简介：AbstractImportance:Tics usually start around 4-6 years old and affect about 1% of school-age children. Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that precede tics and are often described as unpleasant feelings. Recent evidence supports a relationship between PUs and tic severity, but reports are conflicting. In addition, there is no report of PUs in the Chinese population.Objective:To investigate the correlation between PUs and tic symptoms in the Chinese population with tic disorders.Methods:We recruited 252 Chinese individuals with chronic tic disorders (age 5-16 years). The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used to assess tic symptoms, and the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) was used to assess PUs. We calculated Spearman correlations between PUTS and YGTSS scores, and constructed a linear regression model to predict the tic symptom severity by PUs.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between PU severity (PUTS scores) and motor tic severity, total tic severity, tic-caused impairment (YGTSS scores) (P < 0.05). PU severity was a significant positive predictor of tic symptom severity (standardized beta coefficient = 0.174, t = 2.786, P = 0.006).Interpretation:We provide evidence for a correlation between PUs and tic symptoms. PU severity predicts tic symptom severity. Further research on PUs is needed to clarify the shared brain mechanism with tics, and their role in tic expression. A suitable tool to assess PUs in younger children is also needed.

简介：AbstractTic disorders (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often first recognized in children and adolescents and is characterized mainly by motor and phonic tics. Drug treatment of TD has been criticized because of serious side effects, and TD treatment emphasizes behavioral psychotherapy. This study reviewed the most common behavioral psychotherapy for TD: habit reversal training (HRT). We examined the contents, variation, curative effects, and premonitory urge control of HRT and other behavioral psychotherapies. The findings suggest that current understanding of HRT is insufficient and further studies are needed. First, studies of online guidance training are needed to implement technology that can help more patients. Second, the future integration of HRT and other technologies is important. Third, imaging techniques could be used to further explore the brain mechanisms underlying HRT. Research on HRT for TD in China is insufficient. We call on more Chinese researchers to study, investigate, and develop technology to promote the development of behavioral psychotherapy for TD in China.

简介：AbstractBackground:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood that warrants effective therapies. Gut microbiota can affect central physiology and function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Therefore, the gut microbiota plays an important role in some mental illnesses. A small clinical trial showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may alleviate TS symptoms in children. Herein, FMT effects and mechanisms were explored in a TS mouse model.Methods:TS mice model (TSMO) (n = 80) were established with 3,3＇-iminodipropionitrile, and 80 mice were used as controls. Mice were grouped into eight groups and were subjected to FMT with feces from children or mice with or without TS, or were given probiotics. Fecal specimens were collected 3 weeks after FMT. 16S rRNA sequencing, behavioral observation, and serum serotonin (5-HT) assay were performed. Differences between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests.Results:A total of 18 discriminative microbial signatures (linear discriminant analysis score > 3) that varied significantly between TS and healthy mice (CONH) were identified. A significant increase in Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae in TSMO after FMT was observed (P < 0.05). Compared with non-transplanted TSMO, the symptoms of those transplanted with feces from CONH were alleviated (W = 336, P = 0.046). In the probiotic and FMT experiments, the serum 5-HT levels significantly increased in TSMO that received probiotics (KS = 1.423, P = 0.035) and in those transplanted with feces from CONH (W= 336.5, P = 0.046) compared with TSMO without transplantation.Conclusions:This study suggests that FMT may ameliorate TS by promoting 5-HT secretion, and it provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of FMT as a treatment for TS.

