中考试题与不定代词

（陕西澄城韦庄中学 孟宪明）
纵观近年来的中考英语试题，不难发现大多数省、市对不定代词从不同角度都做了考查。本人从教数年， 认为不定代词是英语教学中的难点，且贯穿于教材中。很多考生对此模棱两可，似是而非。鉴于此，笔者仅从 中考试题的考查范围中来谈一下不定代词的运用。旨在对考生有所裨益。

［试题类型一］
1.I have three pens.One is red,____two are black.(’９６河北）
A.another B.other
C.the other D.the others
2.I have two sisters.One is a farmer,____is a driver.（’９６乌鲁木齐）
A.other B.others
C.the other D.another
解题指导：other与another的用法
１．共同点：
它们都有名词和形容词的作用，在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
①I have two pens.One is new,the other is old.（主）
②I have two photos here.You have seen one.Now I'll show you the other.（宾）
③Would you like to have another cup of tea?（定）
２．不同点：
１）other的复数是others，所有格是other's或others'，它可以与定冠词the连用，即the other，指两个 中的“另一个”。还可接复数名词，表示“其余的……”；the others是指一定范围内的“其余的”；others 是泛指“其他的（人或物）”，并没有一定的范围限制。
２）other既可以修饰单数名词，也可以修饰复数名词：another指至少有三个以上的“另一个”，它是由 an和other合并而成，可代替或修饰单数可数名词，也可修饰复数可数名词，且不与冠词连用。
注意：
Ａ．有时在比较结构中，要用other限定比较对象，使意义更为明显。例如：
The room is bigger than any other room in the house.这个房间比房子里的其它任何房间都大。
Ｂ．某人或某物在与同类几人或几事物进行比较时，应用“比较级＋than+any+other+单数名词／any of the other+复数名词”形式。例如：
汤姆比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。
【误】Tom is taller than any boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any of the other boys in his class.
（试题类型一答案：１．Ｃ２．Ｃ）
［试题类型二］
1.There is ____water left in the thermos.
Would you go and get some?（’９６河北）
A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
2.Jack has a few friends in China.（’９６广东）
A.some B.any C.many D.much
3.There are several bottles on the desk.（’９６天津）
A.a lot of B.many C.a few D.few
4.We had____people this year than we had last year.（’９４陕西）
A.little B.less C.few D.fewer
解题指导：little与a little,few与a few的用法
它们在句中都可作主语、宾语或定语。作主语时，谓语动词大多用复数形式。例如：
①Few of them speak English.（主）
②I met few (or a few) of my friends in the park.（宾）
③I have a few friends besides you.（定）
2.little与a little用于代替或修饰不可数名词；few与a few用于代替或修饰可数名词。little和few表示 “不多，几乎没有”，在意义上是否定的，a little和a few表示“虽少但还有一些”，在意义上是肯定的。
注意：
A.a little 可用来修饰形容词、动词或形容词（副词）的比较级。例如：
It's a little cold today.

This is a little better than that.
Will you please speak up a little so that everybody will hear you?（a little 修饰动词speak）
B.在句中出现few或little时，变反意疑问句时应注意，后面的附加问句应用肯定形式。例如：
There is little water in the bottle,is there?
C.Not a few=quite a few（或many）
not a little=much 例如：
There are not a few people in the room.房间里有很多人。
There is not a little time left.还剩下挺多时间。
not a little 用作状语是“很”的意思
He is not a little tired.他很累。
4.few和little都可用作形容词，它们的比较级和最高级分别是fewer,fewest;less,least。
（试题类型二答案：1.A 2.A 3.C 4.D）
［试题类型三］
1.I am____stronger than my sister.（’９６宁夏）
A.very B.quite C.too D.much
2.Mary has six apples.Her brother has three.
She has____apples than he.（’９６湖南）
A.few B.many C.more D.fewer
解题指导：many和much的用法
１．共同点：
它们在句中都可作主语、宾语、定语。有时也可作状语，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用 a lot of ,lots of,plenty of。例如：
①Many of us are from Shanxi.（主）
②—How many English books do you have?（定）
—I don't have many.（宾）
③There is not much water there.（定）
④He has much to do so he can't play football.（宾）
２．不同点：
many用来修饰或代替可数名词，而much用来修饰或代替不可数名词。
注意：A.many作主语时，动词用复数，much作主语时，动词用单数。例如：
Many of us know a little English.
Much has been said.
B.much可用于形容词、副词比较级之前，而many不能。但如果many后修饰more,more代替或修饰可数名词复 数时，前面只能用many，而不能用much。例如：
This classroom is much bigger than that one.
He has many more books than I have.
（试题类型三答案：１．Ｄ ２．Ｃ）
［试题类型四］
1.Neither they nor she has vistied the village.
They____visited the village.She____visited the village____.（’９６宁夏）（改为两个简单句）
2.You don't like the same colours and I don't like them.____（’９６湖南）
A.too B.also C.either D.neither
3.I asked Kate and Mary to come for a talk,but____of them came.（’９６云南）
A.both B.either C.neither D.few
解题指导：neither和either的用法
１．共同点：
１）它们都可用作主语、宾语和定语。
例如：①Neither of the books is good.（主）
②He phoned neither of us yesterday.（宾）
③Neither way is correct.（定）
④I don't think either of them is at home.（主）
⑤Here are two knives.You can take either of them.（宾）
⑥There are shops on either side of the street.（定）
２）Neither和either作定语时，其后的名词都用单数。例如：

