简介：Gutmicrobiotaexertsasignificantroleinthepathogenesisofthemetabolicsyndrome,asconfirmedbystudiesconductedbothonhumansandanimalmodels.Gutmicrobialcompositionandfunctionsarestronglyinfluencedbydiet.Thiscomplexintestinal'superorganism'seemstoaffecthostmetabolicbalancemodulatingenergyabsorption,gutmotility,appetite,glucoseandlipidmetabolism,aswellashepaticfattystorage.Animpairmentofthefinebalancebetweengutmicrobesandhost’simmunesystemcouldculminateintheintestinaltranslocationofbacterialfragmentsandthedevelopmentof'metabolicendotoxemia',leadingtosystemicinflammationandinsulinresistance.Dietinducedweight-lossandbariatricsurgerypromotesignificantchangesofgutmicrobialcomposition,thatseemtoaffectthesuccess,ortheinefficacy,oftreatmentstrategies.Manipulationofgutmicrobiotathroughtheadministrationofprebioticsorprobioticscouldreduceintestinallowgradeinflammationandimprovegutbarrierintegrity,thus,amelioratingmetabolicbalanceandpromotingweightloss.However,furtherevidenceisneededtobetterunderstandtheirclinicalimpactandtherapeuticuse.

简介：AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of risk factors that can eventually lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. A detailed understanding of the MetS mechanism will be helpful in developing effective prevention strategies and appropriate intervention tools. In this article, we discuss the relationship between the clinical symptoms of MetS and differences in the gut microbial community compared with healthy individuals, characterized by the proliferation of potentially harmful bacteria and the inhibition of beneficial ones. Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism have been shown to be mediated by a number of factors, including inflammation caused by gut barrier defects, short-chain fatty acids metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. However, although we can clearly establish a causal relationship between gut microbial profiles and MetS in animal experiments, the relationship between them is still controversial in humans. Therefore, we need more clinical studies to augment our understanding of how we can manipulate the gut microbiota and address the role of the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of MetS.

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简介：Hormonereplacementtherapy(HRT)isinuseformorethanahalfofcentury,butthequestionofindicationsandidealcandidatesforHRTremainsunclear.Postmenopausalwomenareapopulationwiththeincreasingrisksforcardiovasculardiseaseswhicharethemaincauseofdeathinthisgroup.Declineinoestrogenconcentrations

简介：AbstractObjective:Altered bile acid transformation induces low-grade chronic inflammation and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Liquiritincan regulate bile acid metabolism and anti-inflammatory properties; however, limited information is available regarding its therapeutic potential in PCOS.Methods:Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6 mice/group): the control, letrozole or dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS groups, PCOS + 20 mg/kg liquiritin group, and control + liquiritin groups. After 21 days of treatment, the mice were euthanized, and the associated metabolism indications were investigated. Ovarian histological examinations were performed, and serum hormone concentration was measured. The expression of key genes involved in steroid hormone synthesis, ovarian follicle development, and ovulation was assessed.Results:Liquiritin reduced fasting blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity compared to the PCOS group. Liquiritin also significantly decreased serum levels of total testosterone (P < 0.001) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (P < 0.05) in the PCOS group. Histomorphological inspection of ovaries from the liquiritin group revealed fewer cystic dilated follicles than in the PCOS group. Moreover, liquiritinsignificantly (P < 0.01) decreased Cyp17a1, Cyp19a1, Fshr, Hsd3b2, Runx2, and Ccn2 mRNA expression compared to letrozole-induced PCOS.Conclusion:Liquiritin may be safe and helpful in ameliorating PCOS-associated hyperandrogenemia and hyperglycemia. However, clinical trials investigating different liquiritin dosages are needed to confirm these findings.

简介：AbstractBackground:The most common etiologies of Cushing's syndrome (CS) are adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenoma (pitCS) and primary adrenal gland disease (adrCS), both of which burden patients with metabolic disturbance. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic features of pitCS and adrCS patients.Methods:A retrospective review including 114 patients (64 adrCS and 50 pitCS) diagnosed with CS in 2009-2019 was performed. Metabolic factors were then compared between pitCS and adrCS groups.Results:Regarding sex, females suffered both adrCs (92.2%) and pitCS (88.0%) more frequently than males. Regarding age, patients with pitCS were diagnosed at a younger age (35.40 ± 11.94 vs. 39.65 ± 11.37 years, p = 0.056) than those with adrCS, although the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, pitCS patients had much higher ACTH levels and more serious occurrences of hypercortisolemia at all time points (8 AM, 4 PM, 12 AM) than that in adrCS patients. Conversely, indexes, including body weight, BMI, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and uric acid, showed no differences between adrCS and pitCS patients. Furthermore, diabetes prevalence was higher in pitCS patients than in adrCS patients; however, there were no significant differences in hypertension or dyslipidemia prevalence between the two.Conclusions:Although adrCS and pitCS had different pathogenetic mechanisms, different severities of hypercortisolemia, and different diabetes prevalences, both etiologies had similar metabolic characteristics.

