读后续写中高潮处留白的艺术手法浅析

李鸿

留白本是绘画中的一种手法。茅盾先生曾以“蛙声十里出山泉 ”为题请齐白石老人为画，老人只在画纸上点了几只小蝌蚪于两石激流中奔游，留出大块供遐想的空白，使人仿佛听到十里之外的蛙声一片。这是“ 留白”的经典绘画作品。换句话说，留白就是虚实相映，无画处皆成妙境。故事具有开放性、艺术性。我们在写作时可以像其他 艺术形式一样讲究“留白”艺术，创作出“言已尽而意无穷”的无言之美。那节骨眼处的戛然而止，就像浪遇飞舟，唤起的是超越的激情和创造性的想象空间，让读者思维的火花尽情地四处飞溅 。笔者在读后续写的实践中，发现在高潮的塑造时巧妙地运用留白的艺术手法，创作出来的故事可读性更强，画面感更逼真。

在读后续写的实践中，师生们已经达成了共识。那就是在阅读部分，提供的是故事的background和development，如同理科的应用题的题目。在写的部分，留待“写”的应该是故事的climax和ending，这样就形成了一个完整的解答。从“读”的开头到“写”的结尾，浑然一体，格调一致，完整有序。用示意图表示如下：

（示意图1：对高潮的表现说法的普遍认知）

读后续写属于记叙文的写作，一般是一个故事。既然是个故事，那可读性和趣味性就不得不作为一个写作成败的重要考量尺度。借鉴优秀影视和文学作品中的高潮的成功塑造手法，我在读后续写中非常看重作品的可读性和故事性。在实践中，我尝试运用高潮处的留白手法来进行表达。下边分享几个案例。

（示意图2：笔者对高潮的表现手法的认知）

(一)Reading information：故事讲十多岁的Nicholas周日独自在附近的山上滑雪。下午想回家的时候，遭到暴雪袭击，迷失道路。除了一副滑板，身上没有任何可以自救的东西。天色将晚，他努力镇定，造个雪窝避风保暖。晚上，他蜷缩在雪窝中，保存体温，寻求第二天的脱险。我是这样续写的：

Paragraph 1:The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help. Except for the shinning snow, he could see nothing .Hunger urged him to push the snow away with his skiing board and searched carefully for some roots. Luckily, he found some nuts instead of roots. The nuts temporarily relieved his hunger but fright crowded into his mind again. He walked forward in one direction and marked his route with some branches, looking for help. He walked on and on, but still couldn’t find anyone. “Maybe staying where I was is the best way out. Anyway, it’s the top of the hill,” he thought. With the dark falling down, he huddled in the cave to keep his body temperature.

Paragraph 2: On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He daren’t walk far away. So far he had been sick and hungry. “Nobody can find me. I’ll die lonely,” Nicholas thought sadly. He managed to gather some branches from under the snow and together with skis; he spelled a huge “SOS” in the snow. Then the poor guy fainted in his snow cave. Nobody knew how long had passed before a helicopter came to his rescue and rushed him to the nearest hospital.

从作品中可以看出，在高潮的塑造中，层层叠加，先是无法辨认路，饥饿，恐惧，主动出击去找路，天黑，后是生病，饥饿，最后昏迷不醒，把故事引向了迷茫和模糊之中。在虚无之中构造了一个可任意发挥想象的高潮空间。

(二)Reading information：二十年前，作为出租车司机的我，接了一个单，凌晨2:30去接人。原来是一个80多岁的小老太太，她要去临终关怀医院。简单的一个小箱子，并不急着直接去医院，她要求绕行一些地方。了解这些情况后，我默默地关掉计价器，在接下来的2个多小时开车带她默默地转了一些地方。黎明时分，送她到医院，坚决拒收她的钱。老人谢过我，但是看起来很难过。我是这样续写的：

Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. The small old lady shook a little. After a long pause, she let go of me and said, “Thank you, boy. You’re so nice.” A weak smile couldn’t sweep away her sorrow. I was in no hurry to leave and make a living. Instead, I took her arm and we walked slowly towards the hospice, saying nothing .Having finished all the procedures, I accompanied her to her room and sat to talk. She talked about her life, her work and her family. Happy smiles climbed onto her face while she was talking. Seeing the changes, I felt relieved and stood up to say goodbye, promising to visit her the next day.

The next day, I was on my way to visit her. I bought a bunch of fresh flowers, with which I wanted to lift her spirits. When I came to her door, I knocked it gently. But she didn’t come to answer it .I pushed the door open and found her sound asleep. When placing the flowers onto her bed table, I found an envelope for me. Inside it were a key and a note, which read “the taxi fare”. Looking towards the bed, I found she was dead, peaceful.

分析文章可以看出，续写部分紧紧抓住老人的情感态度的变化来写，从上文的sad，到shook a little,到a weak smile到Happy smiles再到最后的was dead, peaceful。文章刻画细腻，画面感强，符合生活实际，具有真实性。在第一段中，出租车司机把能做的能说的基本上都做了和说了。这个过程其实也是高潮一步步拔高的过程。但是，故事还有第二段，写什么？有一种“舞已尽而曲未终”的压力。因此，在 第二段安排高潮处的留白的手法，高潮即为结尾，故事圆满而无冗余之感。

(三)Reading information：　亚瑟一天在去上班的路上，遇到了一件搞笑的事情。当他走到第一国家银行附近的时候，看到一个年轻人焦急地在发动车子，但是车子坏了。亚瑟主动提供帮助。年轻人下车把大的行李箱搬下来，让亚瑟帮忙提到出租车上。这时银行警报声大作，银行发生了劫案，人群迅速聚拢。亚瑟一边提着箱子往出租车走，一边回头望银行张望，不小心迎面撞上一个年轻女士。女士用怪异的目光打量亚瑟和他手中的箱子。亚瑟刚到惊恐，不假思索，拔腿就跑。我是这样续写的：

As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!”All of the attention was drawn to Arthur running with

a suitcase in hand. Arthur was even more frightened, thinking the bank thief would run after him, or even kill him with a gun. He wanted to ask for help from people around but who could believe him. “What should I do?” “Who can believe me? And who can help me?” Arthur had never felt so helpless. Suddenly, a good idea occurred to him. The police could help him out of all the mess. So he forced a taxi stop, threw the suitcase on the back seat, and threatened the driver with a knife. The taxi raced towards the police station with shouts of people and loud noises of alarms around.

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur jumped down with the suitcase. An hour later, Arthur walked out of the police station. The bank robber had been caught on the scene in the bank .However; Arthur had to pay the air ticket because Edward had missed his flight to shanghai.

这篇文章，在“读”的部分已经把故事的前戏（background和development）做足了，续写的部分直接就要进入高潮的刻画。在高潮的刻画中，遵循“紧急的事情慢慢写”的原则，从激烈的场景中转入激烈的心理描写，继而用动作描写的手法把故事进一步推向高潮之外的高潮。同样的，第二段的开头语出现了。写什么？文章开头的funny就给故事定了调子，而且故事写到这里，大概读者也就知道了结局。如何出乎意料而又在情理之中地了结此文，拒接冗余信息而又增强故事的可读性呢？此时，高潮处的留白成为一种需要。

然而，高潮处的留白并不适用于所有的文章。应根据需要和构思的特点使用。要想成功地使用高潮处的留白，background部分和development部分必须做好充分的铺叙，在前边高潮的推进过程中做好严密的对接。在ending部分需要稳妥地托底。读者在读完全文后，前后思维一贯通，略加思考，能够自行脑补出留白的部分。这样做，能让读者主动地创造性地融入到故事中去，留下深刻的印象。