简介:AbstractImportance:Tics usually start around 4-6 years old and affect about 1% of school-age children. Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that precede tics and are often described as unpleasant feelings. Recent evidence supports a relationship between PUs and tic severity, but reports are conflicting. In addition, there is no report of PUs in the Chinese population.Objective:To investigate the correlation between PUs and tic symptoms in the Chinese population with tic disorders.Methods:We recruited 252 Chinese individuals with chronic tic disorders (age 5-16 years). The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used to assess tic symptoms, and the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) was used to assess PUs. We calculated Spearman correlations between PUTS and YGTSS scores, and constructed a linear regression model to predict the tic symptom severity by PUs.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between PU severity (PUTS scores) and motor tic severity, total tic severity, tic-caused impairment (YGTSS scores) (P < 0.05). PU severity was a significant positive predictor of tic symptom severity (standardized beta coefficient = 0.174, t = 2.786, P = 0.006).Interpretation:We provide evidence for a correlation between PUs and tic symptoms. PU severity predicts tic symptom severity. Further research on PUs is needed to clarify the shared brain mechanism with tics, and their role in tic expression. A suitable tool to assess PUs in younger children is also needed.
简介:AnewapproachtothemassiveproductionofTiCwhiskerswithhighpurityandlowcostwaspresented.Itisamodifiedcarbothermalreductionmethod(MCTR)characterizedbyargonstreamflowingverticallyandpassingthroughtheinteriorofthemixtureofrawmaterials.Itisfoundforthefirsttimethatthereisanoptimumflowoftheupwardflowingargonstream,atwhichlargequantityofhighqualityTiCcanbeobtained.Thispaperdescribedthenewmethod,analyzedthemechanismandconditionsfortheformationofhighpurityTiCwhiskersonalargescale,andcomparedMCTRwiththetraditionalcarbothermalreductionmethod(TCTR).Basedontheanalysisandcomparison,itisconcludedthatinordertoproducehighqualitytransitionmetalcarbides,nitridesandcarbonitrideswithlowcostTCTRmustbereplacedbyMCTR.
简介:AbstractTic disorders (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often first recognized in children and adolescents and is characterized mainly by motor and phonic tics. Drug treatment of TD has been criticized because of serious side effects, and TD treatment emphasizes behavioral psychotherapy. This study reviewed the most common behavioral psychotherapy for TD: habit reversal training (HRT). We examined the contents, variation, curative effects, and premonitory urge control of HRT and other behavioral psychotherapies. The findings suggest that current understanding of HRT is insufficient and further studies are needed. First, studies of online guidance training are needed to implement technology that can help more patients. Second, the future integration of HRT and other technologies is important. Third, imaging techniques could be used to further explore the brain mechanisms underlying HRT. Research on HRT for TD in China is insufficient. We call on more Chinese researchers to study, investigate, and develop technology to promote the development of behavioral psychotherapy for TD in China.
简介:采用粉末冶金法制备95W-5(Ni/Fe)合金,研究合金的力学性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察其延性断裂和脆性断裂的断口形貌。结果表明,合金有2种断裂形式,当粘结相与W颗粒界面结合良好时,发生粘结相的延性断裂和W颗粒的穿晶解理断裂,合金的强度和韧性都很高,冲击韧性、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到29J/cm2、883MPa和10%;而粘结相与W颗粒界面结合较差,粘结相不能完全填充于W颗粒之间时,合金表现为脆性,其冲击韧性和抗拉强度分别为4.69J/cm2和596MPa,断裂前不出现塑性变形。对烧结后的95W-5(Ni/Fe)脆性合金在马弗炉内进行热处理(热处理温度为1150~1280℃,用氩气作保护气氛,保温时间0.5~2h)后,由于改变了W颗粒与粘结相之间的界面结合状态,合金断裂行为转变为延性断裂,力学性能大幅度提高。
简介:采用放电等离子烧结法,通过高温压缩性能测试和扫描电镜(SEM)观察,研究粉末制备工艺和烧结温度对W-9.8Ni-4.2Fe合金在800℃下高温压缩性能的影响。结果表明,高能球磨粉末烧结合金的硬度和高温压缩性能均优于混合粉末烧结合金;在1150℃下球磨粉末烧结合金的压缩强度最高,达到1150MPa,但当烧结温度在1050~1250℃范围内变化时,烧结合金的压缩应力应变曲线变化并不显著。
简介:使用扫描电镜观察和分析了滚压不锈钢钢管的成型模具的表面磨损特性和形貌,分析了粘着磨损的形成机理,研究并制备了电刷镀Ni—w(D).MoS2复合镀层修复了已磨损的模具.结果表明,镀层明显改善了模具表面的抗粘着磨损性能,使模具的使用寿命明显提高,并取得了良好的经济效益.
简介:摘要:本文对表面制备高温抗氧化涂层后的Ta10W合金管在1800℃高温下工作时发生氧化破坏的因素通过金相、SEM、EDS等方法进行分析,研究了Ta10W合金管在1800℃高温下工作时造成氧化破坏的相关因素。研究结果发现,造成涂层Ta10W合金管在1800℃高温下工作时发生氧化破坏的主要因素是Ta10W合金管基材表面存在微裂纹,制备涂层时,涂层渗入合金管基材表面微裂纹,在高温下由于合金热膨胀变形,微裂纹处涂层首先破坏造成基体发生氧化。