简介:首先概述中国木地板的出口贸易状况,着重分析中国木地板出口规模、市场份额、商品结构和主要出口市场,揭示中国加入世界贸易组织以来木地板出口迅速增长的现状。然后利用CMS模型,从需求、结构和竞争力3个维度对2001—2011年中国木地板出口的增长效应及各影响因素的作用强度和变化趋势进行了实证分析。最后得出结论:中国木地板对出口目标市场规模扩大的依赖度较高;对需求增长较快的新型木地板品种、目标市场的贸易集中度较低;中国木地板的产品结构和市场结构未能较好地适应目标市场的结构变化。为了促进中国木地板出口贸易的发展,应该优化出口产品和市场结构,提升产品质量,转变竞争模式,完善市场信息服务等。
简介:CMSphysicistsneedtoseamlesslyaccesstheirexperimentaldataandresults,independentoflocationandstoragemedium,inordertofocusontheexplorationforthenewphysicssignalsartherthanthecomplexitiesofworldwidedatamanagement.Inordertoachievethisgoal,CMShasadoptedatieredworldwidecomputingmodelwhichwillincorporateemergingGridtechnology.CMShasstartedtouseGridtoolsfordataprocessing,replicationandmigration,ImportantGridcomponentsareexpectedtobedeliveredbytheDataGridprojects.likeprojects,CMShascreatedasetoflong-termrequirementstotheGridprojects.Theserequirementsarepresentedanddiscussed.
简介:TheCMSexperimentattheCERNLHCcolliderisproducinglargeamountsofsimulateddatainordertoprovideanadequatestatisticfortheTriggerSystemdesign.Theseproductionsareperformedinadistributedenvironment,prototypingthehierarchicalmodelofLHCcomputingcentersdevelopedbyMONARC.AGRIDapproachisbeingusedforinterconnectingtheRegionalCenters.Themainissueswhicharecurrentlyaddressedare:automaticsubmissionofdataproductionrequeststoavailableproductioinsites,datatransferamongproductionsites,“best-replica”locationandsubmissionofenduseranalysisjobtotheappropriateRegionalCenter,Ineachproductionsitedifferenthardwareconfigurationsarebeingtestedandexploited.Furthermorerobustjobsubmissionsystems.whicharealsoabletoprovidetheneededbookkeepingoftheproduceddataarebeingdeveloped.BOSS(BatchObjectSubmissionSystem)isaninterfacetothelocalcomputingcenterschedulingsystemthathasbeendevelopedinordertoallowrecordinginarelationaldatabaseofinformationproducedbythejoberunningonthebatchfacilitiesAsummaryofthecurrentactivitesandaplanfortheuseofDataGridPM9toolsarepresented.
简介:TheCMSOOreconstructionprogram-ORCA-hasbeenusedsince1999toproducelargesamplesofreconstructedMonte-Carloeventsfordetectoroptimization,triggerandphysicsstudies,TheeventsarestoredinseveralObjectivityfederationsatCERN,intheUS,Italyandothercountries.ToperformtheirstudiesphysicistsusedifferenteventsamplesrangingfromcompletedatasetsofTBytesizetoonlyafeweventsoutofthesedatasets.WedescribetheimplementationoftheserequirementsintheORCAsoftwareandthewaycollctionsofeventsareaccessedforreading,writingorcopying.
简介:OfflineSoftwaresuchasSimulation,Reconstruction,Analysis,andVisualisationareallinneedofadetectordescription.Theseapplicationshaveseveralcommonbutalsomanyspecificrequirementsforthedetectordescriptioninordertobuilduptheirinternalrepresentations.Toachievethisinaconsistentandcoherentmanneracommonsourceofinformation,thedetectordescriptiondatabase,willbeconsultedbyeachoftheapplications.TheroleandsuitabilityofXMLinthedesignofthedetectordescriptiondatabaseinthescopeoftheCMSdetectorattheLHCisdiscussed.DifferentaspectssuchasdatamodellingcapabilitiesofXML,toolsupport,integrationtoC++representationsofdatamodelsaretreatedandrecentresultsofprototypeimplementationsarepresented.