简介：摘要目的探究联合应用单指数扩散加权成像（diffusion weighted imaging, DWI）、体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像（intra-voxel incoherent motion-DWI, IVIM-DWI）及扩散峰度成像（diffusion kurtosis imaging, DKI）所获各参数对乳腺动态增强MRI Ⅱ型平台型时间-信号曲线（time-signal intensity curve, TIC）病变良、恶性的鉴别诊断价值。材料与方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年1月经病理证实的乳腺TIC-Ⅱ型病变患者病例103例。根据病理结果分为良性组25例（25个病灶）和恶性组78例（78个病灶），测量其病变的DWI参数[表观扩散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC）]、IVIM参数[真实扩散系数（true diffusion coefficient, D）、灌注相关扩散系数（perfusion-related diffusion coefficient, D*）和灌注分数（perfusion fraction, f）]及DKI参数[平均扩散率（mean diffusion, MD）、平均扩散峰度（mean kurtosis, MK）]。使用独立样本t检验比较两组各参数的差异，进一步行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析，运用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic, ROC）曲线及曲线下面积（area under the curve, AUC）分析各单一参数或不同扩散模型联合应用（DWI+IVIM、DWI+DKI、DWI+IVIM+DKI）对乳腺TIC-Ⅱ型良恶性病变的鉴别诊断效能。结果两组ADC值、D值、f值、MD值、MK值差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），D*值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析示D值及MK值为两组鉴别诊断的独立影响因素，以MK值优势比最大，对应AUC为0.871，特异度为88.0%，敏感度为80.8%，准确度为78.6%。各联合模型之间的AUC差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05），以三模型联合的诊断效能最大，对应AUC为0.915，敏感度为92.3%，特异度为84.0%，准确度为86.4%。三模型联合的AUC高于DWI序列（AUC为0.816），差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论DWI联合IVIM及DKI对乳腺TIC-Ⅱ型良、恶性病变具有较好的鉴别诊断价值。

简介：摘要目的探讨基于MRI T2反转恢复压脂(turbo inversion recovery magnitude，Tirm)序列图像灰度共生矩阵纹理特征联合动态增强时间-信号强度(time-signal intensity，TIC)曲线在鉴别乳腺良恶性病变中的价值。材料与方法前瞻性收集经手术病理证实的52例乳腺良恶性病变患者(共64个病灶)的术前MRI资料，并绘制TIC曲线。采用MaZda软件于Tirm图像提取病灶的灰度共生矩阵纹理参数(gray level co-occurrence matrix，GLCM)，比较乳腺良恶性病变参数之间的差异。绘制ROC曲线分析比较GLCM纹理参数、TIC曲线及二者联合对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断效能。结果TIC曲线类型和GLCM参数中能量、对比度、平方和、均和、均差、熵、和熵、差熵在两者间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。纹理参数中，均和的AUC最高(0.765)，敏感度和特异度分别为75.8%、77.4%。TIC曲线的AUC为0.896，敏感度和特异度分别为97.0%、58.1%。GLCM参数联合TIC曲线的AUC为0.959，其敏感度、特异度分别为84.8%、96.8%。结论基于Tirm序列灰度共生矩阵纹理特征联合TIC曲线能明显提高对乳腺病变的诊断效能，可以为术前诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多的影像学参考。

简介：目的缓解胃肠肿瘤术后患者的口渴程度,并提高其口腔舒适度。方法便利选取2018年6月至2018年8月厦门大学附属第一医院胃肠外科胃肠肿瘤手术患者100例为研究对象,根据手术顺序应用随机数字表将患者分为观察组与对照组,各50例。观察组采取“7W(What,Who,Whom,When,Where,Why,How)”口渴管理策略,对照组实施常规护理,比较两组患者术后2h、术后6h的口渴程度及口腔舒适度。结果以数字评分表(NRS)及口腔舒适度评分调查显示,观察组和对照组术后2h口渴(NRS)评分均显示为中度口渴(P>0.05),口腔舒适度均处于中等水平(P>0.05)。对照组术后6h的NRS评分高于术后2h的NRS评分(P<0.05),术后6h口腔舒适度评分低于术后2h口腔舒适度评分(P<0.05)。经过口渴管理后,观察组术后6h的NRS评分低于术后2h的NRS评分,且观察组术后6h的NRS评分低于对照组术后6h的NRS评分(均P<0.05)。观察组术后6h口腔舒适度评分高于术后2h口腔舒适度评分(P<0.05),且观察组术后6h口腔舒适度评分高于对照组术后6h口腔舒适度评分(均P<0.05)。结论实施口渴管理策略能有效缓解胃肠肿瘤术后患者的口渴程度,并提高口腔舒适度。

简介：我院一台日立W950SR型螺旋CT早上开机后,正常扫描,图像出现一个环形伪影,重复多次AIRCAL(空气校正)伪影不能去除.

