简介：Naturalbeachestendtobeconcave-upratherthanplanarandarereasonabletobemodeledbyanequilibriumbeachprofile.Agoverningequationforlongshorecurrentonanequilibriumbeachisderivedanditsanalyticalsolutionisgiveninthispaper.Throughcomparisonsofthepresentsolutionandfielddataoflongshorecurrentforastep-typebeach,thepresentsolutionisfoundtohavefairlyagreeablepredictiontolongshorecurrentinsidethesurfzone.Theeffectsoftheshapeofaconcave-upbeachandturbulentmixingstressonlongshorecurrentinsidethesurfzonearediscussedinthepresentpaper.

简介：-Waverefraction-diffractionduetoalargeoceanstructureandtopographyinthepresenceofa’currentarestudiednumerically.Themathematicalmodelisthemild-slopeequationdevelopedbyKirby(1984).Thisequationissolvedusingafiniteandboundaryelementmethod.Thephysicaldomainisdevid-edintotworegions:aslowlyvaryingtopographyregionandaconstantwaterdepthregion.Forwavespropagatingintheconstantwaterdepthregion,withoutcurrentinterfering,themild-slopeequationisthenreducedtotheHelmholtzequationwhichissolvedbyboundaryelementmethod.Invaryingtopographyregion,thisequationwillbesolvedbyfiniteelementmethod.Conservationofmassandenergyfluxofthefluidbetweenthesetworegionsisrequiredforcompositionofthesetwonumericalmethods.Thenumericalschemeproposedhereiscapableofdealingwithwaterwaveproblemsofdifferentwaterdepthswiththemaincharactersofthesetwomethods.

简介：-Driftcurrentinducedbywindandwavesisinvestigatedwithphase-averagedNavier-StokesequationinwhichtheReynoldsstressisclosedbyk-εmodel.Thegoverningequationsaresolvedbythefinitevolumemethodinasystemofnonorthogonalcoordinateswhichisfittedtothephase-averagedwavesurface.Thepredicteddriftcurrentisfairlyreasonableandthedragcoefficientofsea-surfacepredictedwiththenewlydevelopedinterfaceconditionsshowsgoodagreementwithpreviousmeasurementswhenbreakingwavesdonotexist.

简介：Toinvestigatethemechanismofsecondarycirculationsinripcurrentsystems,andtoexploretherelationshipbetweenwaveconditionsandsecondarycirculationintensity,aseriesofnumericalexperimentsisperformedusingcouplednearshorewavemodelandcirculationmodel.Intheseexperiments,theripcurrentsandsecondarycirculationsgeneratedabovebarredbeacheswithripchannelsaresimulated.Acomparisonexperimentisconductedtoinvestigatetheformationandhydrodynamicsofthesecondarycirculations.Modelresultsindicatethatthesecondarycirculationsconsistofalongshoreflowsdrivenbywaveset-upneartheshoreline,partofthefeedercurrentsdrivenbythewaveset-upoverthebars,andonshoreflowsattheendoftheripchanneldrivenbywavebreakingandconvection.Theexistenceofthesecondarycirculationbarelyaffectstheripcurrent,butnarrowsandintensifiesthefeedercurrents.Threegroupsofexperimentsofvaryingincidentwaveconditionsareperformedtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenwaveconditionsandsecondarycirculationintensity.Thevelocityofthealongshoreflowofthesecondarycirculationissensitivetothevariationoftheincidentwaveheightandwaterdepth.Itisalsofoundthatthealongshoreflowintensityisindirectproportiontothealongshorevariationofthewaveheightgradientbetweenthebarsandtheshoreline.

