简介：Thelongcontroversyovertheterm‘Quaternary'asachronostratigraphicunitmaybereachinganapotheosis,judgingfromrecentpapers(PillansandNaish,2004;Gibbardetal.,2005;andreferencestherein).Thedebateisnolongercenteredonwhetherthereshouldbeaplaceinthegeologicaltimescaleforaunittermed‘Quaternary'-despiteitsdubiouspast,itcannotbedeniedthatalargebodyofearth-historicalresearchisstronglyidentifiedwiththisterm.ThechallengenowconcernsanappropriaterankanddefinitionofQuaternarywithregardtootherchronostratigraphicunits.Severaloptionshavebeenproposed(PillansandNaish,2004),andGibbardetal.(2005)encourageadebateonthesebeforedecisionisreached.Inthisbriefnote,wedescribeanarrangementnotpreviouslyconsideredthatseemsadvantageous.Itisinstructive,however,tofirstreviewthePleistoceneSeriesandNeogeneSystem,thetwounitsthataredirectlyaffectedbyintroductionoftheQuaternaryintothechronostratigraphichierarchy.

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简介：ThesurvivalprobabilityofsuperheavynucleiproducedincoldfusionreactionsisstudiedbyusingthestandardFermigasleveldensityformulaandanalyzedwithfissionandneutronevaporationcharacteristicspredictedindifferenttheoreticalmodels.Theleveldensityformulausedinthislettersuppressestheratioofneutronemissionwidthtofissionwidth,Гn/Гf.ThedependenceofГn/Гfonthesaddlepointleveldensityparameterandexcitationenergyisalsoinvestigated.

简介：在这篇论文，一个新风险模型在高级收入的率在哪个被认为是一个随机的变量被学习，保险单的到达是泊松进程，主张发生的进程是变瘦p进程。幸存概率的不可分的代表被得到。无限的间隔上的幸存概率的明确的公式在特殊情况中被获得—指数的分发。Lundberg不平等和毁灭概率的普通公式从鞅理论以一些技术被得到。

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简介：Ricecultivationisconsideredtobeinitiatedbyvegetativepropagationofsproutfromwildperennialstocks.Totestwhetheranypresentlycultivatedricecultivarcansurvivethewintercoldornot,ricestocksofseveralcultivarsincludingindicaandjaponicatypeswereplacedinashallowpoolfromOctobertoAprilin2015–2016and2016–2017.Duringthecoldestperiodofthewinter,thebasesofthestockswereplaced5–6cmbelowthesurfaceofwater,wheretemperaturesrangedfrom3oCto5oC,whilethesurfacewasfrozenfortwoorthreetimesandcoveredwithsnowforaday.Onlyonecultivar,Nipponbare,ajaponicatype,survivedthewintercoldandregeneratedsproutsintheendofAprilorearlyMay.Apossibilitytodevelopperennialcultivationofriceorperennialhybridriceisdiscussed.

简介：AbstractObjective:This study conducted inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) survival analysis to examine survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients.Methods:In this population-based study, data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the United States were analyzed to identify patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas 2004 to 2014. Differences in survival rates were examined among patients who underwent pancreatectomy alone, radiotherapy alone, and those who had pancreatectomy plus adjuvant radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models with the IPTW were performed to determine the effect of different treatments on overall and cancer-specific survival. This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Weifang Medical University.Results:A total of 8191 patients were included, with 3409 taking pancreatectomy only, 2865 taking radiotherapy only, and 1917 taking pancreatectomy plus adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients who received surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy had statistically a higher survival rate than those who received the other 2 treatments. Survival analysis with the IPTW for the 3 different groups showed that the difference in median overall survival time among these patient groups was significant.Conclusion:Using IPTW survival analysis, the present study shows that surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy is significantly associated with improved overall and cancer-specific survival among patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

简介：Thispaperdescribesthesurvivalexperiencefrom15selectedsitesofcancersaccordingtodatafromapopulation--basedcancerregistryduringtheperiodof1982--1991forevaluationofcancersurvivalaswellasdifferentcancercontrolmeasures.MATERIALSANDMETHODSDataCollectionCanc...

