简介：Someopticalprobesbasedonlightextinctionhavebeendevelopedtomeasurewetnessdominatedwithfimedropletsinsteamturbine.However,coarsewaterdroplets(hereafterreferredtoasCWD)thatarethemaincauseoferosionofbladeandofwetnesslossofsteamturbinecan'tbedetentedbytheextinctionprobesbecauseofitslargesize.Inthispaper,anewmethod-thelightfluctuationmethodispresentedthatiscapableofmeasuringthesizeofCWD.AnewprobebasedonthismethodwasdevelopedformeasuringthesizeofCWDaswellasitsvelocityandconcentration.

简介：Inthispapertheeffectsofthecondenserdesignparameters(suchasturbineinletcondition.turbinepowerandcondenserpressure)onheattransferarea,coolingwaterflow-rate.condensercostandspecificenergygenerationcostarestudiedforsurfacetypecondenser.Theresultsaregiveninthetextandalsoshownasdiagrams.

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简介：Inthispaper,animprovementofheatingmethodformeasuringwetnessoftheflowingwetsteamisdeveloped,thebasicprincipleoftheheatingmethodispresentedandthemathematicalmodelhasbeenbuiltforanalyzingthethermodynamicsproblemsduringtheprocessofheating,Moreover,aninstrumentformeasuringwetnessofwetsteamflowwasdesignedandmadeout.ThisinstumenthasbeenusedformeasuringwetnessofthewetsteamflowattheoutletofthenozzleriginThermalTurbineLaboratory,Xi'anJiaotongUniversity,Byanalyzingtherelativeerroroftheresult,itwasfoundthatthisinstrumenthasfairlyhighaccuracy,itcanbeusedastheprototypeofpracticalinstrumentandhasanimportantapplicablevalueinengineering.

简介：Anewdual-fluidmodelconsideringphasetransitionandvelocityslipwasproposedinthispaperandtheCunninghamcorrectionwasusedinthedropletresistancecalculation.Thisdual-fluidmodelwasappliedtothenumericalsimulationsofwetsteamflowina2DLAVALnozzleandintheWhitecascaderespectively.Theresultsoftwosimulationsdemonstratethatthemodelisreliable.Meanwhile,thespontaneouscondensingflowinWhitecascadewasanalyzedanditinfersthattheirreversiblelosscausedbycondensationaccountsforthelargestshare(about8.78%ofinlettotalpressure)intotalpressurelosswhilethelosscausedbyvelocitysliptakesthesmallestshare(nearly0.42%),andanotherpartoftotalpressurelosscausedbypneumaticfactorscontributesalesssharethancondensation,i.e.almost3.95%ofinlettotalpressure.

简介：Anexperimentalstudyofheattransfercharacteristicsinsuperheatedsteamcooledrectangularchannelswithparallelribswasconducted.Thedistributionoftheheattransfercoefficientontherib-roughedchannelwasmeasuredbyIRcamera.Theblockageratio(e/Dh)ofthetestedchannelis0.078andtheaspectratio(W/H)isfixedat3.0.Influencesoftheribpitch-to-heightratio(P/e)andtheribangleonheattransferforsteamcoolingwereinvestigated.Inthispaper,theReynoldsnumber(Re)forsteamrangesfrom3070to14800,theribpitch-to-heightratioswere8,10and12,andribangleswere90°,75°,60°,and45°.Basedonresultsabove,wehaveconcludedthat:Incaseofchannelswith90°tranverseribs,forlargerribpitchmodels(theribpitch-to-heightratio=10and12),areaswithlowheattransfercoefficientinfrontofribislargeranditsminimumislower,whilethepositionoftheregionwithhighheattransfercoefficientnearlyremainsthesame,butitsmaximunofheattransfercoefficientbecomeshigher.Incaseofchannelswithinclinedribs,heattransfercoefficientsonthesurfacedecreasealongthedirectionofeachribandshowanapparentnonuniformity,consequentlytheregionswithlowNusseltnumbervaluescloselyfollowingeachribexpandalongtheaforementioneddirectionandthatofrelativehighNusseltnumbervaluesvaryinversely.Forasquarechannelwith90°ribsatRe=14800,widerspacingribconfigurations(theribpitch-to-heightratio=10and12)giveanarea-averagedheattransferontherib-roughenedsurfaceabout8.4%and11.4%morethanP/e=8model,respectively;forinclinedparallelribswithdifferentribanglesatRe=14800,thearea-averagedheattransfercoefficientsof75°,60°and45°ribbedsurfacesincreaseby20.1%,42.0%and44.4%incomparisonwith90°ribanglemodel.45°anglerib-roughenedchannelleadstoamaximalaugmentationofthearea-averagedheattransfercoefficientinallresearchobjectsinthispaper.

