简介：CMSphysicistsneedtoseamlesslyaccesstheirexperimentaldataandresults,independentoflocationandstoragemedium,inordertofocusontheexplorationforthenewphysicssignalsartherthanthecomplexitiesofworldwidedatamanagement.Inordertoachievethisgoal,CMShasadoptedatieredworldwidecomputingmodelwhichwillincorporateemergingGridtechnology.CMShasstartedtouseGridtoolsfordataprocessing,replicationandmigration,ImportantGridcomponentsareexpectedtobedeliveredbytheDataGridprojects.likeprojects,CMShascreatedasetoflong-termrequirementstotheGridprojects.Theserequirementsarepresentedanddiscussed.

简介：TheCMSexperimentattheCERNLHCcolliderisproducinglargeamountsofsimulateddatainordertoprovideanadequatestatisticfortheTriggerSystemdesign.Theseproductionsareperformedinadistributedenvironment,prototypingthehierarchicalmodelofLHCcomputingcentersdevelopedbyMONARC.AGRIDapproachisbeingusedforinterconnectingtheRegionalCenters.Themainissueswhicharecurrentlyaddressedare:automaticsubmissionofdataproductionrequeststoavailableproductioinsites,datatransferamongproductionsites,“best-replica”locationandsubmissionofenduseranalysisjobtotheappropriateRegionalCenter,Ineachproductionsitedifferenthardwareconfigurationsarebeingtestedandexploited.Furthermorerobustjobsubmissionsystems.whicharealsoabletoprovidetheneededbookkeepingoftheproduceddataarebeingdeveloped.BOSS(BatchObjectSubmissionSystem)isaninterfacetothelocalcomputingcenterschedulingsystemthathasbeendevelopedinordertoallowrecordinginarelationaldatabaseofinformationproducedbythejoberunningonthebatchfacilitiesAsummaryofthecurrentactivitesandaplanfortheuseofDataGridPM9toolsarepresented.

简介：TheCMSOOreconstructionprogram-ORCA-hasbeenusedsince1999toproducelargesamplesofreconstructedMonte-Carloeventsfordetectoroptimization,triggerandphysicsstudies,TheeventsarestoredinseveralObjectivityfederationsatCERN,intheUS,Italyandothercountries.ToperformtheirstudiesphysicistsusedifferenteventsamplesrangingfromcompletedatasetsofTBytesizetoonlyafeweventsoutofthesedatasets.WedescribetheimplementationoftheserequirementsintheORCAsoftwareandthewaycollctionsofeventsareaccessedforreading,writingorcopying.

简介：OfflineSoftwaresuchasSimulation,Reconstruction,Analysis,andVisualisationareallinneedofadetectordescription.Theseapplicationshaveseveralcommonbutalsomanyspecificrequirementsforthedetectordescriptioninordertobuilduptheirinternalrepresentations.Toachievethisinaconsistentandcoherentmanneracommonsourceofinformation,thedetectordescriptiondatabase,willbeconsultedbyeachoftheapplications.TheroleandsuitabilityofXMLinthedesignofthedetectordescriptiondatabaseinthescopeoftheCMSdetectorattheLHCisdiscussed.DifferentaspectssuchasdatamodellingcapabilitiesofXML,toolsupport,integrationtoC++representationsofdatamodelsaretreatedandrecentresultsofprototypeimplementationsarepresented.

简介：Powerfulmainstreamcomputingequipmentandtheadventofaffordablemulti-Gigabitcommunicationtechnologyallowustotackledataacquisitionproblemswithclustersofinexpensivecomputers.Suchnetworkstypicallyincorporateheterogeneousplatforms,real-timepartitionsandcustomdevices.Therefore,onemuststriveforasoftwareinfrastructurethatefficientlycombinesthenodestoasingle,unifiedresourcefortheuser,Overallrequirementsforsuchmiddlewarearehighefficiencyandconfigurationflexibility.IntelligentI/O(I2O)isanindustryspecificationthatdefinesaunifrommessagingformatandexecutingmodelforprocessor-enabledcommunicationequipment.Mappingthisconcepttoadistribultedcomputingenvironmentandencapsulatingthedetailsofthespecificationintoanapplication-programmingframeworkallowustoproviderun-timesupportforclusteroperation.Thispapergivesabriefoverviewofaframework.XDAQthatwedesignedandimplementedatCERNfortheCompactMuonSolenoidexperiment'sprototypedataacquisitionsystem.

简介：TheCMSgroupsintheUSAareactivelyinvolvedinseveralgrid-elatedprojects,includingtheDoE-fundedParticlePhysicsDataGrid(PPDG)andtheNSFfundedGridPhysicsNetwork(GriPhyN).Wepresentdevelopmentsof:theGriddataManagementPilot(GDMP)software;aJavaAnalysisStudio-basedprototyperemoteanalysisserviceforCMSdata;toolsforautomatingjobsubmissionschemesforlargescaledistributedsimulationandreconstructionrunsforCMS;modelinganddevelopmentofjobschedulingschemesusingtheMONARCtoolkit;arobustexecutionservicefordistributedprocessors.ThedeploymentanduseofthesetoolsatprototypeTier1andTier2computingcentersintheUSAisdescribed.