简介：摘要目的研究纹理分析联合时间-信号强度曲线(time-intensity curve，TIC)对乳腺浸润性导管癌与纤维腺瘤鉴别诊断价值。材料与方法回顾性分析我院经病理学证实的75例女性患者(乳腺浸润性导管癌48例，乳腺纤维腺瘤27例)的MRI图像，分别绘制TIC及使用纹理分析软件中的直方图、绝对梯度、游程矩阵、共生矩阵和自回归模型共5种分析方法，对增强图像上的乳腺病灶进行纹理特征提取，共获得306个纹理特征参数；采用Fisher相关系数(Fisher coefficient，Fisher)、最小分类误判率+平均相关系数(classification error probability and average correlation coefficients，POE+ACC)及互信系数(mutual information coefficient，MI)三种统计学方法，分别筛选出区别乳腺浸润性导管癌与纤维腺瘤的10个最佳纹理特征参数。使用B11程序中的主成分分析法(principal component analysis，PCA)、线性鉴别分析法(linear discriminant analysis，LDA)和非线性鉴别分析法(nonlinear discriminant analysis，NDA)对这10个最佳纹理参数进行降维和分类，计算最佳纹理特征参数下病灶的最小误判率。统计TIC方法、纹理分析方法及两种方法联合下鉴别诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度。结果纹理分析方法以Fisher+NDA或POE+ACC+NDA组合的最小误判率最低(4%)，其筛选出用于建模的10个最佳纹理参数分别为：Fisher+NDA为GeoW1、熵S (5,-5)、相关性S (5,5)、熵S (4,-4)、熵S (5,0)、熵S (5,5)、Teta2、熵S (4,0)、Teta3、熵S (3,-3)。POE+ACC+NDA为GeoYo、Vertl_Fraction、GeoW5b、GeoW4、相关性S (5,5)、Teta1、Vertl_ShrtREmp、GeoNx、GeoAox、GeoX。TIC方法、纹理分析方法及两种方法联合下鉴别诊断的敏感度为87.5%、93.8%、97.9%；特异度为29.6%、11.1%、14.8%；准确度为66.7%、64.0%、68.0%。结论常规MRI平扫与增强的基础上，采用TIC与MRI纹理参数分析可以提高乳腺浸润性导管癌和乳腺纤维腺瘤的敏感度和准确度，其对乳腺纤维腺瘤与浸润性导管癌鉴别诊断具有一定的价值。

简介：摘要目的对比分析两种材料铸造卡环固位力的差异，为临床设计提供参考。方法利用循环疲劳实验系统模拟金合金、钴铬合金两种材料制作的卡环3年使用期，并对此过程中的固位力进行测试。结果所得数据经spss13.0统计学软件分析表明在0.25mm倒凹深度金合金卡环的固位力小于钴铬合金卡环的固位力。两种材料卡环的固位力均随循环次数增加而减小，金合金卡环的固位力变化较小。结论在0.25mm倒凹深度，钴铬合金卡环的固位力大约是金合金卡环固位力的两倍。钴铬合金卡环在0.25mm倒凹深度可以长期保持理想固位力。0.25mm不是金合金卡环理想的倒凹深度。