Neither book gives the answer.
There are tall buildings on either side of the road.
２．不同点：
neither是表示“两都不”的否定说法，而either是表示“两人或两物中任何一个”的肯定说法。
注意：
A.either作为副词表示“也”，不同于too，also,either通常用于否定句的末尾，too通常用于肯定句的句 末；而also通常用于肯定句和疑问句中，其位置一般用在to be之后，其它动词之前。如：
①Tom has been to Beijing.Mary has been to Beijing____（９６江西）
A.neither B.either C.too D.also
此题应选C。
②She is also a teacher.
③She also likes singing.
④I can't speak French.My sister can't speak French,either.
B.neither作为副词表示“也不”，常常用于倒装句的开头，紧跟在一个否定句后面（当然nor也可以这么 用）。那么，如果是肯定句呢？我们要用so，依然是倒装语句。例如：
I can't sing an English song.Neither can he.
I can sing an English song.So can he.
还应注意neither和so后面的助动词和情态动词其后的主语在人称、时态方面保持一致。
C.neither和either在句中作主语时，谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：
Neither of them knows Japanese.
Either of them knows English.
D.neither本身表示否定，其后不能再用否定式。如：
两个答案都不对。
【误】Neither answer isn't right.
【正】Neither answer is right.
E.either与not连用表示“两者都不”，此时相当于neither。如：
I don't want either of them=I want neither of them.我两个都不想要。
（试题类型四答案：1.haven't;hasn't,either 2.C 3.C）
［试题类型五］
1.There isn't____in today's newspaper.（’９６河南）
A.anything interesting
B.something interesting
C.nothing interesting
D.interesting anything
2.—Haven't you forgotten____?（’９６云南）
—____?Oh.I forgot my bag.
A.anything...Excuse me
B.something...Excuse me
C.something...Pardon
D.everything...Pardon
3.Hello,John!Come here please.I have____to tell you.
A.important something
B.something important
C.important anything
D.important nothing（’９６甘肃）
4.Are there____students in the classroom?（’９６乌鲁木齐）
A.any B.some C./ D.the
5."Mum,Ann's coming tonight.Let's give her____to eat.""Good idea!"（’９６江西）
A.anything nice B.nice anything
C.something nice D.nice something
解题指导：some,something,any,anything的用法
首先，some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句，在句中可作主语、宾语或定语。例如：
①Some are reading,others are writing.（主）
②I have some questions to ask.（定）
③—Have you any French book?（定）
—Yes,I have some.（宾）
其次，some和any皆可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
something/anything与some/any的用法类似。
注意：

A.有些疑问句表示请求、建议时多用some，而不用any。例如：
Will you please give me some paper?
Why don't you buy some bananas?
B.复合不定代词一般不用作定语，可作主语、宾语或表语。如：
Everyone is here.
Something is wrong with your bike.
Have you anything to say?
That's nothing.
C.复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语则往往放在它们的后面。例如：
There is nothing wrong with the machine.
Is there anything important in today's newspaper?
D.复合不定代词都表示单数概念，谓语应用单数形式。例如：
Nobody is absent.
Is anything wrong with your watch?
（试题类型五答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C）
［试题类型六］
1.All the____are ready to run(run).（’９６云南）
2.Of all the____(play) who do you like best?（’９６山西）
解题指导：all的用法
1.all用来指三个或三个以上的人或物（指两个人或事物应用both），它在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、同 位语或定语。当它用作定语时，大多数情况下修饰复数名词，当然也可以修饰不可数名词。例如：
All the teachers were having a meeting when I came in.
That's all for today.
2.all与物主代词、指示代词及定冠词连用时，往往放在它们的前面。如：
All my books are on the table.
Are all the things in the car now?
注意：
A.当all作主语时，表示“整体事物”，其后谓语动词应用单数，表示“所有的人或物”，用复数。例如：
All is ready.
All are welcome.
B.all的对应词为none;both的对应词为neither，当它们作主语时应注意谓语动词的单复数变化。例如：
Both of them were late for school.
Neither of them was late for school.
C.all,both与not连用时并不表示全部否定，而表示部分否定。例如：
All the teachers do not live in this street.老师们并不是个个都住在这条街上。
要表示全部否定，要用它们相对应的词。如：
None of the teacher live(s) in this street.
D.要注意all与both的位置，它们两个都用于动词be之后；实义动词之前。例如：
We are both teachers.
They both stand up.
They have all gone to Shanghai.
（试题类型六答案：1.runners 2.players）＊