简介：TheCMSCollaborationof2000scientistsinvolves150institutionsfrom31nationsspreadallovertheworld.CMSsoftwaresystemintegrationandreleasemanagementisperformedatCERN.CodemanagementisbasedonCVS,withreadorwriteaccesstotherepositoryviaaCVSserver,Softwareconfiguration,releasemanagementtools(SCRAM)arebeingdevelopedatCERN.Softwarereleasesarethendistributedtoregionalcenters,wherethesoftwareisusedbyalocalcommunityforawidevarietyoftasks,suchassoftwaredevelopmentdetectorsimulationandreconstructionandphysicsanalysis.Dependingonspecificapplication,thesystemenvironmentandlocalhardwarerequirements,differentapproachesandtoolsareusedfortheCMSsoftwareinstallationatdifferentplaces.Thispresentationdescribesconceptsandreactialsolutionsforavarietyofwaysofsoftwaredistribution,withanemphasisontheCMSexperienceatFermilab,Installationandusageofdifferentmodelsusedfortheproductionfarm,forcodedevelopmentandforphysicsanalysisaredescribed.

简介：VariousrepresentationsoftheCMSmagneticfieldmapsinCERNEngineeringDataManagementSystemareconsidered.

简介：OneofthemostchallengingissuesfacedinHEPinrecentyearsisthequestionofhowtocapitaliseonsoftwaredevelopmentandmaintenanceexperienceinacontinuousmanner.Tocapitaliseinourcontextmeanstoevaluateandapplynewtechnologiesastheyarise,andtofurtherevolvetechnologiesarlreadywidelyinuse,Italsoimpliesthedefinitionandadoptionofstandards,whileensuringreproducibilityandqualityofresults.TheCMSprocessimprovementeffortistwo-pronged.ItaimsatcontinuousimprovementofthewayswedoObjectOrientedsoftware,aswellascontinuousimprovementintheefficiencyoftheworkingenviuronment.Inparticulartheuseandcreationofde-factosoftwareprocessstandardswithinCMShasproventobekeytooursuccessfulsoftwareprocessimprovementprogram.WedescribethesuccessfulCMSimplementationofasoftwareprocessimprovementstrategy,followingISO15504sincethreeyears.WegivethecurrentstatusofthemostimportantprocessesfamiliesformallyestablishedinCMS,andprovidetheguidelineswefollowedbothfortooldevelopment,andmethodologyestablishment.

简介：TheCMSregionalcalorimetertriggersystemdetectssignaturesofelectrons/photons,taus,jets,andmissingandtotaltransverseenergyinadeadtinmesspipelinedarchitecture.Thissystemreceives7000calorimetertreggertowerenergieson1.2Gbanddigitalcoppercableseriallinksandprocessestheminalow-latencypipelineddesignusingcustom-builtelectronics.AttheheartofthesystemistheReceiverCardwhichusesthenewgenerationofgigabitethernetreceiverchipsonamezzaninecardtoconvertserialdatatoparalleldatabeforetransmissionona160MHzbackplaneforfurtherprocessingbycardsthatsumenergiesandidentifyelectronsandjets.Wedescribethealgorithmsandhardwareimplementation,andsummarizethesimulationresultsthatshowthatthissystemiscapableofhandlingtheraterequirementswhiletriggeringonphysicssignalswithhighefficiency.

简介：Themulti-tieredarchitectureofthehighly-distributedCMScomputingsystemsnecessitatesaflexibledatadistributionandanalysisenvironment.WedescribeaprototypeanalysisenvironmentwhichfunctionsefficientlyoverwideareanetworksusingaserverinstalledattheCaltech/UCSDTier2prototypetoanalyzeCMSdatastoredatvariouslocationsusingathinclient.TheanalysisenvironnmentisbasedonexistingHEP(Anaphe)andCMOS(CARF,ORCA,IGUANA)softwarethchnologyontheserveracessedfromavarietyofclients.AJavaAnalysisStudio(JAS,fromSLAC)plug-inisbeingdevelopedasareferenceclient.Theserverisoperatedas"Blackbox"ontheproto-Tier2system.ORCAObjectivitydatabases(e.g.anexistinglargeCMSMuonsample)arehostedonthemasterandslavenodes,andremoteclientscanrequestprocessingofqueriesacrosstheservernodes,andgetthehistogramresultsreturnedandrenderedintheclient.TheserverisimplementedusingpureC++,anduseXML-RPCasalanguage-neutraltransport.Thishasseveralbenefits,includingmuchbetterscalability,betterintegrationwithCARF/ORCA,andimportanly,Makestheworkdirectlyusefultoothernon-javageneral-purposeanalysisandpresentationtoolssuchasHippodraw,Lizard.orROOT.