简介:Powerfulmainstreamcomputingequipmentandtheadventofaffordablemulti-Gigabitcommunicationtechnologyallowustotackledataacquisitionproblemswithclustersofinexpensivecomputers.Suchnetworkstypicallyincorporateheterogeneousplatforms,real-timepartitionsandcustomdevices.Therefore,onemuststriveforasoftwareinfrastructurethatefficientlycombinesthenodestoasingle,unifiedresourcefortheuser,Overallrequirementsforsuchmiddlewarearehighefficiencyandconfigurationflexibility.IntelligentI/O(I2O)isanindustryspecificationthatdefinesaunifrommessagingformatandexecutingmodelforprocessor-enabledcommunicationequipment.Mappingthisconcepttoadistribultedcomputingenvironmentandencapsulatingthedetailsofthespecificationintoanapplication-programmingframeworkallowustoproviderun-timesupportforclusteroperation.Thispapergivesabriefoverviewofaframework.XDAQthatwedesignedandimplementedatCERNfortheCompactMuonSolenoidexperiment'sprototypedataacquisitionsystem.
简介:TheCMSgroupsintheUSAareactivelyinvolvedinseveralgrid-elatedprojects,includingtheDoE-fundedParticlePhysicsDataGrid(PPDG)andtheNSFfundedGridPhysicsNetwork(GriPhyN).Wepresentdevelopmentsof:theGriddataManagementPilot(GDMP)software;aJavaAnalysisStudio-basedprototyperemoteanalysisserviceforCMSdata;toolsforautomatingjobsubmissionschemesforlargescaledistributedsimulationandreconstructionrunsforCMS;modelinganddevelopmentofjobschedulingschemesusingtheMONARCtoolkit;arobustexecutionservicefordistributedprocessors.ThedeploymentanduseofthesetoolsatprototypeTier1andTier2computingcentersintheUSAisdescribed.
简介:TheCMSCollaborationof2000scientistsinvolves150institutionsfrom31nationsspreadallovertheworld.CMSsoftwaresystemintegrationandreleasemanagementisperformedatCERN.CodemanagementisbasedonCVS,withreadorwriteaccesstotherepositoryviaaCVSserver,Softwareconfiguration,releasemanagementtools(SCRAM)arebeingdevelopedatCERN.Softwarereleasesarethendistributedtoregionalcenters,wherethesoftwareisusedbyalocalcommunityforawidevarietyoftasks,suchassoftwaredevelopmentdetectorsimulationandreconstructionandphysicsanalysis.Dependingonspecificapplication,thesystemenvironmentandlocalhardwarerequirements,differentapproachesandtoolsareusedfortheCMSsoftwareinstallationatdifferentplaces.Thispresentationdescribesconceptsandreactialsolutionsforavarietyofwaysofsoftwaredistribution,withanemphasisontheCMSexperienceatFermilab,Installationandusageofdifferentmodelsusedfortheproductionfarm,forcodedevelopmentandforphysicsanalysisaredescribed.
简介:OneofthemostchallengingissuesfacedinHEPinrecentyearsisthequestionofhowtocapitaliseonsoftwaredevelopmentandmaintenanceexperienceinacontinuousmanner.Tocapitaliseinourcontextmeanstoevaluateandapplynewtechnologiesastheyarise,andtofurtherevolvetechnologiesarlreadywidelyinuse,Italsoimpliesthedefinitionandadoptionofstandards,whileensuringreproducibilityandqualityofresults.TheCMSprocessimprovementeffortistwo-pronged.ItaimsatcontinuousimprovementofthewayswedoObjectOrientedsoftware,aswellascontinuousimprovementintheefficiencyoftheworkingenviuronment.Inparticulartheuseandcreationofde-factosoftwareprocessstandardswithinCMShasproventobekeytooursuccessfulsoftwareprocessimprovementprogram.WedescribethesuccessfulCMSimplementationofasoftwareprocessimprovementstrategy,followingISO15504sincethreeyears.WegivethecurrentstatusofthemostimportantprocessesfamiliesformallyestablishedinCMS,andprovidetheguidelineswefollowedbothfortooldevelopment,andmethodologyestablishment.
