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简介：AbstractDecidualization is the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into secretory decidual stromal cells. Human decidualization involves some amount of signaling molecules and pathways as well as genetic reprogramming, which is driven by the postovulatory rise in progesterone levels and local cyclic adenosine monophosphate production. Decidualization extends from the primary decidual zone to the secondary decidual zone, and then exits through apoptosis. Evidences support that decidual fibroblasts function as the pool of decidual stromal cells during pregnancy. Decidualization undergoes an acute inflammatory phase, an anti-inflammatory secretory phase to the final recession phase. The decidualization of the inner layer of endometrium, termed decidua, is the most critical determinant of pregnancy success, which can promote placenta formation, modulate immune tolerance, foster resistance to oxidative stress, sense embryo quality, and control labor. Failure to adequate decidualization in terms of hormones, biochemistry, and immunology leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including diseases such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, premature labor, repeated implantation failures, and some age-related decline in reproductive capacity. The development of animal models and in vitro culture systems combined with emerging technologies provides a powerful system to explore the mechanism of decidualization. However, decidualization is a dynamic, multi-step process, and translating of current research progress into disease predictions and interventions for pregnancy complications remains to be achieved. The study of periodic regeneration and spontaneous decidualization of the endometrium will be beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy diseases.

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简介：ThemainpurposeofthispaperistostudyaproblemrelatedtoGolomb'sconjectures,andgiveaninterestingasymptoticformula.

简介：Therewasasurgeinpublishedresearchrelatedtobarefootrunninginthepast2decades,andespeciallyinthepast5years.Forexample,thenumberofreturnsfor'barefootrunning'inGoogleScholarincreaseddramaticallyrelativetothesearchreturnsfor'running'(Fig.1).'Running'relatedreturnsstartedatabout220,000in1997andpeakedatabout376,000in2007(a0.7timesincrease)andgraduallydecreasedtolessthan

简介：AbstractIntroduction:Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It generally grows exogenously and bone erosion is rare. Here we present a case of verrucous carcinoma on the foot with toe absence.Case presentation:A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-year history of a slowly growing exogenous hyperkeratotic verrucous lesion on the right fifth toe, which had been absent for 1 year. Before the lesion appeared, he had undergone nail extraction on this toe. The culture of fungi and mycobacteria were negative. Three-dimensional computed tomography showed that the fifth toe of the right foot was absent. Histopathological examination showed that the lesion was exogenous and verrucous and exhibited moderate keratinocyte hyperplasia. Combined with clinical manifestation and histopathological examination, verrucous carcinoma is suggested. The lesion was surgically excised, and the patient was followed up for more than 6 months without recurrence.Discussion:Verrucous carcinoma is an exophytic tumor with verrucous growth at the beginning, which can invade deep tissues and even cause limb mutilation. When encountering a patient with a wart-like plaque on the foot that responds poorly to conventional treatments, clinicians should maintain a high degree of clinical vigilance and a low threshold for biopsy.Conclusion:We observed a rare outcome of toe absence associated with verrucous carcinoma. Therefore, early diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma is very important. Surgical excision is an effective treatment at present. Extensive resection is usually required to avoid recurrence.

简介：BuddhahallsandsutrahallsofmonasteriesarewheretheTibetanspaysacrificestothedeities.Inaddition,theTibetanscreatenichesforthesamepurposeathome.

简介：Statisticalapproachesforevaluatingcausaleffectsandfordiscoveringcausalnetworksarediscussedinthispaper.Acausalrelationbetweentwovariablesisdifferentfromanassociationorcorrelationbetweenthem.Anassociationmeasurementbetweentwovariablesandmaybechangeddramaticallyfrompositivetonegativebyomittingathirdvariable,whichiscalledYule-Simpsonparadox.WeshalldiscusshowtoevaluatethecausaleffectofatreatmentorexposureonanoutcometoavoidthephenomenaofYule-Simpsonparadox.Surrogatesandintermediatevariablesareoftenusedtoreducemeasurementcostsordurationwhenmeasurementofendpointvariablesisexpensive,inconvenient,infeasibleorunobservableinpractice.Therehavebeenmanycriteriaforsurrogates.However,itispossiblethatforasurrogatesatisfyingthesecriteria,atreatmenthasapositiveeffectonthesurrogate,whichinturnhasapositiveeffectontheoutcome,butthetreatmenthasanegativeeffectontheoutcome,whichiscalledthesurrogateparadox.Weshalldiscusscriteriaforsurrogatestoavoidthephenomenaofthesurrogateparadox.Causalnetworkswhichdescribethecausalrelationshipsamongalargenumberofvariableshavebeenappliedtomanyresearchfields.Itisimportanttodiscoverstructuresofcausalnetworksfromobserveddata.Weproposearecursiveapproachfordiscoveringacausalnetworkinwhichastructurallearningofalargenetworkisdecomposedrecursivelyintolearningofsmallnetworks.Furthertodiscovercausalrelationships,wepresentanactivelearningapproachintermsofexternalinterventionsonsomevariables.Whenwefocusonthecausesofaninterestoutcome,insteadofdiscoveringawholenetwork,weproposealocallearningapproachtodiscoverthesecausesthataffecttheoutcome.