简介：Deareditors,Neurodegenerativediseasesarenowassociatedwiththeglobalobesityanddiabetesepidemicinthedevelopinganddevelopedworld.Neurodegenerativediseasesareaheterogeneousgroupofdisorderswithcomplexfactorssuchasneurohumoral,endocrineandenvironmentalfactorsinvolvedininductionoftheseneurodegenerativediseases.Thefutureofscienceandmedicineinneurodegenerativediseasesisnowdependentonnutritionalgenomicswithinsulinresistanceamajorfactorintheinductionofneurodegenerativediseases.Nutritionalgenomicsnowinvolvestheanti-aginggeneSirtuin1(Sirt1)thatisimportanttothepreventionofinsulinresistancewithitscriticalinvolvementintheimmunesystem(Martins,2018a,b).Sirt1inactivationleadstotoxicimmunereactionsconnectedtotheaccelerationofneurondeathinvariouscommunities.Appetitecontrolwithrelevancetoimmunometabolismhasbecomeofcriticalimportancetothetreatmentofneurodegeneration(Figure1).NutritionaldietsactivatetheheatshockgeneSirt1topreventtheincreaseinheatshockproteinsconnectedtoautoimmunedisease,mitophagy(Martins,2018a,b)andirreversibleprogrammedcelldeathinglobalpopulations(Figure1).

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简介：Paralysisfollowingspinalcordinjury(SCI)isduetofailureofaxonalregeneration.Itisbelievedthatthecapacitiesofneuronstoregrowtheiraxonsareduepartlytotheirintrinsiccharacteristics,whichinturnaregreatlyinfluencedbyseveraltypesofinhibitorymoleculesthatarepresent,orevenincreasedintheextracellularenvironmentoftheinjuredspinalcord.Manyoftheseinhibitorymoleculeshavebeenstudiedextensivelyinrecentyears.IthasbeensuggestedthatthesmallGTPaseRhoAisanintracellularconvergencepointforsignalingbytheseextracellularinhibitorymolecules,butduetothecomplexityofthecentralnervoussystem(CNS)inmammals,andthelimitationofpharmacologicaltools,thespecificrolesofRhoAareunclear.ByexploitingtheanatomicalandtechnicaladvantagesofthelampreyCNS,werecentlydemonstratedthatRhoAknockdownpromotestrueaxonregenerationthroughthelesionsiteafterSCI.Inaddition,wefoundthatRhoAknockdownprotectsthelarge,identifiedreticulospinalneuronsfromapoptosisaftertheiraxonswereaxotomizedinspinalcord.Therefore,manipulationoftheRhoAsignalingpathwaymaybeanimportantapproachinthedevelopmentoftreatmentsthatarebothneuroprotectiveandaxonregeneration-promoting,toenhancefunctionalrecoveryafterSCI.

简介：<正>Asoneofthemostcharacterizedcytokines,interleukin3(IL-3)iswellknownforitssurvivaleffectonbothprogenitorsandmaturebloodcells.Althoughwiththeextensivestudies,thesignalingpathwaysandunderlyingmechanismleadingtosurvivalresponsesofIL-3stillarenotcompletelyunderstood.Recently,anapoptoticgeneticpathwayofC.eleganswassuggestedtobeevolutionallyconservedinthatcontrolsthecytokine-dependentanti-apoptoticresponsesinmammalianhematopoieticcelllineages.Amongthispathway,Ces-2isknowntobethefirstdeathspecificationgeneintheC.eleganspathwayandencodesabZIPfamilytranscriptionalfactorthatsharesthesameDNArecognitionsequencewithanoncoprotein,