简介：与自发的冷凝作用，试验性的确认和流动基于二阶段的湿蒸气流动嘴和2D串联上的分析被执行。3D平均Reynolds的煤气液体的二阶段的流动控制方程解答者与k被探索--kp骚乱模型。而且，3D流动蒸气汽轮机的最后舞台定子上的数字模拟被执行。结果证明片吸表面上的突然的压力上升被微滴生长主要在冷凝作用流动引起。冷凝作用位置在串联经过越向后，从冷凝作用的突然的压力上升是越少，并且越多更大成核率是，下面凉下来的最大值和微滴的数字每统一体积是。冷凝作用波浪和冲击波的相互作用在片串联插头的参数上强加了更大的影响。

简介：四阶段的、高速度的吝啬的半径流动路径的一个原型模型1台MWe轴的蒸气汽轮机被使用进化算法优化，DE(微分进化)在这种情况中的算法。另外，优化的cost-benefits被检查。优化成功地被执行，但是优化的精确性是稍微不到当与控制相比当模特儿与CFD(计算液体动力学)执行了时，希望了。因为问题，提及的不确几乎不能与包含半实验的计算的起始的专横并且无常被避免了有关功能的资格的绝对区域。因为，这种代数学的建模为优化的成功是必要的不能在优化的每步上例如CFD计算被做了。在优化期间，一些问题与计算机能力的足够并且与发现将在算术地许可的边界以内保留算法，但是不太多限制优化的进步的一个合适的答案发生了。这些问题的其余部分由于应用程序和问题的新奇与正确当处理函数的资格的区域时。尽管优化结果的精确性不确切根据目的，他们确实在设计汽轮机上有有利效果。在DE算法的帮助下执行的优化得到了更多从意味着大约150的汽轮机驱动的最不大约3.5%000每在另外的电电容形式的汽轮机本利。

简介：Thesorption-enhancedsteamreformingprocessofmethanol(SESRP-MeOH)toproducehigh-purityH2wasthermodynamicallyandexperimentallystudied.ThermodynamiccalculationsshowedthatataCO2adsorptionratioof95%,productgascontains98.36%H2,32.8ppmCOundertemperatureof130°Candsteam-to-methanol(S/M)molarratioof2.However,withoutadsorption-enhanced,theproductgascontainsnearly74.99%H2with24.96%CO2and525ppmCO.Toverifythethermodynamiccalculationresults,experimentswereperformedinafixed-bedreactorloadedwithcommercialCuO/ZnO/Al2O3methanolreformingcatalystand22%K2CO3-promotedhydrotalciteasCO2adsorbent.Experimentalresultsshowedthat99.61%H2couldbeobtainedbySESRP-MeOHatreactiontemperatureof230°CandS/Mof2.UnderthesameCH3OHconversion,thereactiontemperaturedecreasedbyalmost50°CandH2concentrationincreasedofmorethan20%usingSESRP-MeOHcomparedwithsolelysteamreformingofmethanol.Thecharacterizationoftheadsorbentandcatalystshowedthattheadsorbentshowedgoodstabilitywhilethecatalystwasseriouslysinteredunderthehighregenerationtemperatureoftheadsorbent.

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简介：Thesteamreformingoffourbio-oilmodelcompounds(aceticacid,ethanol,acetoneandphenol)wasinvestigatedoverNi-basedcatalystssupportedonAl2O3modifiedbyMg,CeorCointhispaper.Theactivationprocesscanimprovethecatalyticactivitywiththechangeofhigh-valenceNi(Ni2O3,NiO)tolow-valenceNi(Ni,NiO).Amongthesecatalystsafteractivation,theCe-Ni/Cocatalystshowedthebestcatalyticactivityforthesteamreformingofallthefourmodelcompounds.Afterlong-termexperimentat700°CandtheS/Cratioof9,theCe-Ni/Cocatalyststillmaintainedexcellentstabilityforthesteamreformingofthesimulatedbio-oil(mixedbythefourcompoundswiththeequalmasses).WithCaOcalcinatedfromcalciumacetateasCO2sorbent,thecatalyticsteamreformingexperimentcombinedwithcontinuousinsituCO2adsorptionwasperformed.WiththecomparisonofthecasewithouttheaddingofCO2sorbent,thehydrogenconcentrationwasdramaticallyimprovedfrom74.8%to92.3%,withtheCO2concentrationobviouslydecreasedfrom19.90%to1.88%.

