简介:选择温带湿润地区三江平原湿地、青藏高原东缘若尔盖湿地和北热带向南亚热带过渡区域的广州红树林湿地,对比分析不同气候条件下湿地生态系统碳源、碳汇特征及其影响因素。研究发现,红树林湿地在固碳速率和固碳潜力方面都要高于泥炭沼泽和苔藓泥炭沼泽。不同气候条件下,湿地的CH4和CO2排放通量有较大差异。在CO2排放通量方面,若尔盖高原湿地和三江平原湿地的排放通量要高于红树林湿地;在CH4排放通量方面,三江平原湿地的CH4排放通量要大于若尔盖高原湿地和红树林湿地。不同气候条件下,湿地生态系统总体表现为碳汇。气候因素在大尺度上影响湿地的碳源、碳汇特征,而水文、植被类型和植株密度等亦是影响不同湿地类型碳源、碳汇差异的主要因素。
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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:本研究在彰化滨海工业区木麻黄(Casuarinaequisetifolia)林下有客土处、无客土处及邻近非造林地进行土壤取样分析,以评估滨海环境通过客土及植栽来改善土壤理化性质的成效.将土壤分成0~10cm、11—20cm、21~30cm、31~40cm分层取样,结果表明:3种土壤均以砂粒含量最高(80%以上);pH值以有客土的林地最低(pH4.80~6.71),显示植物作用明显降低土壤pH值;有机碳含量以林地有客土的土壤最高(0.41%~2.15%),但仍属于极低(〈2%)的等级;土壤全氮方面,同样以林地有客土最高(0.011%-0.075%),但不论林地、非造林地或有无客土之处,土壤全氮含量均低于0.1%;有效磷方面,林地含量明显高出非造林地,应与土壤有机质与pH值等的差异有关;阳离子交换量(CEC)方面,林地有客土的含量为2.06~3.92cmol(+)·kg^-1,林地无客土的含量为1.96~3.14cmol(+)·kg^-1,非造林地的含量为1.56~5.20cmol(+)·k^-1,三者具显著差异但均属极低(〈5)的等级;pH值随土深而增加,有机碳含量、土壤全氮、有效磷以及交换性钙离子皆有随土深而下降的趋势;其余性质则无显著深度差异.综合而言,彰滨林地土壤性质受生物作用影响,在pH、有机碳、全氮、有效磷含量方面有显著改善,但离适合一般植物生长的土壤性质仍远.
简介:利用2001年和2011年相同的347块湿地斑块的野外调查和遥感影像数据,采用3S技术和景观动态定量化研究方法,对新疆南疆和北疆湿地景观格局及其动态进行了定量分析。研究结果表明,南疆湿地面积大于北疆;北疆湿地的分布结构呈较均衡分布;南疆湿地的分布结构呈非均衡分布,北疆的湿地破碎化程度小于南疆;在北疆,在所有湿地类型中,季节性淡水湖的分布面积最大,季节性咸水湖的分布面积最小;在南疆,也是季节性淡水湖的分布面积最大,森林沼泽的分布面积最小。与2001年相比,2011年,在北疆,季节性淡水湖面积减幅最大,在南疆,永久性淡水湖面积减幅最大;全新疆的湿地面积减少了7.47%,其中,北疆的湿地面积增加了2.31%;南疆的湿地面积减少了12.40%。
简介:入境旅游是旅游业的重要组成部分,是旅游产业发展水平的重要体现.当前,福建省经济社会持续发展,改革开放稳步推进,对外经济文化交流日益增加,为福建省大力发展入境旅游带来了新的机遇.本研究选取福州、厦门、泉州、漳州(其入境客源总量占全省入境客源总量的85%)4个城市作为研究对象,主要运用转移-份额(SSM)分析并结合波士顿矩阵法,分析这4个城市的入境旅游客源市场结构、市场竞争力及其总体发展潜力特征,提出优化主体客源市场,做好多样化旅游市场的目标定位;加强旅游市场细分营销,凸显区域竞争优势;深挖城市旅游市场潜力,促进城市之间联动发展等建议.
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简介:Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.