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简介：AIM:ToperformaMeta-analysistoexplorethecorrelationbetweenmetabolicsyndromeandintraocularpressure(IOP).METHODS:WesearchedPubMedandEmbaseinNovember2017forstudiesdiscussingtherelationshipbetweenmetabolicsyndromecomponentsandIOPinpatients.Pearsoncorrelationcoefficients,oddsratiosandstandardizedbetaswereextractedfrominclusivestudies.Heterogeneityandpublicationbiaswerechecked.RESULTS:Of295articles,10metinclusioncriteriaandprovidedsufficientdataforMeta-analysis.ResultsshowedasignificantpositiverelationbetweenmetabolicsyndromeandIOP(Z=0.47,95%CI:0.15-0.79,P=0.005).Thefivecomponents[waistcircumference,hypertriglyceridemia,highbloodpressure,highfastingglucoseandlowhighdensitylipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol]ofmetabolicsyndromeallshowedpositivecorrelationwithIOPexceptthelowHDL-cholesterolwhichhadnostatisticalsignificance.ThepooledZwas0.08(95%CI:0.04-0.12),0.16(95%CI:0.11-0.21),0.16(95%CI:0.10-0.22),0.30(95%CI:0.20-0.40)and0.12(95%CI:0.08-0.16),respectively.Begg’stestandEgger’stestshowednoevidenceofsignificantpublicationbiasofthisMeta-analysis.CONCLUSION:OurfindingssuggestthatmetabolicsyndromeanditscomponentsaresignificantlyassociatedwithIOP,besidestheHDL-cholesterol.ThisassociationmaybeusedtocontrolIOPbyinterveningtheoccurrenceofmetabolicsyndrome.

简介：AbstractBackground:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is relatively common worldwide and an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is closely linked to arterial stiffness of the carotid artery. However, the association of MetS with the safety of carotid revascularization has been rarely studied. The aim of this study was to observe the current status of MetS and its components in Chinese carotid revascularized patients, and investigate the impact on major adverse clinical events (MACEs) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS).Methods:From January 2013 to December 2017, patients undergoing CEA or CAS in the Neurosurgery Department of Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively recruited. The changes in prevalence of MetS and each component with time were investigated. The primary outcome was 30-day post-operative MACEs. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the impact of MetS on CEA or CAS.Results:A total of 2068 patients who underwent CEA (766 cases) or CAS (1302 cases) were included. The rate of MetS was 17.9%; the prevalence rate of MetS increased with time. The occurrence rate of MACEs in CEA was 3.4% (26 cases) and in CAS, 3.1% (40 cases). There was no statistical difference between the two groups (3.4% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.600). For CEA patients, univariate analysis showed that the MACE (+) group had increased diabetes history (53.8% vs. 30.9%, P= 0.014) and MetS (34.6% vs. 15.8%, P = 0.023). For CAS patients, univariate analysis showed that the MACE (+) group had increased coronary artery disease history (40.0% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.006) and internal carotid artery tortuosity (67.5%% vs. 37.6%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the MACE (+) group had higher systolic blood pressure (143.38 ± 22.74 vs. 135.42 ± 17.17 mmHg, P = 0.004). Multivariable analysis showed that the influencing factors for MACEs in CEA included history of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.345; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.057-5.205; P = 0.036) and MetS (OR = 2.476; 95% CI = 1.065-5.757; P = 0.035). The influencing factors for MACEs in CAS included systolic blood pressure (OR= 1.023; 95% CI= 1.005-1.040; P= 0.010), coronary artery disease (OR= 2.382; 95% CI= 1.237-4.587; P= 0.009) and internal carotid artery tortuosity (OR= 3.221; 95% CI= 1.637-6.337; P = 0.001).Conclusions:The prevalence rate of MetS increased with time in carotid revascularized patients. MetS is a risk for short-term MACEs after CEA, but not CAS.

简介：Purpose:Arandomized,controlledtrialwasconductedtodeterminewhethera6-weeklowcaloriedietandaerobicexerciseinterventioncouldaltermetabolicsyndrome(MetS)riskfactorsinpre-pubescentobeseChinesechildren.Methods:Thesubjectswererandomizedintodietandexercise(DE)andcontrol(C)groups.TheDEgroupingested1600-2000kcal/dayadjustedtoeachparticipant’sbasalmetabolicrate,andengagedinhigh-volumeaerobicexercise(6days/week,twicedaily,for3hpersession)for6weeks.Atotalof215obesechildrenbetweentheagesof11and13yearswererecruitedintothestudy,with167subjects(DE,n=95;C,n=72)completingallphases.Pre-andpost-studymeasuresincludedbodyweight,bodymassindex,waistcircumference,bodyfatpercentage,bloodpressureandotherMetS-relatedmarkersfromfastingbloodsamples(serumcholesterol,triglycerides,insulin,andglucose).Results:Comparedtocontrols,theDEsubjectsexperiencedsignificantlyreducedlevelsforalloutcomemarkers(p<0.05),exceptforfastingbloodglucoseinboys(p=0.09).Conclusion:Anintensive,6-weekdietandexerciseinterventionhadfavorableeffectsinalteringMetSriskfactorsinobeseChinesechildrenaged11to13.