简介：Thestudyinthispaperisfocusingontrajectoriesofparticlesintheirrotationalprogressivewaterwavescoexistingwithuniformcurrent.TheparametricequationsofparticletrajectoriesoverarangeoflevelsinaLagrangiantypeofdescriptionaredevelopedanalyticallyviatheEuler-Lagrangetransformation.TheLagrangianwaveperiodofparticlemotiondifferingfromtheEulerianwaveperiodandthemasstransportcanalsobeobtaineddirectly.Thethird-ordersolutionofparticletrajectoryexhibitsthattheydonotmoveinclosedorbitalmotionbutrepresentanetmovementthatdecreasesexponentiallywiththewaterdepth.Uniformcurrentisfoundtohavesignificanteffectonthetrajectoriesanddriftvelocityofgravitywaves.Overall,theinfluenceofincreaseduniformcurrentistoincreasetherelativehorizontaldistancetraveledbyaparticle,aswellasthemagnitudeofthetime-averageddriftvelocityonthefreesurface.Foradversecurrentcases,areversebehaviorisfound.Theobtainedthird-ordersolutionssatisfytheirrotationalconditioncontrastedtotheGerstnerwavesandareverifiedbyreducingtothoseoftwo-dimensionalgravitywavesinLagrangiancoordinates.

简介：Inthispaper,thecharacteristicsofdensitycurrentundertheactionofwavesaredescribedwiththehelpofflumeexperimentandtheoreticalanalysis.Thestudyshowsthatturbidwaterundertheac-tionofthewavescanpresentthreetypesofmotion,i.e.significantstratification,fragilestratificationandstrongmixing.Themotionofturbidwaterpresentssignificantstratificationwhen（H/D）/△ρ/ρ1/2≤4.5,generallythisstateisknownasdensitycurrent.Theformulasofmotionvelocity,thickness,anddischargeofdensitycurrentmovingonhorizontalbottomarederivedbyuseofba-sicequationssuchasmomemtumequation,equationofenergyconservationandcontinuityequationoffluid.Thetime-averagevelocityandthethicknessofdensitycurrentundertheactionofwaveshavearela-tionshipwithsuchparametersasrelativedensity（△ρ/ρ）,waveheight（H）,andwaterdepth（D）.Whentheseparametersaredetermined,thetime-averagethicknessandmotionvelocityofdensitycurrentareal-sodetermined.Therelat

简介：调查为随机的波浪是一个紧张腿平台(TLP)的联合反应。推断了，联合僵硬矩阵，抑制在颤动的矩阵是集体矩阵微分方程和在移动的TLP的外部负担坐标系统。无穷小的方法被使用把列和浮桥划分成小部分。时间领域运动方程被Runge-Kutta集成计划解决。Jonswap光谱在随机的波浪被模仿，电流被线性插值模仿，并且NPD光谱作为风光谱被使用。蒙特卡罗方法被用来模仿随机的波浪并且波动风。处于不同的海条件联合动态反应，腱紧张的变化和起床人紧张被力量分析光谱密度(PSD)。TLP和腱紧张的动态反应上的途径角度的影响被比较。

简介：ＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＫｕｒｏｓｈｉｏｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｓｈｅｌｆｗａｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＴｓｕｓｈｉｍａＣｕｒｒｅｎｔｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎｓｕｍｍｅｒＧｕｏＢｉｎｇｈｕｏ，１Ｈｅｕｎｇ－ＪａｅＬｉｅ２ａｎｄＪａｅＨａｋＬｅｅ２（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＳｅ...

简介：Thispaperdescribestherelativecontentsofdominantdiatomspeciesandthedistributivecharacteristicsoftropicalpelagicspeciesanddiatomassemblages,andalsodiscussestherelationsbetweentherelativecontentoftropicalpelagicspeciesandKuroshioCurrentandbetweenthedistributionofdiatomassemblagesandmaterialsources.Theresultsshowthatthelimitof＞20%relativecontentoftropicalpelagicspeciesisbasicallyconsistentwiththedemarcationofKuroshioCurrent,andthatthedistributionsofdominantdiatomspeciesanddiatomassemblagesreservetherecordsoftheircloserrelationstomaterialsources.

简介：-BasedontheextendedMorisonEquationandmodeltests,thein-lineforcesonsmallsquarecylinderscausedbywaves(regularandirregular)andcurrentsareanalyzedindetailinthispaper.ThehydrodynamiccoefficientCDandCurelatedtoKCnumberandtheeffectofdirectionofwaveincidencearealsogiven,whichcanbeusedinengineeringpractice.

