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简介：WintertemperatureinChinaduringthelast500yearswasconstructedbasedonhistoricaldataaboutthefreeze-upevents,theheavysnowandtheagriculturaldamagesbroughtaboutbycoldweathersinEastChina(25°N--35°N,115°E--120°E).Fisrt,thedataaboutthefreezingofriversandlakesandthoseaboutsnowfallinthisregionwerecompiledandevaluatedonthebasisofanordinalscale.Thentheseriesoffreeze-upeventsandheavysnowwereproducedseparatelyandthecombinationoftheseserieswasmadetogenerateaconsistentseriesthatreflectsthechangesinthedegreeofcoldnessinwinterduringthelast500years.Finally,areconstructionofwintertemperaturewascarriedoutataresolutionof10yearsbasedonacalibrationofaregressionbetweenrecenttemperatureobservationsandthecoldwinterseriesconstructed.

简介：为测地学的应用研究VLBI的潜力的意思被总结。并且观察模型和他们测地学的兴趣的相关参数被调查。然后，在VLBI数据处理使用随机的模型的原则和方法被调查。与从2000鈥?的全世界的VLBI数据004，计算测地学的兴趣的参数的条件被介绍，那么是计算方法和进程。并且测地学的兴趣的参数的计算结果被分析。

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简介：在Bashang区域的自然条件被容易被自然灾难影响并且加强了人的活动的带的转变描绘。极其易碎的eco环境也是容易的把desertification形成并且发展。在从1978～1996的18年里，在地图的范围以内的Bashang的desertified陆地区域将近加倍，2199.11km的全部的增加，每年平均122.17km2的增加。而且，严重，desertified区域很快增加。在Bashang的陆地desertification是自然因素和荒谬的人的经济活动的联合结果。栽培陆地扩大，人口生长，和过度放牧的aggrevatedesertification开发。

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简介：Amethodofestimationofoccurrenceprobabilityofearthquakeintensityatagivensitefromtheresultsofaten-yearscaleofearthquakepredictiondescribedwithaprobabilityofoccurrenceinagiven"predictioncell"isproposedinthispaper.2316citiesandtownsinChinawereanalyzedbyusingthismethod.TheprobabilityofintensityⅥ-Ⅸweregivenforeverycity.Theseresultscanbeusedfortheearthquakeinsurance,lossestimation,andplanningofdisasterprotection.

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简介：1.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐａｓｔ15ｙｅａｒｓｔｈｅｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏｍａｋｅｍｕｌｔｉ-λλｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｅｎｅｒｇｙｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｅｒｓｏｆＡｃｔｉｖｅＧａｌａｘｉｅｓｈａｓｓｕｐｐｌｉｅｄＡｓｔｒｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓｗｉｔｈａｖｅｒｙｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｎｅｗｔｏｏｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｏｂｊｅｃｔｓ.ＭｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｒｉｖｅｎｂｙｔｈｅｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓａｖａｉｌａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆＳｐａｃｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅγ-ｒａｙ,Ｘ-ｒａｙ,ＵｌｔｒａｖｉｏｌｅｔａｎｄＩｎｆｒａｒｅｄｄｏｍａｉｎ.Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｍｕｌｔｉ-λλｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙａｒｏｕｎｄｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｌｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｔｈｉｓｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎａｌｔｏｏｌｈａｓｎｏｔｂｅｅｎｆｕｌｌｙｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄｕｎｔｉｌｉｔｂｅｃａｍｅｃｌｅａｒｔｈａｔｍｏｓｔｏｂｊｅｃｔｓ(ａｌｓｏｏｆｃｏｓ...

简介：这份报纸详细在全球温暖在的背景下面在中国分析表面湿度变化的特征最近由使用国家气象学的信息编的观察数据的50年中国集中。结果揭示那(1)随温度的增加，特定的湿度(qs)基本上显示出的表面浸透指数的生长，根据Clausius-Clapeyron方程。在冬季的全国平均的弄湿率显然是不到年度平均的率和夏天评价。在在中国的不同区域的qs趋势有一些地区性的差别。例如，在中国的中央、东方的部分的qs在夏天展出一个减少的趋势，与在这些区域的温度的变弱的趋势一致；(2)除了在东方中国的华南和Jianghuai区域的部分，一致地增加的趋势年度并且特定的湿度(q)在大多数中国被发现的冬季，特别在西方的中国。在夏天，除了在Qinghai西藏的高原上的东北中国，西北中国，和一些区域的部分，减少并且弄干的趋势在大多数中国是重要的，它不与全球吝啬的状况一致；(3)在大多数中国的表面亲戚湿度(RH)显示出一个减少的趋势。为RH的减小的主要原因之一是q的增加的率是比qs的那些小的。尽管如此，在中央、东方的中国的RH的向上的趋势在夏天主要由于在这些区域的冷却温度和升起的q被观察，导致更多的降水。从大约2003左右，当q严厉地在中国的大多数部分减少了时，qs显著地增加了；因此，RH在很大程度上减少了。这可以是仔细与在中国在的干旱区域的坚持的生长有关最近10年。

简介：ＴＨＥＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＯＦＡＧＲＯＣＬＩＭＡＴＩＣＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＡＮＤＣＲＯＰＹＩＥＬＤＯＦＣＨＩＮＡＩＮＲＥＣＥＮＴ４０ＹＥＡＲＳＧａｏＳｕｈｕａ（高素华）ａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＹｕ（张宇）ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＡｇｒｉ...