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简介：1.BiochemicalstructureandmolecularactivityofmeldoniumMeldonium(commercialnameMildronate)wasoriginallysynthesizedinthemid-1970sattheInstituteofOrganicSynthesisoftheLatvianSovietSocialistRepublicAcademyofSciences.Thechemicalstructureofthiscompound(3-(2,2,2-

简介：1.TheendocannabinoidsysteminobesityandmetabolicdisordersAsobesityandassociatedmetabolicdisorders,suchastype2diabetesanddyslipidemia,arebecomingoneofthemostserioushealthproblemsworldwide,developmentofeffectivetherapiesisahighpriority.Inthesearchfortreatments,therecentlydiscoveredendocannabinoidsystem(ECS)hasbeguntogarnerattention,andawealthofresearchisnowfocusing

简介：Careinoidsyndromeisaconstellationofsymptoms,mostobviouslyflushinganddiarrhoea,causedbyreleaseofhormonesandothersultancesfromaCarcinoidtumour,whichisatypeofneuroendoerinetumour.

简介：客观：与严重煽动性的反应症候群(先生)在创伤的病人调查甲状腺荷尔蒙的引申。方法：有严重先生的五十个创伤的病人被注册并且根据他们是否介绍了multiorgandysfunction症候群(MODS)把组划分了成二。甲状腺荷尔蒙大小被拿，包括totaltriiodothyronine(TT3)，全部的甲状腺素(TT4)，免费triiodothyronine(FT3)，免费甲状腺素(FT4)和甲状腺刺激荷尔蒙(TSH)。尖锐生理学和长期的健康评估Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)20根据临床的数据被计算。恢复或恶化的结果被记录，以及从到时间甲状腺荷尔蒙的先生的发作的时间的长度被测量。结果：Euthyroid病了的症候群(S字)在45cases.TT3水平被介绍否定地与APACHEH分数被相关(r=-0.330,P<0。05)，并且TT3/TT4value否定地与先生的持续时间被相关(r=-0.316,P<0.05)。没有MODS，在MODS病人的TT3，TT4和FT3levels是比那些显著地低的(P<0.05)。没有MODS，给低TT4或FT4的MODS病人比那些经常铺平更多(P<0.05)。与在正常TSH组的病人相比，有有的减少的TSH的病人降低T3，T4，恢复率和更高的APACHEⅡ分数，MODS发生，但是二个组之间没有差别(P>0.05).Conclusions：有严重先生的损伤病人有高可能性得到S字，它更经常并且严重地发生在MODS病人。它在甲状腺轴上显示出先生的影响。Withthe坚持和先生的恶化，有甲状腺荷尔蒙的进步减小。

简介：AbstractExcessive consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has been linked to worldwide epidemics of metabolic diseases in humans, and it is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview about the features of fructose metabolism, as well as potential mechanisms by which excessive fructose intake is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases both in humans and rodents. To accomplish this aim, we focus on illuminating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fructose metabolism as well as its signaling effects on metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease, highlighting the role of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein in regulating fructose metabolism.

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简介：共分析了50篇丈章，分别采用单纯针剌法，针剌结合其他疗法，耳穴贴压疗法和其他疗法进行治疗。有39篇文章有明确的诊断标准，其中《实用中西医结合诊断治疗学》，Kupperman评分和《中医病证诊断疗效标准》。治疗组涉及病例总数2946例，临床疗效最高达100％，最低为58、1％。有16篇设立了对照组。15篇进行了辨证分型，共27种证型，有肝肾阴虚，睥肾阳虚，肾阳虚，肾阴虚，心肾不交和肝郁等。针灸治疗更年期综合征具有一定效果，但缺少严格的随机对照试验(RCT)。

简介：少年polyposis症候群是多重不同少年息肉在胃肠的道和colorectal癌症的增加的风险描绘的稀罕正染色体的主导的症候群。colorectal癌症的累积一生风险是39%，相对风险是34。少年息肉把特殊组织学被有煽动性的房间和膀胱地扩大的腺的薄板propria排队了由的许多edematous描绘了对有反应变化的圆柱的上皮立方形。临床上，少年polyposis症候群被5的存在或更多的少年息肉在colorectum，在整个胃肠的道的少年息肉或少年息肉的任何数字和少年polyposis的积极家庭历史定义。在大约与少年polyposis症候群诊断的病人的50%-60%，在SMAD4或BMPR1A基因的一个germline变化被发现。两基因在表明小径的BMP/TGF-beta起一个作用。在少年polyposis的癌症可以通过反常stromal环境导致邻近的上皮并且最后的肿瘤的转变的所谓的landscaper机制发展，这被建议了侵略的癌。这稀罕混乱的识别关于治疗为病人和他们的家庭是重要的，后续并且屏蔽在风险个人。与少年息肉的诊断面对的每位临床医生应该因此考虑少年polyposis症候群的可能性。另外，少年polyposis症候群提供一个独特模型一般来说学习colorectal癌症致病并且在癌症的分子的基因基础给卓见。这评论讨论少年polyposis症候群的临床的表明，遗传，致病和管理。