简介：Thefinitevolumemethod(FVM)hasmanyadvantagesin2-Dshallowwaternumericalsimulation.Inthisstudy,thefinitevolumemethodisusedwithunstructuredtriangulargridstosimulatethetidalcurrents.TheRoeschemeisappliedinthecalculationoftheintercellnumericalflux,andtheMUSCLmethodisintroducedtoimproveitsaccuracy.Thetimeintegralisatwo-stepschemeofforecastandrevision.Fortheverificationofthepresentmethod,theStoker'sproblemiscalculatedandtheresultiscomparedwiththemathematicallyanalyticsolutions.Thecomparisonindicatesthatthemethodisfeasible.Aseaareaofaportisusedasanexampletotestthemethodestablishedhere.Theresultshowsthatthepresentcomputationalmethodissatisfactory,anditcouldbeappliedtotheengineeringfields.

简介：-Amild-slopeequationforcombinedrefractionanddiffractionofrandomwavesintheindependenttimecurrentisderivedusingKirbyequation(1984).Inthederivation,thefrequencyofrandomwavesisrepresentedbasedonthetimeseriesconcept,byatypicalfrequencyanditsdeviationpart.Numericalresults,comparedwiththoseoflaboratoryexperiments,demonstratethatnewsetofirregularmildslopeequationwithcurrentisofgoodadaptability.

简介：-Acompositepipelineisdefinedasapipelinesystemcomposedofonebigpipeandoneorseveralsmallpipes.Basedonthetheoryofwave-currentinteractionandphysicalmodeltest,thehydrodynamiccharacteristicsofthesubmarinecompositepipelineinwave-currentcoexistingfield(bothregularandirregularwaves)areinvestigated.Theso-called"modifieddiametermethod"isusedforanalyzingthein-finehydrodynamiccoefficientsofthecompositepipeline,whicharewellrelatedtoKCnumber.Thecomparisonoftestdataforregularandirregularwavesshowsthatintheregionof90>KC>20,theresultsinthesetwocasescanbeunified.Theeffectofwaterdepthisanalyzedindetails.TherelationshipsbetweenCD,CMandKC,whicharebasedontheresultsofpresentresearch,maybeusedasareferenceinengineeringdesign.

简介：盖住春天小潮的地调查潮汐的时期被进行在南部的Hangzhou海湾在一条弄弯的隧道以内调查潮汐的动力学的特征，中国。隧道与2.5m的一个平均潮汐的范围有超过100m的最大的深度，用作在Hangzhou海湾的南部的部分的主要潮汐的经过。水咸度，温度和速度数据从基于轮船的横断和系在的大小被收集。在洪水潮期间，潮汐的水流与大约2m/s的最大的速度通过隧道的北方面侵入进Hangzhou海湾，当时通过南部的方面撤退在期间退有1.8m/s的最大的速度的潮。由于压力，密度坡度，Coriolis力量和离心的效果，当潮汐的水流从洪水放松退，侧面的交换流动被产生。在隧道的水微弱地在夏天时间在春天和小潮潮期间被成层的咸度和温度数据表演。然而，在中间的区域混合将被侧面的发行量提高。系在的数据显示温度和咸度在类似于潮汐的电流却比海水平摆动高的频率正在变化。我们的结果支持高频率咸度和温度变化能被潮汐的水流和侧面的交换流动的联合产生的假设。

简介：Thispaperdescribesthedischargecontroltechniqueonboundaryusedintwomodels,oneisthemodelofhotwaterdrainninginDayawanNyclearPowerPlant,Guangdong,andtheotheristhemodelfortrainhingthesandbarattheGuanheEstuary,Jiangsu.Manyyearsofapplicationshowsthatthistechniquehastheadvantagesofgoodreliability,repeatabilityandvalidity.Thespeedometerofhydrogenbubbleisalsointroducedinthispaper.Thedevicecandisplayandstoretracinglinesinacomputer,andhelpoperatorstoobtainthevalueanddirectionoftransientvelocityofanonsteadycurrent,thus,theproblemofmeasurmentoflowcurrentvelocityintidalmodeltestsissolvedandtheautomationofthemeasurementofcurrentvelocityisrealized.