简介：Schroedingeroperatorisacentralsubjectinthemathematicalstudyofquantummechanics.ConsidertheSchrSdingeroperatorH=-Δ+VonR,whereΔ=d^2/dx^2andthepotentialfunctionVisrealvalued.InFourieranalysis,itiswell-knownthatasquareintegrablefunctionadmitsanexpansionwithexponentialsaseigenfunctionsof-Δ.AnaturalconjectureisthatanL^2functionadmitsasimilarexpansionintermsof"eigenfunctions"ofH,aperturbationoftheLaplacian(see[7],Ch.XIandthenotes),undercertainconditiononV.

简介：ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＤｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｓＲｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏＰａｒｔｉｃｉｐｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｃｉａｌＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙTXＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＤｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｓＲｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏＰａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｃｉａｌＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＢｙＺｕｏＴｉ...

简介：<正>IntroductionDeafnessisoneofthemostcommonotologicdiseasesandamajordiseasethatgreatlyimpactstheChinesepopulation.FromtheSecondNationalSampleSurveyofDisabledPersons,itisestimatedthatthereare27,800,000hearingdisabledpersonsinChina,about2.14%of

简介：AbstractPurpose:Trauma has been called the neglected disease of modern society. According to WHO, fall is the second major cause of trauma or deaths resulting from unintentional accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate the different types of fall according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) in hospitalized patients visiting specialized accident and trauma hospitals of Mashhad, Iran.Methods:This was a cross sectional retrospective study performed between March 20, 2013 and March 20, 2014. The research population consisted of all medical records of patients for fall injuries in three specialized accident and trauma hospitals. ICD-10 was adopted to categorize all types of falls (w00-w19). The results obtained were analyzed by SPSS 16.Results:Altogether 7,448 cases were included. The codes w18 (fall on same level) and w09 (fall involving playground equipment) with the frequencies of 1,856 and 1,303, respectively in both genders had the maximum number of falls. The maximum percentage of mortality has been related to "fall on and from ladder" ," fall from cliff "and "fall on same level involving ice and snow" .Conclusion:As falls can cause irrecoverable injuries including mortality of people, thus health authorities and policymakers should take preventive measures given the causes of falls and the root of this type of injuries, so that the costs resulting from this cause and its injuries can be reduced.

简介：<正>Canadaisafederalcountrywithafederalgovernment,butaccordingtotheConstitutionAct,1867,"inandforeachProvincetheLegislaturemayexclusivelymakeLawsinrelationtoEducation".Educationisundertheexclusivejurisdictionofprovincialgovernments.Thereisnofederalministryofeducation,butthereisaCouncilofMinistersofEducationtoofferprovincialministriesanddepartmentsofeducationtheopportunitytoworktogether.Ineachprovincethereisaministryorde-

简介：InthispaperweprovesomeinterestingextensionsandgeneralizationsofEnestrom-KakeyaTheoremconcerningthelocationofthezerosofapolynomialinacomplexplane.Wealsoobtainsomezero-freeregionsforaclassofrelatedanalyticfunctions.Ourresultsnotonlycontainsomeknownresultsasaspecialcasebutalsoavarietyofinterestingresultscanbededucedinaunifiedwaybyvariouschoicesoftheparameters.