简介：这份报纸的目的是在设计下面并且离开设计条件改进最后阶段汽轮机和一台600MW蒸气汽轮机的exhaust兜帽的空气动力学的表演。在操作期间，在汽轮机和exhaust兜帽之间的强壮的流动相互作用在兜帽在流动行为上强加影响并且导致汽轮机的不能令人满意的空气动力学的表演并且用尽兜帽。exhaust兜帽因此有潜力以空气动力学的效率被改善。就在汽轮机和exhaust兜帽之间的流动相互作用而言，更弥漫的结束墙的侧面被优化。联合模型汽轮机和模型用尽兜帽计算和实验被执行验证优化的效果。模型实验证明设计修正导致了全面压力恢复系数的实质的增加。流动和空气动力学的表演照原尺寸最后一台阶段汽轮机并且照原尺寸用尽兜帽被模仿探索流动物理改变到更弥漫的几何学的修正。湿蒸气作为流动媒介被选择。在不同操作条件下面的实际流动地被分析。

简介：Wastebiomassisalwaysgeneratedduringtheproductionprocessinindustries.Theordinarywaytogetridofthewastebiomassistosendthemtolandfillorburnitintheopenfield.Thewastemaypotentiallybeusedforco-firingwithcoaltosavefossilfuelconsumptionandalsoreducenetcarbonemissions.Inthiscasestudy,thebio-wastefromaNicotianaTabacum（NT）pre-treatmentplantisusedasthebiomasstoco-firewithcoal.ThesamplesofNTwasteswereanalysed.Itwasfoundthatthewasteswereoftherelativelyhighenergycontentwhichweresuitableforco-firingwithcoal.ToinvestigatethepotentialandbenefitsforaddingNTwastestoaFluidisedBedCombustion（FBC）boilerintheplant,detailedmodellingandsimulationarecarriedoutusingtheEuropeanCoalLiquefactionProcessSimulationandEvaluation（ECLIPSE）processsimulationpackage.ThefeedstockblendingratiosofNTwastetocoalstudiedinthisworkarevariedfrom0%to30%.TheresultsshowthattheadditionofNTwastesmaydecreasetheemissionsofCO2andSOxwithoutreducingtheboilerperformance.

简介：Forsyngasproduction,thecombustionoffossilfuelsproduceslargeamountsofCO2asagreenhousegasannuallywhichintensifiesglobalwarming.Inthisstudy,chemicalloopingcombustion(CLC)hasbeenutilizedfortheeliminationofCO2emissiontoatmosphereduringsimultaneoussyngasproductionwithdifferentH2/COratioinsteamreformingofmethane(SR)anddryreformingofmethane(DR)inaCLC-SR-DRconfiguration.InCLC-SR-DRwith184reformertubes(similartoanindustrialscalesteamreformerinZagrosPetrochemicalCompany,Assaluyeh,Iran),DRreactionoccursoverRh-basedcatalystsin31tubes.Also,SRreactionishappenedoverNi-basedcatalystsin153tubes.CLCviaemploymentofMn-basedoxygencarrierssuppliesheatforDRandSRreactionsandproducesCO2andH2Oasrawmaterialssimultaneously.AsteadystateheterogeneouscatalyticreactionmodelisappliedtoanalyzetheperformanceandapplicabilityoftheproposedCLC-SR-DRconfiguration.Simulationresultsshowthatcombustionefficiencyreached1attheoutletoffuelreactor(FR).Therefore,pureCO2andH2OcanberecycledtoDRandSRsides,respectively.Also,CH4conversionreached0.2803and0.7275attheoutletofSRandDRsides,respectively.Simulationresultsindicatethat,3223kmolh-1syngaswithaH2/COratioequalto9.826wasproducedinSRsideofCLC-SR-DR.Afterthat,1844kmolh-1syngaswithaH2/COratioequalto0.986wasachievedinDRsideofCLC-SR-DR.ResultsillustratethatbyincreasingthenumberofDRtubesto50tubesandconsidering184fixedtotaltubesinCLC-SR-DR,CH4conversionsinSRandDRsidesdecreased2.69%and3.31%,respectively.However,thissubjectcausedtotalsyngasproductioninSRandDRsides(inallof184tubes)enhanceto5427kmolh-1.Finally,thermalandmolarbehaviorsoftheproposedconfigurationdemonstratethatCLC-SR-DRisapplicableforsimultaneoussyngasproductionwithhighandlowH2/COratiosinanenvironmentalfriendlyprocess.

简介：CuO-CeO2catalystswerepreparedbyaureaprecipitationmethodfortheoxidativesteamreformingofethanolatlow-temperature.Thecatalyticperformancewasevaluatedandthecatalystswerecharacterizedbyinductivelycoupledplasmaatomicemissionspectroscopy,X-raydiffraction,temperature-programmedreduction,fieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopyandthermo-gravimetricanalysis.OverCuOCeO2catalysts,H2withlowCOcontentwasproducedinthewholetestedtemperaturerangeof250–450C.Thenon-noblemetalcatalyst20CuCeshowedhigherH2productionratethan1%Rh/CeO2catalystat300–400Candtheadvantagewasmoreobviousafter20htestingat400C.TheseresultsfurtherconfirmedthatCuO-CeO2catalystsmaybesuitablecandidatesforlowtemperaturehydrogenproductionfromethanol.