简介：Dailysnowdatafor2300climatestationscoveringtheperiodfrom1951through1980havebeenusedtomonitoranddiagnosesecularvariations,year-to-yearfluctuations,andthespatialcharacteristicsofsnowvariationtrendsinChina.AnexaminationoftimeseriesrevealsthatthereisastrongteleconnctiontoENSO,tomajorvolcaniceruptions,aswellastotheCO2-inducedwarming.Thecountry-widesnowmassvariationsarepositivelycorrelatedwithglobalmeantemperature,increasingduringthecurrentwarmingperiodanddecreasingduringtherecentcoolingperiodpriortothemid1960s.AsynchronousrelationshipexistsbetweenElNino/SouthernOscillationandsnowywinterinChina.Theyear-to-yearsnowfluctuationsseemtobegenerallyoutofphasewithvolcanicactivity.Theanomalymapshowsthatsnowmassincreasedinhighaltitudesandmoistregions,whileitdecreasedinaridlowlandandthesouthernbounda-ryzoneduringthewarmingperiod.ThepotentialCO2-inducedchangesinsnowmasswillfurtheraggravatetheregionaldifferentiationbetweenhighmountainsandlowlands,betweenmoistandaridregions.Thenumberofsnowcoverdayswilldecreaseinthenorthernlowlands,andsnowfallwillincreaseintheQinghai-XizangPlateau,highmountains,andthelowerreachesoftheChangjiang（Yangtze）River.

简介：ＡＮＯＶＥＲＶＩＥＷＯＮＴＨＥＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＯＦＳＯＭＥＡＳＰＥＣＴＳＯＦＡＴＭＯＳＰＨＥＲＩＣＳＣＩＥＮＣＥＳＩＮＣＡＭＳＤＵＲＩＮＧＬＡＳＴＦＩＶＥＹＥＡＲＳＣｈｅｎＬｉａｎｓｈｏｕ（陈联寿）ＡＮＯＶＥＲＶＩＥＷＯＮＴＨＥＲＥＳ...

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简介：ThewestsandylandoftheNortheastChinaPlainislocatedintheeasternhugesandybeltofmid-latitudeinEurasiaandtheeasternfringeofdesertifiedlandwithbestbio-climaticconditionsinChina.Withrapideconomicdevelopment,thedeteriorationofeco-environmenthasoccurredandthedesertificationbecomesveryobvious.Thefirstpartofthispaperstudiestheregionaldifferencesoflandscapepatternsandexplorestheregionaldifferencesofdesertification.Thesecondpartaimstorevealthedynamicsofdesertificationinthe1990sbyusingNOAA/AVHRRdataandthematicdatainGISdatabase.Thisworklaysascientificbasisfortherehabilitationanddevelopmentofthesandylands.

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简介：BasedonChina'smonthlyprecipitationdatafrom1950to2000andbyusingtheZ-index,4categoriesoffloodwereestimated.VariationandchangeoffloodinSouthChinawereanalyzedintermsofpercentageareasofflood.ThisstudyrevealsthatfloodareasinSouthChinahadaslightlydecreasingtrendinthelatest50years.Duringthewinterhalfyear,however,itdisplayedanincreasingtrend,especiallysincethe1990's.ItisalsofoundthatfloodareasdecreasedduringthesummerhalfyearfromApriltoSeptember,butincreasedduringsummer,especiallysincethe1990's.Intheannuallyfirstseasonofprecipitation,thefloodareahasadecreasingtrend,butithasastronglyincreasingtrendintheannuallysecondseason.Thegradualwettrendduringthewinter-halfyearresultsinwetterclimateconditionforSouthChina,whichwillbemorefavorableforspreadingsomeoftheepidemicpathogenicbacterium,cropdiseasesandinsectpests.

简介：Ananalysisofhigh-resolutionprecipitationdatafor1978-2006indicatesthattheprecipitationoversouthernChinainJuneexperiencedalow-valueperiodin1980-1989andahigh-valueperiodin1992-2001.Italsorevealsthatexceptionalheavy(light)precipitationoccurredinJune2005(2004)since1951.Forthesevariationsonbothinterdecadalandinterannualtimescales,fairlyuniformanomaliesofprecipitationappearedoverVietnam,southernChina,andsoutheasternChina.Correspondingtopositive(negative)precipitationanomalies,anomaloussoutheasterly(northwesterly)flowat850hPareachedVietnamandanomaloussouthwesterly(northeasterly)flowexpandedtothecoastalregionsofsouthernandsoutheasternChina.Precedenttothepositive(negative)precipitationanomaliesduring1992-2001(1980-1989),positive(negative)anomaliesofseasurfacetemperatureappearedovertheextratropicalnorthwesternPacificinthewinterandspringseasons,associatedwithastrong(weak)extensionofthewarmKuroshioCurrentthataffectsthecoastalregionofeasternChina.Theabove-normalprecipitationinJune2005wasassociatedwiththepseudo-ENSOeventinthepreviouswinter,andthebelow-normalprecipitationinJune2004wasassociatedwithnegativeanomaliesofseasurfacetemperatureovertheequatorialcentralPacificandpositiveanomaliesovertheequatorialwesternandeasternPacific.