简介：AbstractAspirin, one of the most widely applied medicines, not only possesses the effects on reducing fever, anti-vascular hyperplasia, and anti-inflammation, but also has the capacity of preventing platelet aggregation. So far, it is acceptable to adopt aspirin, especially low-dose aspirin (LDA), to prevent pregnancy-related complications, such as pregnancy complicated by antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, or preeclampsia; unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion; fetal growth restriction; and preterm birth. In this article, we reviewed the possible mechanism of action and applications of aspirin in these pregnancy-related complications.

简介：BackgroundThepurposeofotomicrosurgeryinmoderntimesistoachievecompleteremovalofdisease,whichisthebasisforhearingrehabilitation.Artificialossiclesareimportantforhearingrehabilitation.Oneofthematerialsishydroxyapatitethatactsasossicularreplacementprosthesis(HAprosthesis,PORP&TORP)andiscommonlyusedassubstituteboneinclinics.AlthoughHAprosthesesfeaturegoodbiocompatibility,stabilityandcertainresistancetoinfection,thestructureofthematerialcanbedecomposedandabsorbed.Baseduponanimalexperimentsandclinicalapplication,thisarticleexplorestheinfectivityofHAprosthesesandinfluencingfactors.MaterialsandMethodsHAprostheseswereimplantedinthebullainguineapigs.InfectedHAprostheseswereexaminedunderascanningelectronmicroscope.NinetypatientsimplantedwithHAprostheseswerefollowedformorethan3months.Fivecasesthathadundergonerevisionoperationswerereported.ResultsScanningelectronicmicroscopyshowedthatthenormalcompactstructureshaddisappearedandbecomelooseininfectedHAprostheses,withtheirmicroporesinfiltratedwitheffusion,fibroustissueandinflammatorycells.Asaresult,thenormalceramicstructurewasdecomposedandthemicroporesstructuredisappeared.TheinfectedmesotympanuminthereportedcasesalsoledtoHAinfection.Theshapeandstructureofboneweredestroyed,whichwasvisiblebyvisualexaminationandlightmicroscopy.Theprocessofcholesteatomarecurrencewasalwaysassociatedwithinfection,althoughtheHAprosthesiswassometimesspared.ConclusionWhileHAprosthesisisanti-infectivetosomeextent,long-terminfectionandcholesteatomarecurrencecanleadtodestructionanddecompositionofHAprostheses.Long-terminfectedmiddleearcavity,dysfunctionalEustachiantube,residualandrecurrentcholesteatomaandotherfactorscancausedecompositionofHAprosthesisandresultinhearingloss.

简介：这篇文章介绍黑暗的事的搜索的地位的广泛的评论。开始的八节在黑暗中被奉献给话题物质和它的试验性的搜索，和剩余的到在天体物理学和宇宙论选择了话题，它被打算在粒子物理为学生供应一些需要的背景。节9和13是介绍的宇宙论。三个天体物理学的话题，大巨响nucleosynthesis节10，Boltzmann搬运方程并且都从巨大的粒子节11，和CMBanisotropy节12罐头结冰当合理近似被做时，在分析途径被学习。他们的原来的经分解形式，这篇文章很仔细列在后面到，被粒子物理学家给。黑暗物质是要求及时更改保持当前的一个演变题目。当它出现在出版时，因此如此的一个主题的评论将无疑有一些东西想要。这评论能为想追求黑暗物质的题目的那些研究生形成一个谦卑基础，这被希望。读者能使用广泛的目录看见材料在文章盖住的insomedetails。

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简介：Inthispaper,theL^2-boundednessofaclassofparametricMarcinkiewiczintegralμa,h^pwithkernelfunctionΩinBq^0.0(s^n-1)forsomeq>1,andtheradialfunctionh(x)∈l∞(L^s)(R+)for1

简介：为分析头相关的转移功能(HRTF)的空间对称的方法被建议。HRTF的对称上的解剖结构的影响用在KEMAR人体模型和人的题目上测量的HRTF被调查。结果为KEMAR人体模型显示出那，pinnae破坏在5～6kHz上面的HRTF的前面背对称，当因为耳朵的地点，为人的题目频率把kHz归结为2.5时。而且在低、中部的频率，HRTF是近似左右的对称。当当频率增加，好解剖leftright差别引起的不对称现象出现时。开始的频率和在HRTF的左右的不对称现象的程度依靠个人。分析表明当前的有两耳的模型在是有效的HRTF和频率范围的空间对称的特征。