简介:1声电联合刺激出现背景人工耳蜗植入(cochlearimplantation,CI)手术的研究方向应该与植入者更高的要求一致。世界上有超过一半的语言显著依赖音调,精细听力的缺乏降低了语言的感知能力,植入者无法获得精细听力,如对音调的细微感知能力,便无法同常人一样去欣赏音乐。
简介:<正>AcousticNeuroma(AN)arisesfromtheeighthcranialnerve.Itprimarilyinvolvesthevestibularbranchofthenerveandisthereforealsocalledvestibularschwannoma(VS).Tothedate,diagnosisandsurgicaltreatmentofANhaveadvancedsignificantly.Alongwithadvancesinaudiologyandimagingtechnologies,casesofdiagnosedANhavebeenincreasing,makingitacommon
简介:Thepresentreportsummarizesourexperienceusingendoscopesandneuronavigationaltechniquesasanassistanceinminimallyinvasivetoolinacousticneurinomasurgery.Basedontheexperienceinabout100casesdoneduringthelast5yearsusingtheseadditionaltechniquesthesignificantbenefitbyusingbothtechniquescouldbeprovenasabsolutelyhelpful.Inourpatientcollectiveuntilnownocomplicationscouldbeendetectedregardingtheuseoftheseoptionsaswellastheeffectivenesswasfromveryhighvalue.These,foronehandindetectingresidualtumoraswellasthepossibilityofcontrollingtheresultaftertheresectionusingrigidangledendoscopesandfortheotherhandbytheclearefficiencyinusingneuronavigationalsystemsinplanningandperformingtheapproachaswellasdoingsafetydrillingbyremovingtheposteriorpartoftheinnerauditorychannel.Specialremarksandrecommendationsofthetechnicalequipmentwhichhasbeenusedaregivenaswellaspersonalexperiencesintheoperatingroomsetup.Basedonourresultsandexperiencetheuseofthistwowellknowntechniquesinadditiontowelltrainedmicrosurgicaltechniquescanbehighlyrecommended.
简介:Theacousticstartleresponsehasbeenusedtoevaluatetinnitusandhyperacusisinanimalmodels.Gapinducedprepulseinhibitionoftheacousticstartlereflex(gap-PPI)isaffectedbytinnitusandloudnesschanges.Sincetinnitusandreducedsoundtolerancearecommonlyseeninelderly,wemeasuredgap-PPIinFischer344rats,anagingrelatedhearinglossmodel,atdifferentages:3-5months,9-12months,and15-17months.Thestartleresponsewasinducedbythreedifferentintensityofsound:105,95and85dBSPL.Gap-PPIwasinducedbydifferentdurationofsilentgapsfrom1to100ms.Whenthestartlewasinducedby105dBSPLsoundintensity,thegap-PPIinducedby50mssilentgapwassignificantlylowerthanthoseinducedby25or100msduration,showinga"notch"inthegap-PPIfunction.The"notch"disappearedwiththereductionofstartlesound,suggestingthe"notch"mayberelatedwithhyper-sensitivitytoloudsound.Astheintensityofthestimulusdecreased,theappearanceofthehyperacusis-likeeffectdecreasedmorequicklyfortheyoungestgroupofrats.Wealsotestedscopolamine,amuscarinicacetylcholinereceptorantagonist,andmecamylamine,anicotinicacetylcholinereceptorantagonist,ontheeffectofgap-PPI.Whenscopolaminewasadministered,theresultsindicatednoadditioneffectonthehyperacusis-likephenomenoninthetwooldergroups.Mecamylamine,thenicotinicantagonistalsoshowedeffectsontheappearanceofhyperacusisonratsindifferentages.Theinformationderivedfromthestudywillbefundamentalforthefurtherresearchindeterminingthecauseandtreatmentforhyperacusis.