简介：

简介：【摘要】：目的：探究钴铬合金在口腔修复患者中的应用效果。方法：本院2021年7月至2022年5月收治的口腔修复患者60例，依据简单随机数字表法进行分组，其中对照组30例采取镍铬合金进行口腔修复治疗，研究组30例采取钴铬合金进行口腔修复治疗，对比两组临床治疗效果。结果：治疗前，两组GI、GCD相对比（P＞0.05）；治疗后，两组牙周情况均有所好转，研究组GI、GCD水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗前，炎性因子水平组间比较（P＞0.05）；治疗后，两组炎性因子水平均有升高，研究组MMP-2、IL-1β、IL-6水平均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；研究组并发症发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：钴铬合金在口腔修复患者中的应用效果良好，相较于镍铬合金可以减轻口腔局部炎症反应，减少相关并发症的发生，值得推广。

简介：金属材料是目前临床骨科中应用最广泛的生物材料之一.临床应用的金属材料主要包括:不锈钢、钴基合金、钛合金及记忆合金等[1～2].传统的不锈钢、钴基合金,由于其自身的缺陷,在临床应用中发现存在不少问题,如生物相容性差,组织反应严重;耐磨性差,金属离子溶出,导致金属离子的致敏、致癌反应;弹性模量高,易产生应力遮挡等.近几年来,钛合金以其良好的生物相容性、与骨组织相近的弹性模量及在生物环境下优良的抗腐蚀性,在临床得到了广泛的应用.对Co-Cr合金、不锈钢在临床应用中的主导地位,提出了严重的挑战,并有逐步取代Co-Cr合金、不锈钢内植入物的趋势[1～2].

简介：我们设计的铝合金蟑螂桶借鉴了军事医学科学院制作铝合金蟑螂桶的经验[1],不同和改进之处在于:①加盖,这样防蟑螂逃跑的性能更好。碰到有一天涂了凡蜡合剂的玻璃防逃失效,我们可以马上发现,因为盖上会有蟑螂。我们可以重涂凡蜡合剂,或做清洁或减少蟑螂密度以防止蟑螂逃跑。实际上只要你认真操作蟑螂很难逃出这种蟑螂桶。②四个侧

简介：

简介：摘要探讨A型肉毒毒素联合W改型减张修复面部瘢痕的效果。2011年7月至2016年6月，纳入试验组面部瘢痕患者20例(男8例，女12例，年龄16～39岁、平均28岁)进行W改型联合A型肉毒毒素治疗，另外选择年龄和性别与试验组匹配的对照组20例仅进行单纯W改型缝合，用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对效果进行评估。40例患者均随访，试验组20例均对瘢痕改型效果满意；试验组VAS评分与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，试验组18例VAS评分>9分。W成形术联合A型肉毒毒素减张治疗面部瘢痕效果明显。

简介：摘要航空铝合金是航空制造过程中应用较为广泛的材料，其性能、加工工艺技术对飞行器运行的稳定、安全与可靠存在重要影响。基于此，本文以航空铝合金为研究对象，航空铝合金材料性能要求与材料加工工艺应用进行了简要分析，以供参考。

简介：摘要钛合金质量轻、密度低，具有抗电化学腐蚀、良好的生物相容性、低弹性模量和高强度等优异性能，广泛应用于口腔医学领域。在生物医用金属材料中，钛及其合金凭借优良的综合性能，成为人工关节、骨创伤产品、脊柱矫形内固定系统、牙种植体、牙托、牙矫形丝等医用内植物产品的首选材料。

简介：

简介：摘要：本文首先介绍了自制合金暗扣布袋，其主要内容包括自制合金暗扣布袋的具体情况。文章紧接着阐述了自制合金暗扣布袋的具体应用，其主要内容包括为：共享布袋、自制布袋、高质量纽扣、更为美观的暗扣设计以及临床应用等。

简介：摘要分析了小青煤矿W2701采煤工作面的瓦斯来源和处理瓦斯的方法，提出了几种解决问题的可行性方法，对降低回风隅角瓦斯、保证采煤工作面的正常生产和实现矿井安全的长效机制有着一定的指导意义。