简介：TheCMSIGUANAprojecthasimplementedanopenanalysisarchitecturethatenablesthecreationofanintegratedanalysisenvironment.Inthis"analysisdesktop"environmentaphysicistisabletoperformmostanalysis-relatedtasks,notjustthepresentationandvisualisationstepsusuallyassociatedwithanalysistools.ThemotivationbehindIGUANA'sapproachisthatphsicsanalysisincludesmuchmorethanjustthevisualisationanddatapresentation.Manyfactorscontributetotheincreasingimportanceofmakinganalysisandvisualisationsoftwareanintegralpartoftheexperiment'ssoftware:objectorientedandevermoreadvanceddatamodels,GRID,andautomatedhierarchicalstoragemanagementsystemstonamejustafew.Atthesametimetheanalysistoolkitsshouldbemodularandnon-invasivetobeusableindifferentcontextswithinoneexperimentandgenerallyacrossexperiments.Ideallytheanalysisenvironmentwouldappeartobeperfectlycustomisedtotheexperimentandthecontext,butwouldmostlyconsistofgenericcomponents.WedescribehowtheIGUANAprojectisaddressingtheseissuesandpresentboththearchitectureandexamplesofhowdifferentaspectsofanalysisappeartotheusersandthedevelopers.

简介：ThedataacquisitionsystemfortheCMSexperimentattheLargeHadronCollider(LHC)willrequirealargeandhighperformanceeventbuildingnetwork.Severalarchitecturesandswithchtechnologiesarecurrentlybeingevaluated.Thispaperdescribesdemonstratorswhichhavebeensetuptostudyasmall-scaleeventbuilderbasedonPCsemulatinghighperformancesourcesandsinksconnectedviaEthernetorMyrinetswitches.Resultsfromongoingstudies,includingmeasurementsonthroughputandscaling,arepresented.

简介：ModernstandardsanddefinitionsofdeliverablesforsoftwaredevelopmentareprovidedbybyvariousstandardslikePSS-05,CMMI,ECSS,V,RationalUnifiedprocessorSPICE(ISO15504),Moderndocumenttemplatesandthecorrespondingdocumentsarebasedonatomicshellsthatcross-link,andcanbesubsequentlyassembledintoasetofcompletedocuments;viewsoftheinformationintheshells.Thismakestheinformationeasytomaintain,andenablesselectiveviewsofthedocumentation.WewillpresentacatalogueofdocumenttemplatesthathasbeendevelopedinthecontextoftheCMSCAFEforum,aswellastheircross-linkage,usingUMLasthemodellinglanguageThetemplatesallowfordocumentingtheelaborationandarchitecturaldesignphasesofsoftwaredevelopment,Theycanbeusedasthebasisforestablishinganddocumentingarchitecture,whileestablishingtrace-abilitytouse-cases,requirements,constraints,andimportanttechnologicalchoicesinamaintainablemanner.

简介：IGUANA（InteractiveGraphicsforUserANAlysis)isaC++toolkitfordevelopinggraphicaluserinterfacesandhighperformance2-Dand3-Dgraphicsapplications,suchasdatabrowsersanddetectorandeventvisualisationprograms.TheIGUANAstrategyistousefreelyavailablesoftware(e.g.Qt,SoQt,OpenInventor,OpenGL,HEPVis)andpackageandextendittoprovideageneral-purposeandexperiment-independenttoolkit.WedescribetheevaluationandchoicesofpubliclyavailableGUI/graphicssoftwareandtheadditionalfunctionalitycurrentlyprovidedbyIGUANA.WedemonstratetheuseofIGUANAwithseveralapplicationsbuiltforCMSandD0.

简介：

简介：TB4397063840含n≈k超薄金属膜的周期对称膜系的性质及窄带高反膜设计=Characteristicsofperiodicsymmetricalmultilayercoatingsincludingultrathinmetallicfilmofn≈kanddesignofahigh-refIectivityreflectionfilterwithnarrowbandwidth[刊,中]/谭满清,林永昌,赵达尊(北京理工大学.北京(100081))

简介：美男如花，一样养眼。视觉当道，不小心就乱花迷眼。潮流里向来不缺金刚男，也少不了阴柔俊美型的漫画男主角，不是娘娘腔，不是雌雄莫辨，就是超注目酷粉Flower美少年。

简介：本文就惯性参考系与非惯性参考系中观察物体运动,制作专门的仪器,使运动物体的轨迹显现出来,通过不同参照系中的视频录像、截图,根据轨迹图像进行分析研究,得到其结论。

简介：利用原子参数一模式识别方法研究了若干二元系合金化行为的规律,并在此基础上,提出了二元系合金相的判据。