简介:在世界经济大幅度发展的今天,生产性服务业应世界市场不断呈现的新需求,已是服务贸易的重要组成部分,为国家经济的发展奠定重要基础,日益成为各国抢占服务贸易国际竞争制高点的重要一环。中国作为世界贸易大国,积极出台相关举措,重视并优化生产性服务业出口发展,多项技术领先于世界,大幅度缩短与欧美等发达国家之间的差距。尽管如此,我国生产性服务业仍然存在国际竞争力相对较弱,出口结构不均衡,贸易逆差较大,出口规模不足等问题。本文将生产性服务业大致归类为主要的6类,利用CMS模型分析市场规模效应、商品构成变化效应、市场分布变化和产业竞争力效应对2012-2016年中国生产性服务业出口增长的影响,找到存在的问题,并提出建议。
简介:TheCMSregionalcalorimetertriggersystemdetectssignaturesofelectrons/photons,taus,jets,andmissingandtotaltransverseenergyinadeadtinmesspipelinedarchitecture.Thissystemreceives7000calorimetertreggertowerenergieson1.2Gbanddigitalcoppercableseriallinksandprocessestheminalow-latencypipelineddesignusingcustom-builtelectronics.AttheheartofthesystemistheReceiverCardwhichusesthenewgenerationofgigabitethernetreceiverchipsonamezzaninecardtoconvertserialdatatoparalleldatabeforetransmissionona160MHzbackplaneforfurtherprocessingbycardsthatsumenergiesandidentifyelectronsandjets.Wedescribethealgorithmsandhardwareimplementation,andsummarizethesimulationresultsthatshowthatthissystemiscapableofhandlingtheraterequirementswhiletriggeringonphysicssignalswithhighefficiency.
简介:Themulti-tieredarchitectureofthehighly-distributedCMScomputingsystemsnecessitatesaflexibledatadistributionandanalysisenvironment.WedescribeaprototypeanalysisenvironmentwhichfunctionsefficientlyoverwideareanetworksusingaserverinstalledattheCaltech/UCSDTier2prototypetoanalyzeCMSdatastoredatvariouslocationsusingathinclient.TheanalysisenvironnmentisbasedonexistingHEP(Anaphe)andCMOS(CARF,ORCA,IGUANA)softwarethchnologyontheserveracessedfromavarietyofclients.AJavaAnalysisStudio(JAS,fromSLAC)plug-inisbeingdevelopedasareferenceclient.Theserverisoperatedas"Blackbox"ontheproto-Tier2system.ORCAObjectivitydatabases(e.g.anexistinglargeCMSMuonsample)arehostedonthemasterandslavenodes,andremoteclientscanrequestprocessingofqueriesacrosstheservernodes,andgetthehistogramresultsreturnedandrenderedintheclient.TheserverisimplementedusingpureC++,anduseXML-RPCasalanguage-neutraltransport.Thishasseveralbenefits,includingmuchbetterscalability,betterintegrationwithCARF/ORCA,andimportanly,Makestheworkdirectlyusefultoothernon-javageneral-purposeanalysisandpresentationtoolssuchasHippodraw,Lizard.orROOT.
简介:TheCMSIGUANAprojecthasimplementedanopenanalysisarchitecturethatenablesthecreationofanintegratedanalysisenvironment.Inthis"analysisdesktop"environmentaphysicistisabletoperformmostanalysis-relatedtasks,notjustthepresentationandvisualisationstepsusuallyassociatedwithanalysistools.ThemotivationbehindIGUANA'sapproachisthatphsicsanalysisincludesmuchmorethanjustthevisualisationanddatapresentation.Manyfactorscontributetotheincreasingimportanceofmakinganalysisandvisualisationsoftwareanintegralpartoftheexperiment'ssoftware:objectorientedandevermoreadvanceddatamodels,GRID,andautomatedhierarchicalstoragemanagementsystemstonamejustafew.Atthesametimetheanalysistoolkitsshouldbemodularandnon-invasivetobeusableindifferentcontextswithinoneexperimentandgenerallyacrossexperiments.Ideallytheanalysisenvironmentwouldappeartobeperfectlycustomisedtotheexperimentandthecontext,butwouldmostlyconsistofgenericcomponents.WedescribehowtheIGUANAprojectisaddressingtheseissuesandpresentboththearchitectureandexamplesofhowdifferentaspectsofanalysisappeartotheusersandthedevelopers.