简介:人类对自然界的认识过程总是由浅入深循序渐进的。回顾过去,中国黄土成因经历了从“水成”到“风成”这样一个曲折的认识过程。通过分析黄土成因争论的历程,得到如下启示:1)过去的黄土成因争论源于人们不认识黄土层中的古土壤,因此识别地层中古土壤对重建古地理环境具有重大意义。2)水平层状地层并非都是水平沉积层理,也有可能是古土壤发生层次,具有水平层理的沉积地层则可能意味着在水中沉积形成,而古土壤层则是在地表环境形成。3)古土壤层的特点是古土壤层具有土壤发生层次,因此各层次之间一般呈现为渐变特征。而沉积地层通常具有明显的顶部和底部,显示着截然变化。4)在总结新生代古土壤特点的基础上,重新认识更老地层的古地理环境,发挥古土壤在研究地层成因、重建古气候等方面的作用。
简介:比较了夏季杭州植物园观鱼池人工湿地和西溪湿地的4种植物,鸢尾(Iristectorum)、菖蒲(Acoruscalamus)、美人蕉(Cannaindica)和旱柳(Salixmatsudana)的生理生态差异.测定了植物的光饱和曲线,蒸腾速率(Tr),计算了表观光量子效率(AQY)、水分利用效率(WUE)和呼吸速率(Rd)等生理参数.研究发现,夏季人工湿地植物的生长状态优于西溪湿地的植物,最大光合速率和蒸腾速率都是人工湿地大于西溪湿地,而呼吸速率则是西溪湿地大于人工湿地.人工湿地为净化鱼池水的沙基质结构以及间歇式供水条件在净化富营养化水的同时也为其中生长的植物创造了好于自然湿地的生长环境.
简介:以2003年5月29日福州市LandsmETM+影像为数据源,对2种地表温度空间降尺度算法——EM算法和HUTS算法进行实验、比较与分析,EM算法是利用高空间分辨率的地表比辐射率对低空间分辨率的亮度温度影像进行调节,从而达到提高热红外影像空间分辨率的目的;HUTS算法则是引入了归一化差异植被指数NDVI和地表反照率d,通过在低空间分辨率拟合二者与地表温度LST之间的关系,然后根据其尺度不变性,将该关系应用到高空间分辨率的影像上,从而达到提高热红外影像空间分辨率的目的.研究结果表明:1)2种算法所得结果影像都能在有效提高空间分辨率的同时较好地保持了原始地表温度影像的空间分布特征,达到了较好的降尺度效果;2)以RMSE为定量评价指标,HUTS算法要略优于EM算法,其中,EM算法的RMSE为1.2494,而HUTS算法仅为0.9869.
简介:AstochasticmodelfordailyprecipitationsimulationinChinawasdevelopedbasedontheframeworkofa′Richardson-type′weathergeneratorthatisanimportanttoolinstudyingimpactsofweather/climateonavarietyofsystemsincludingecosystemandriskassessment.ThepurposeofthisworkistodevelopaweathergeneratorforapplicationsinChina.Thefocusisonprecipitationsimulationsincedeterminationofotherweathervariablessuchastemperatureisdependentonprecipitationsimulation.AframeworkoffirstorderMarkovChainwithGammaDistributionfordailyprecipitationisadoptedinthiswork.Basedonthisframework,fourparametersofprecipitationsimulationforeachmonthat672stationsalloverChinaweredeterminedusingdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961to2000.Comparedwithpreviousworks,ourestimationfortheparameterswasmadeformorestationsandlongerobservations,whichmakestheweathergeneratormoreapplicableandreliable.Spatialdistributionsofthefourparametersareanalyzedinaregionalclimatecontext.Theseasonalvariationsoftheseparametersatfivestationsrepresentingregionaldifferencesarediscussed.Basedontheestimatedmonthlyparametersat672stations,dailyprecipitationsforanyperiodcanbesimulated.A30-yearsimulationwasmadeandcomparedwithobservationsduring1971-2000intermsofannualandmonthlystatistics.Theresultsaresatisfactory,whichdemonstratestheusefulnessoftheweathergenerator.