简介：Onthebasisofdataofdriftingbottles'tracksandthecurrentmeasuredinanchoredstations,aswellastemperatureandsalinityobservedincruiseinvestigationsandcoastalstations,ADCPcurrentdataandAVHRRsurfaceseatemperature(SST)dataonthewesterncoastofGuangdong,syntheticresultsofanalysisshowedthatthecoastalcurrentsinthewestofthemouthoftheZhujiangRiverweremainlywestwardinsummer,whichconstitutedthenorthbranchofcyclonicgyreintheeastoftheQiongzhouStraits.PartofitswaterflowedwestwardintotheBeibuGulfthroughtheQiongzhouStraits.ThecoastalcurrentpatternwasnotidenticalwiththetraditionalcurrentsystemwhichflowedwestwardintheQiongzhouStraitsinwinterandeastwardinsummer.Thesummertime'scoastalcurrentwasalwayswestward,maybetemporarilyturningnortheastonlywhenthesouthwestwindwasstrong.TheimportantcharacteristicsofcoastalcurrentonthewesterncoastofGuangdong,intheQiongzhouStraitsandinthenorthoftheBeibuGulfwereanalyzedandtheirmechanismsalsowereexplained.

简介：-ThisarticleisaimedattheexperimentalstudyofthehydrodynamicloadinginducedbywavesandcurrentactingontheJZ20-2submarinecompositepipelines.Thecorrespondinghydrodynamiccoefficientsobtainedinthisexperimentalstudycanbeappliedtoengineeringprojects.

简介：AftertheapproachbyMellor(2003,2008),thepresentpaperreportsonarepeatedefforttoderivetheequationsforthree-dimensionalwave-inducedcurrent.Viatheverticalmomentumequationandapropercoordinatetransformation,thephase-averagedwavedynamicpressureiswelltreated,andacontinuousanddepth-dependentradiationstresstensor,ratherthanthecontroversialdeltaDiracfunctionatthesurfaceshowninMellor(2008),isprovided.Besides,aphase-averagedverticalmomentumfluxoveraslopingbottomisintroduced.AlltheinconsistenciesinMellor(2003,2008),pointedoutbyArdhuinetal.(2008)andBennisandArdhuin(2011),areovercomeinthepresentlyrevisedequations.Inatestcasewithaslopingseabed,asshowninArdhuinetal.(2008),thewave-drivingforcesderivedinthepresentequationsareingoodbalance,andnospuriousverticalcirculationoccursoutsidethesurfzone,indicatingthatAiry'swavetheoryandtheapproachofMellor(2003,2008)areapplicableforthederivationofthewave-inducedcurrentmodel.

简介：高度表并且在situ，数据被用来估计吝啬的表面在沿着115牲湥?潺慮l的节的带的因地球自转而引起的电流？？

简介：Theaimofthispaperistopresentananalyticalexpressionforthestreamwisevelocitydistributioninanon-uniformflowinthepresenceofwaves;thecorrelationbetweenthehorizontalandverticalvelocitycomponentshasbeencomprehensivelyexamined.Differentfrompreviousresearcheswhichattributedthedeviationofvelocityfromtheclassicallog-lawtothewaveReynoldsstress,i.e.-ρ(uv)only,thisstudydemonstratesthatthemomentumfluxcausedbymeanvelocities,i.e.,(u)and(v),isalsoresponsibleforthevelocitydeviation,anditisfoundthatthestreamwisevelocityforaflowinthepresenceofnon-zerowall-normalvelocitydoesnotfollowtheclassicallog-law,butthemodifiedlog-lawproposedinthisstudybasedonsimplifiedmixing-lengththeorem.Thevalidityofthemodifiedlog-lawhasbeenverifiedbyuseofavailableexperimentaldatafrompublishedsourcesforcombinedwave-currentflows,andgoodagreementbetweenthepredictedandobservedvelocityprofileshasbeenachieved.