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简介：AbstractBackground:Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence about the increased overall survival (OS) in lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with those without DM. This study assessed progression-free survival (PFS)/OS in lung cancer patients with or without DM and tentatively analyzed the impact of blood glucose levels on PFS/OS in lung cancer patients.Methods:Data were collected from lung cancer patients based upon admission records from January 2010 to January 2012 and follow-up records from January 2010 to January 2015 in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai. The data included patient sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, history of DM, level of blood glucose, pathological type, clinical stage of cancer, chemotherapy regimen, and history of anti-DM drugs. The Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier method were used for the analysis of hazard factors and PFS/OS. For comparison of PFS/OS in lung cancer with or without DM, patients were divided into three groups: lung cancer with DM, lung cancer without DM but with elevated level of blood glucose, lung cancer without DM or elevated level of blood glucose.Results:In total, the data from 200 lung cancer patients (138 males/62 females, aged 29.0 to 78.0 years, mean 60.0 ± 8.6 years) were collected. For the comparison of PFS/OS in lung cancer patients with or without DM, patients were divided into three groups: lung cancer with DM (n = 31); lung cancer without DM but with elevated levels of blood glucose (n = 40); and lung cancer without both DM and elevated levels of blood glucose (n = 128), whereas 1 patient dropped out of the study. All the patients underwent complete chemotherapy and were followed up for 36.0 to 60.0 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that lung cancer patients with DM had increased PFS and OS compared with those without DM (log-rank, P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the median PFS in lung cancer with DM was 12.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0-16.0) vs. 6.0 months in those without DM (95% CI, 5.8-6.3); and the median OS in lung cancer patients with DM was 37.0 months (95% CI, 29.0-46.6) vs. 12.0 months in those without DM (95% CI, 10.9-13.1). For the other two groups of patients without DM, there was a trend toward a shorter PFS and OS in patients with elevated blood glucose compared with those without elevated blood glucose. Cox regression showed that PFS in lung cancer patients was favorably associated with the usage of anti-DM drugs, BMI, clinical stage of cancer, and chemotherapy regimen (all P < 0.05) but was inversely associated with the level of blood glucose (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Lung cancer patients with DM have prolonged PFS and OS compared with those without DM, and the level of blood glucose was inversely associated with PFS. The current results indicate that PFS may be a meaningful intermediate endpoint for OS and that the levels of blood glucose hopefully represent a prognostic factor in lung cancer patients.

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简介：Therehavebeenexponentialgainsinimmuno-oncologyinrecenttimesthroughthedevelopmentofimmunecheckpointinhibitors.AlreadyapprovedbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationforadvancedmelanomaandnon-smallcelllungcancer,immunecheckpointinhibitorsalsoappearstohavesignificantantitumoractivityinmultipleothertumortypes.Anexcitingcomponentofimmunotherapyisthedurabilityofantitumorresponsesobserved,withsomepatientsachievingdiseasecontrolformanyyears.Nevertheless,notallpatientsbenefit,andeffortsshouldthusnowfocusonimprovingtheefficacyofimmunotherapythroughtheuseofcombinationapproachesandpredictivebiomarkersofresponseandresistance.Therearemultiplepotentialrationalcombinationsusinganimmunotherapybackbone,includingexistingtreatmentssuchasradiotherapy,chemotherapyormolecularlytargetedagents,aswellasotherimmunotherapeutics.Theaimofsuchantitumorstrategieswillbetoraisethetailonthesurvivalcurvebyincreasingthenumberoflongtermsurvivors,whilemanaginganyadditiveorsynergistictoxicitiesthatmayarisewithimmunotherapycombinations.Rationaltrialdesignsbasedonaclearunderstandingoftumorbiologyanddrugpharmacologyremainparamount.Thisarticlereviewsthebiologyunderpinningimmuno-oncology,discussesexistingandnovelimmunotherapeuticcombinationscurrentlyindevelopment,thechallengesofpredictivebiomarkersofresponseandresistanceandtheimpactofimmuno-oncologyonearlyphaseclinicaltrialdesign.

简介：这份报纸由利用连续辅助covariate信息当主要covariate仅仅为随机选择的subsample被查明时，改进统计推理的效率认为添加剂危险回归是分析。作者为回归参数构造一个基于鞅的估计方程并且建立asymptotic一致性和结果的评估者的规度。模拟学习证明建议方法罐头极大地与在许多背景丢弃辅助covariate信息的评估者相比改进效率。一个真实例子也作为一幅插图被提供。

简介：索尔顿湖是在东南的加利福尼亚位于地形的关上的Salton马槽的最深的点的一个终端湖。它当前是在处于状态的区域的最大的湖。它被一个泛滥的事件在19051907沿着克罗拉多河创造，类似于在过去的世纪的历史的洪水在一样的地点创造了古老的卡休拉湖的短暂化身的方法。它在今天的中心的位置帝国山谷，一个热、干旱的地点家到一些在美国的最高效的灌溉农业陆地，通过在农业流量，它输入的主要形式，和广阔蒸发损失之间的精细的平衡保证了它的进行中的幸存。不过，它是的平行角色一个娱乐资源和重要野生动物产地，在它存在的第一个世纪建立了，被增加咸度减少威胁水质量，和从喂山谷农业的克罗拉多河的减少的水分配。将被影响由的逐渐地不明确的未来减少了的索尔顿湖脸从克罗拉多河，对到在山谷的支持耕作和能量工业的另外的水来源的要求，和稳定湖咸度的需要浇进口，维持娱乐资源，并且保存什么成为了重要生态系统和野生动物产地。