简介：AbstractNephrotic syndrome is a relatively common clinical disease. Associated dyslipidemia is a risk factor for the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and renal diseases that might gradually develop into atherosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis or tubulointerstitial injury. It also confers an elevated risk of complications such as thromboembolism. If not properly controlled over the long term, dyslipidemia will become a key factor in a poor prognosis. Furthermore, dyslipidemia correlates with an increase in hepatic compensatory synthetic lipoprotein levels and a decrease in lipoprotein clearance, which can be sourced to the downregulation of hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activities in endothelial cells, muscle, and adipose tissue, and clinically characterized as hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolemia. However, further investigations into the mechanism(s) of dyslipidemia are needed, with the resultant detailed perspectives and analyses substantially aiding the further development of treatment guidelines. Currently, statins represent the most popular type of pharmaceutical intervention because they lower hepatic cholesterol production and promote the absorption of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol from the bloodstream, followed by second-line and other potential therapies to regulate the expression of specific receptors.

简介：Objective:ToidentifytheeffectofdyslipidemiaonauditoryfunctiondetectedbyPureToneAudiometry.Tocheckifdyslipidemiaworsensthehearinglevelindiabetics.Design:Thiswasacomparativestudywhere120subjectsbetweentheagegroupof20and50yearsunderwentpuretoneaudiometry,lipidprofileandbloodsugars.Group1consistedof30subjectswithtype2diabetesanddyslipidemia;Group2had30subjectswithisolateddiabetes;Group3had30withisolateddyslipidemiaandGroup4included30normalsubjectsascontrol.Results:Significanthearinglosswasseenonlyinthegroupwithisolateddiabetes(63%).Themostcommontypeofhearinglosswashighfrequencysensorineuralhearingloss.Whencomparisonwasmadebetweenthecombinationsofdifferentlipidprofiles,noassociationwasfoundtothelevelofhearing.Conclusions:Diabeticsaremorepronetohighfrequencyhearingloss.Alteredlipidprofilehasnoroleincausinghearingloss.

简介：The2016revisionofthe“ChineseGuidelinesonPreventionandTreatmentofDyslipidemiainAdults”istheoutcomeofthejointeffortsofthemembersofanexpertpanelformorethan1year,andisbasedonthe2007guidelines.Thereisnodoubtthatthereleaseofthe2007guidelinesgreatlyfacilitatedthemanagementofdyslipidemiaandthepreventionandtreatmentofatheroscleroticcardiovasculardiseases(ASCVDs)inChina.However,anupdateoftheguidelinesforthemanagementofdyslipidemiainChineseadultsisurgentlyneededsincehugechangeshaveoccurredintheconceptsofdyslipidemiaresearchandcontrolduringthelastdecade.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Lipid abnormalities are prevalent among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) and contribute to increasing risk of cardiovascular events. This study aims to investigate the incidence of dyslipidemia and its risk factors in PLWH after receiving different first-line free antiretroviral regimens.Methods:PLWH who sought care at the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen from January 2014 to December 2018 were included, and the baseline characteristics and clinical data during the follow-up were collected, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The risk factors of dyslipidemia after antiretroviral therapy were analyzed with the generalized estimating equation model.Results:Among the 7623 PLWH included, the mean levels of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were 4.23 ± 0.85 mmol/L, 1.27 ± 0.29 mmol/L and 2.54 ± 0.65 mmol/L, respectively, and the median TG was 1.17 (IQR: 0.85-1.68) mmol/L. Compared with that in PLWH receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) + ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r), zidovudine (AZT) + 3TC + efavirenz (EFV), and AZT + 3TC + LPV/r, the incidence of dyslipidemia was lower in PLWH receiving TDF + 3TC + EFV. In multivariate analysis, we found that the risks of elevations of TG, TC, and LDL-C were higher with TDF + 3TC + LPV/r (TG: odds ratio [OR] = 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.55-3.11, P < 0.001; TC: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14-1.35, P < 0.001; LDL: OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00-1.12, P = 0.041), AZT + 3TC + EFV (TG: OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.28-1.55, P < 0.001; TC: OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.31-1.56, P < 0.001; LDL: OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12-1.25, P < 0.001), and AZT + 3TC + LPV/r (TG: OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 2.65-3.59, P < 0.001; TC: OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.96-2.94, P < 0.001; LDL: OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.37-1.69, P < 0.001) than with TDF + 3TC + EFV, while treatment with TDF + 3TC + LPV/r was less likely to restore HDL-C levels compared with TDF + 3TC + EFV (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97, P < 0.001). In addition to antiretroviral regimens, antiretroviral therapy duration, older age, overweight, obesity and other traditional factors were also important risk factors for dyslipidemia.Conclusion:The incidence of dyslipidemia varies with different antiretroviral regimens, with TDF + 3TC + EFV having lower risk for dyslipidemia than the other first-line free antiretroviral regimens in China.