简介：AbstractBackground:Understanding the global spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza is essential for influenza control and prevention. Available data on the updated global spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza are scarce. This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic.Methods:Weekly influenza surveillance data in 86 countries from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from FluNet. First, the proportion of influenza A in total influenza viruses (PA) was calculated. Second, weekly numbers of influenza positive virus (A and B) were divided by the total number of samples processed to get weekly positive rates of influenza A (RWA) and influenza B (RWB). Third, the average positive rates of influenza A (RA) and influenza B (RB) for each country were calculated by averaging RWA, and RWB of 52 weeks. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to examine if the year-to-year change in PA in all countries were significant, and a universal kriging method with linear semivariogram model was used to extrapolate RA and RB in all countries.Results:PA ranged from 0.43 in Zambia to 0.98 in Belarus, and PA in countries with higher income was greater than those countries with lower income. The spatial patterns of high RB were the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific region and South America. RWA peaked in early weeks in temperate countries, and the peak of RWB occurred a bit later. There were some temperate countries with non-distinct influenza seasonality (e.g., Mauritius and Maldives) and some tropical/subtropical countries with distinct influenza seasonality (e.g., Chile and South Africa).Conclusions:Influenza seasonality is not predictable in some temperate countries, and it is distinct in Chile, Argentina and South Africa, implying that the optimal timing for influenza vaccination needs to be chosen with caution in these unpredictable countries.

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简介：严重流行性感冒为人在它的毒力仍然保持不平常。复杂并发症或最终，从这些感染产生的死亡经常与proinflammatorycytokine生产的hyperinduction被联系，它也作为‘被知道；cytokinestorm’；。为这疾病，immunomodulatory治疗可以改进结果，这被建议了，与或没有抗病毒的代理人的联合。这里，我们考察免疫系统的各种各样的受动器怎么开始cytokine暴风雨并且在主人加重病理学的损坏的当前的文学。我们也在严重流行性感冒为cytokine暴风雨的治疗考察一些当前的immunomodulatory策略，包括corticosteroids，peroxisome激活proliferator的受体收缩筋，sphingosine-1-phosphate受体1收缩筋，cyclooxygenase-2禁止者，抗氧化剂，anti-tumour-necrosis因素治疗，静脉内的免疫球蛋白治疗，statins，arbidol，植物，并且另外的潜在的治疗学的策略。

简介：AbstractAnti-influenza drugs are one of the most critical pathways for control of influenza virus infection. Drugs that have been developed or are developing may function via different mechanisms, and so far, inhibitors of influenza virus polymerase are among the most promising types of drugs. Favipiravir and Baloxavir, also named T-705 and Xofluza respectively, have been approved for influenza treatment in Japan and the United States. Favipiravir effectively and selectively inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses while Baloxavir specifically targets the cap-dependent endonuclease PA of influenza viruses. These two drugs have been suggested as the first candidate drugs for influenza infection treatment, especially for strains resistant to other anti-influenza drugs. This review will focus on the pharmaceutical mechanisms and anti-influenza activity of these two drugs.

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简介：上一期中，我们介绍了Lucy的家人，你还记得吗？今天，来认识一下Lucy在学校的英语老师和Mary的法语老师!Mary是谁？去文中找找看!

简介：我喜欢春天，因为我喜欢暖暖的风。我喜欢夏天，因为我喜欢冰激凌。我喜欢秋天，因为我喜欢新鲜的苹果。我喜欢冬天，因为我喜欢堆雪人。

简介：“wouldlike”和“feellike”都有“想要”之意，但它们的含义和用法又有不同，下面谈谈它们的差异。

简介：Yearsonthescene,musicianandpromoterJonCampbellhaslearnedwhatChina'smusicfanswanttohear-andpayfor.

简介：DongWenguangwasagrandsonofDongHe.HewasbornatthebeginningoftheNorthernSongDynasty.Theemperoradvocatdeforcultureandlaunchedimperialexaminations.DongWenguangwasfar-sightde.Hebegantorunschools.Helaiddownstrictfamilyrules,tellingthesonsanddaughtersofthefamilytoreadbooks.

简介：Ilovepotatoes.Potatoesareverydelicious.Therearemanywaystocookpotatoes,suchasmashedpotatoes,Frenchfries,potatosalad.AndIlikeFrenchfriesbest,it’smyfavoritesnack.Besides,potatoesarefullofnutrition.Weshouldeatmorepotatoes.Trythem,Ithinkyou’lllikethem.(指导老师:钱莹)

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简介：like是中学英语中相当活跃的一个词，其用法和意义非常广泛，可以充当动词、形容词、连词、介词等，而且高考试题对like也多有测试。笔者认为很有必要对like的用法及考点予以归纳，供同学们学习参考。

简介：Ilikelanternsverymuch.Look,thislanternlookslikeatiger.Thatlanternlookslikeabutterfly.Thisonelookslikealotus.Thatonelookslikeabigpeach.Theyaresobeautiful.

简介：Rabbitsareverycute.Theyhavetwolongearsandtworedeyes.Theyhavefourlegsandasmalltail,too.Theycanrunandjump.Theylikecarrots.Ilikerabbitsverymuch.指导老师:周兆群

简介：Therearefourseasonsinayear.Myfavoriteseasonisspring.Becausesummeristoohotandwinteristoocold.Springiswarmandsunny.Animalswakeupfromwintersleep.Plantsbegingrowingandturninggreenagain.Peoplecanspendtimeoutdoors,dosomeexerciseorgopicnicing.Everyspringislikeanewbeginning.

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