简介:摘要目的探讨双侧声刺激对小鼠下丘单个神经元兴奋性的影响及其潜在的神经回路。方法给予对侧和同侧声刺激,记录左侧下丘单个神经元特征频率(CF)和最低阈值(MT)。对侧刺激即为右侧单耳声刺激,同侧即为左侧单耳声刺激。设置声刺激频率为CF-对侧,声音幅度为MT-对侧以上10 dB或20 dB,活体全细胞膜片钳技术记录小鼠下丘单个神经元分别对同侧耳、对侧耳声刺激的单侧反应、以及双侧声音同时刺激下的整合反应,比较兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP)的变化。结果共记录到95个双耳兴奋性神经元,在双耳声刺激下可产生抑制、易化和无整合3种不同效应,其比例分别为37.9%(36/95)、21.1%(20/95)和41.0%(39/95)。在抑制组中,单耳对侧-EPSP和双侧-EPSP波幅分别为(12.37±7.3)mV和(6.54±5.1)mV,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对侧-EPSP比较,双侧-EPSP波幅降低21.4%~89.8%,平均降低49.1%。在易化组中,单耳对侧-EPSP和双侧-EPSP波幅分别为(7.32±4.3)mV和(11.77±6.3)mV,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对侧-EPSP比较,双侧-EPSP波幅增高20.8%~179%,平均增高56.8%。在无整合组中,对侧-EPSP与双侧-EPSP的波幅差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论双耳整合可能发生在上橄榄核复合体,双侧下丘间的相互作用可能参与了下丘神经元双耳特性的形成。
简介:<正>1.IntroductionThegoalofthepresentstudywastodevelopnon-in-vasivetechniquesfortheassessmentofvoicedisordersandformonitoringtheeffectsofvoice.However,beforeacous-ticalgorithmscanbeusedinclinicalapplications,itisimportanttounderstandtherelationshipbetweenclinicalperceptionsofvoicequalityandtheacousticmeasuresob-
简介:Thereisgrowingevidencesuggeststhatnoise-inducedcochleardamagemayleadtohyperexcitabilityinthecentralauditorysystem(CAS)whichmaygiverisetotinnitus.However,thecorrelationbetweentheonsetoftheneurophysiologicalchangesintheCASandtheonsetoftinnitushasnotbeenwellstudied.Toinvestigatethisrelationship,chronicelectrodeswereimplantedintotheauditorycortex(AC)andsoundevokedactivitiesweremeasuredfromawakeratsbeforeandafternoiseexposure.Theauditorybrainstemresponse(ABR)wasusedtoassessthedegreeofnoise-inducedhearingloss.Tinnituswasevaluatedbymeasuringgap-inducedprepulseinhibition(gap-PPI).Ratswereexposedmonaurallytoahigh-intensitynarrowbandnoisecenteredat12kHzatalevelof120dBSPLfor1h.Afterthenoiseexposure,alltheratsdevelopedeitherpermanent(>2weeks)ortemporary(<3days)hearinglossintheexposedear(s).TheACamplitudesincreasedsignificantly4hafterthenoiseexposure.Mostoftheexposedratsalsoshoweddecreasedgap-PPI.Thepost-exposureACenhancementshowedapositivecorrelationwiththeamountofhearingloss.Theonsetoftinnitus-likebehaviorwashappenedaftertheonsetofACenhancement.
简介:Gapinducedpie-pulseinhibition(Gap-PPI)ofacousticstartlereflexhasbeenusedasameasurementoftinnitusinanimalmodels.However,whetherthistestissensitivetodetecttinnitusinhumansisstillunclear.Basedonthetestingprocedureusedinanimalstudies,ahumansubjecttestingmethodwasformulatedandconductedtoinvestigateifasimilarresultcouldbefoundintinnituspatients.Audiologicandtinnitusassessmentsandacousticstartlereflexmeasurementswereperformedonseventinnitussubjectsandnineagematchedsubjectswithouttinnitus.TherewasnosignificantdifferencefoundbetweenthecontrolandtinnitusgroupontheGap-PPlacrossthefrequenciesevaluated.Theamplitudeofthestartleresponseinthetinnitusgroupwithnormalhearingthresholdswassignificantlyhigherthanthecontrolgroupandthosewithtinnitusandhearingloss.Thispreliminaryresultsuggeststhathyperexcitabilityinthecentralauditorysystemmaybeinvolvedintinnitus.Therewasnocorrelationbetweenhearingthresholdsandtheincreasedamplitudeofstartleresponse.
简介:目的在考虑声换能器特性的基础上,对磁感应磁声成像的正问题进行研究,并探讨其声源的产生、传播及接收机制。方法参考CT的三维Phantom仿真模型建立磁感应磁声成像正问题的模型,并结合电磁场理论利用有限元软件comsol仿真分析模型内部电导率分布与磁场和磁感应电场的关系,得到模型内部的磁感应电流分布。然后再深入研究声偶极子模型,并检测分析声换能器的特性后,给出相应的仿真声信号检测结果。结果磁感应电流密度在中心位置处为0,在电导率边界处变化较大,声换能器的检测声场分布和声偶极子传播的指向性会极大的影响声换能器接收到的磁声信号的值。结论为磁感应磁声成像实验研究及由声信号重建物体内部的电导率分布提供理论基础。
简介:摘要强迫症是一种临床上常见,病程迁延,且难以治愈的精神障碍。强迫症的治疗方法主要是药物治疗和心理治疗,但部分患者对药物治疗反应不佳。经颅磁刺激是一种无创的神经刺激技术,目前在神经精神疾病有着广泛的应用。经颅磁刺激治疗强迫症的应用正逐渐增多。目前国内外已有研究报道经颅磁刺激能改善强迫症症状并有助于提高其认知功能,但研究的刺激部位、刺激参数、样本大小和刺激时间长短不同,报告的临床疗效多不一致。特别是近几年来,关于强迫症的经颅磁刺激研究在靶点选择、刺激序列、刺激方式等方面有了进一步的探索。重点关注不同的刺激部位对治疗强迫症的临床疗效,为强迫症的进一步干预和治疗提供新思路。