简介：目的分析常年性变应性鼻炎的狗、猫上皮变应原皮肤点刺试验的阳性结果，对其他气传变应原的反应性，并进一步探讨环境接触与其相关性。方法总结1022例常年性变应性鼻炎患者采用阿罗格叶7种气传变应原标准化试液进行的皮肤点刺试验；分析狗、猫上皮变应原的皮试结果及合并其他气传变应原阳性的比例；并根据是否有环境接触分类，比较各组在阳性率分布上的差异。结果常年性变应性鼻炎中狗上皮变应原皮试阳性占13．80％，猫上皮阳性占6．95％；且98％以上合并其他气传变应原阳性，尤以合并粉尘螨、屋尘螨阳性居多。其中21．93％和26．32％环境接触狗／猫的变应性鼻炎相应狗／猫上皮变应原皮试阳性；无环境接触组的阳性率分别为12．78％和6．58％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论常年性变应性鼻炎的狗上皮及猫上皮的阳性率位居前列，其中绝大多数合并其他气传变应原阳性。鉴于环境接触对狗、猫上皮过敏的高危险性，变应性鼻炎患者应该尽可能地避免饲养、接触宠物。

简介：目的动态观察家猫视神经损伤后的视觉诱发电位波形改变，探讨检测视神经损伤的检测指标。方法选择成年家猫6只，在鼻内镜下经左侧鼻腔筛蝶窦进路用自制视神经损伤器损伤左侧视神经管以建立外伤性视神经病（traumaticopticneuropathy，TON）模型，以右侧为对照观察瞳孔变化，检测图形翻转视觉诱发电位（pattern-reversalvisualevokedpotential，PR-VEP）的变化。结果损伤后有1只猫出现Marcus—Gunn黑朦强直性瞳孔，5只双侧对光反应无明显差异；PR-VEP监测显示致伤后P100振幅降低，潜伏期延长；术前及术后1h、1d、3d、1周P100平均振幅分别为：8．38，7．22，6．33，5．15，2．89μV，平均潜伏期分别为：84．43，95．50，118．90，124．87，140．50ms；2周以上图形近似一条直线，无明显的振幅、潜伏期可测。其中1d以上的振幅、潜伏期与1d以内的相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论Marcus—Gunn氏黑朦强直性瞳孔不适宜作为TON动物模型观测的指标；PR-VEP可以作为检测建立TON动物模型损伤有效的指标；由该模型推论出视神经损伤1d以上的电生理变化基本是一致的，只有量和度的不同，外科干预应越早进行越好（中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志，2008，8：9．11）

简介：AIM:Toexaminethemechanismofthedevelopmentofpseudoexfoliation(PSX)syndromeviabothcytokineformationandendothelialvasorelaxingandgrowthfactorsthatwillprovideusnewtherapeuticinsightsforthetreatment.METHODS:Thisisacrosssectionalstudyincludedtwogroups;Group1:controlpatientswithnuclearcataract(n=20,aged51-80years).Group2:PSXpatientswithnuclearcataract(n=18,aged50-90years).Patientswithotherophthalmicproblemsandsystemicdiseaseswereexcluded.Vascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF),interleukin-6(IL-6)andinterleukin-1β(IL-1β)andnitrotyrosinelevelsweredeterminedthroughserumsamplesbyEnzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)method.Nitrite-nitratelevelsweremeasuredwithphotometricendpointdetermination.RESULTS:Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthegroupsintermsofage,VEGF,IL-1β,nitrite-nitrateandnitrotyrosine.ThesignificantresultswerethemeanIL-6levelsthatwerehigherinPSXgroup2(37.68±29.52pg/mL)comparedtothatincontrolgroup1(15.32±10.08pg/mL)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:SeveralinteractingandextendingbiochemicalpathwaysmayleadtothepromotionofVEGFandIL-6expressions.IL-6whichistheonlyalteredmarkerinourstudymayindirectlycauseanincreaseofvascularpermeabilityandneovascularization.WesuggestinflammationasafactorthatcanbeinvolvedinetiopathogenesisofPSX.

简介：AIM:Topresentretinalmicrostructure,metabolismandfunctionabnormalitiesinthecourseofmultipleevanescentwhitedotsyndrome(MEWDS)byHeidelbergspectralismodalityimagingplatformandobserveitsoutcomebyEDI-SD-OCTandtwowavelengthautofluorescence.METHODS:Acaseofmultipleevanescentwhitedotsyndromeina23-year-oldfemalepresentedinitiallywitha15-dayhistoryoffloatersandacentralscotomaintherighteye.Toestablishthediagnosis,multimodalityimagingwasperformed,namely,bluelight-fundusautofluorescence(BL-FAF,excitation488nm,emission>500nm),near-infraredfundusautofluorescence(NIR-FAF,excitation787nm,emission>800nm)usingaconfocalscanninglaserophthalmoscope,fundusfluoresceinangiography(FFA),indocyaninegreenangiography(ICGA),spectrum-domainenhancedepthimagingopticalcoherencetomography(SD-EDI-OCT),multifocalelectroretinography(mf-ERG)andfundusphotograghwereperformedandfollowedupattheeighthmonthafterinitiallyvisiting.RESULTS:Opticalcoherencetomography(OCT)showedatransientdisruptionofthefovealphotoreceptoroutersegmentsincorrespondencetofovealgranularity.NIR-FAFshowedhypoautofluorescentareas,≤40μminsize,mostlyconcentratedaroundtheposteriorpoleanditstemporalsidelessthanthatinBL-FAF.Mf-ERGshowpinnacledisappearedinfoveaandmaculaandresponsesdecreasedmarkedlycomparedwiththefolloweye.Attheeighthmonthfollowup,hyperfluorescenceinBL-FAFweredisappear,while,NIR-FAFHypofluorescentspotsinearlystageofsuchlesionwerereduced.ButOCTdemonstratedthestructurewasrecoveredinresidualHypofluorescentareainNIR-FAF.Thesubfovealchoroidalthicknesswasdecreasedfrom372μmto307μmslightlyandcostlinewasrecovered.CONCLUSION:MEWDSisabenignself-healingdiseaseandthereisnopathologicalevidencetoinvestigatethenaturalcourseofsuchdisease.SD-OCTallowshighlydetailedimagesapproachinghistopathologytocertifythemicrostructura

简介：AIM:ToevaluatethecornealendothelialcelldensityandmorphologyinChinesepatientswithpseudoexfoliationsyndrome(PEX).·METHODS:Medicalrecordsof16patients(20eyes)withPEXwhopresentedtoourinstitutionbetweenJuly2008andJune2010wereretrospectivelyreviewed.Thirteeneyeshadcombinedglaucoma.Theinformationoffiveapparentlynormalfelloweyesinthesepatientswasalsorecorded.Lefteyesof20patientswithbilateralsenilecataractsbutnoothereyediseasewereincludedascontrols.Specularmicroscopywasperformedinalleyestoanalyzeforcornealendothelialcelldensityandmorphology.Celldensity,coefficientofvariationincellsize,andpercentageofhexagonalcellsincornealendotheliumwereevaluated.·RESULTS:ThemeancornealendothelialcelldensityinthePEXeyeswas2298±239cells/mm2,significantlylowerthanthatinthecataracteyes(2652±18cells/mm2,P=0.026),buttherewerenosignificantdifferencesincoefficientofvariationofcellsizeandfrequencyofhexagonalitybetweenthesetwogroups.NosignificantdifferencesinthethreeparameterswerefoundbetweentheapparentlynormalfelloweyesandthePEXeyesorthecataracteyes,orbetweenthePEXeyeswithandwithoutglaucoma.·CONCLUSION:CornealendothelialcelldensitymaydecreaseinChinesepatientswithPEX.ThedevelopmentofglaucomainPEXeyesdoesnotseemtoberelatedwiththechangeincornealendothelialcelldensityormorphology.

简介：<正>在文献中对白内障手术和人工晶体(IOL)植入后的炎性反应、IOL前纤维样膜形成的机理及引起继发性青光眼的原因已有详细的报道,但未提及由纤维样膜堵塞房角并可引起难以降低的高眼压。1993年以来我科在白内障囊外摘除和人工晶体植入术后的病例中,先后观察到13眼因房角膜性堵塞引起的高眼压,它们的临床表现不同于通常白内

简介：目的：观察波前像差引导LASIK与波前像差优化LASIK对全眼高阶像差在0.3滋m以下近视散光眼的疗效差异。方法：前瞻性病例系列研究。收集在我院就诊拟行LASIK手术的近视散光患者30例60眼。每位患者随机选取一眼接受波前像差引导的LASIK,对侧眼接受波前像差优化的LASIK。术后6mo观察患者的视力、屈光度、全眼高阶像差及暗光下对比敏感度。采用配对样本t检验和字2检验进行统计学分析。结果：术后6mo,波前像差引导组与波前像差优化组分别有93%及90%的术眼裸眼视力逸5.0,两组术后等效球镜值在±0.50D范围内的比例分别为87%及83%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组术后均未出现最佳矫正视力丢失2行或以上的情形。两组术后总高阶像差、球差、彗差均较术前增大（P〈0.01）,但增幅在两组间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。两组术后6mo暗光下对比敏感度在各个空间频率均恢复至术前水平,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：对术前全眼高阶像差小于0.3滋m的近视散光眼,波前像差引导LASIK与波前像差优化LASIK对术后视力、屈光度、全眼高阶像差及对比敏感度的影响无明显差异。