简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectofreleasingtheorbicularisretainingligament(ORL)complexoftheteartroughcombinedwiththetransconjunctivalblepharoplastyinthesurgicalmanagementofteartroughdeformitycomparedwiththeeffectofblepharoplastyalone.METHODS:Aprospective,randomized(byclosedenvelopetechnique),controlledsurgicaltrialwhichincluded50patients(100eyes)withbilateralvisibleteartroughdeformityandlowereyelidfatbulging,wasdividedintotwogroupswhere25patients(50eyes)hadteartrough-ORLreleasewithblepharoplastyand25patients(50eyes)didn’t.Qualitativeandquantitativeassessmentsofteartroughdeformityweredoneat6mopostoperatively,achievinggrade0or1ofBarton’sclassificationwasconsideredasuccess.Standardizedphotographicdocumentationofeachpatientwasdonepreandpostoperatively,alsoassessmentofthepatients’satisfactionpostoperativelywasdoneandrankedasexcellent,verygood,goodorfair.RESULTS:Therewasstatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroupsintheoverallaestheticresultspostoperativelyregardingthequalitativeandquantitativeanalysisoftheteartroughdeformity,wherepatientswhohadteartrough-ORLcomplexreleasehadmoresuccessfuloutcomesthanthoseofthesecondgroup.CONCLUSION:ORLreleaseshouldbedoneinpatientswithteartroughdeformityinordertoreleasethetetheringeffectofthisligamentwhichcausestheprominenceofthenasojugalgroove.

简介：ApreliminaryorganicgeochemicalstudyshowsthatthesulphideoresfromthehydrothermaldepositoftheOkinawaTrougharegenerallylowinthetotalorganiccarbonandextremelylowinthesolubleorganicmatter.Inthealiphatichydrocarbonfraction,then-alkanesrangefromC15toC35,withusualmaximainthemiddlen-C20regionandstrongodd-carbonnumberpredominancewhenn>C25(CPI=1.2).Thedominantanaloginthearomaticfractionisphenanthrene,apolynucleararomatichydrocarbon,whichprovidesevidenceforhydrothermalactivity.Theorganicmatterderivedmainlyfrommarineplanktonicandterrigenousvascularplantsisentrappedinahigh-temperatureregimesuchasanactivechimneyandcooledquicklyinthesulphideoresontheseafloor.Organicmatterandsulphidesaredefinitelyproductsofahigh-temperaturealteration.ThebiomarkercompoundsindicatethattheoresareformedunderlowEhandpHconditions梐reducingtoanoxicenvironment,whichisfavourableforsulphatestobereducedintosulphidesbybiogenic(bacterial)orabiogenicactivity.

简介：Thispaperconcernsthecalculationofthewavetroughexceedanceprobabilitiesinanonlinearsea.Thecalculationshavebeencarriedoutbyincorporatingasecondordernonlinearwavemodelintoanasymptoticmethod.Thisisanewapproachforthecalculationofthewavetroughexceedanceprobabilities,and,asallofthecalculationsareperformedintheprobabilitydomain,avoidstheneedforlongtime-domainsimulations.TheproposedasymptoticmethodhasbeenappliedtocalculatethewavetroughdepthexceedanceprobabilitiesofaseastatewiththesurfaceelevationdatameasuredatthecoastofYuraintheJapanSea.ItisdemonstratedthattheproposednewmethodcanofferbetterpredictionsthanthetheoreticalRayleighwavetroughdepthdistributionmodel.ThecalculatedresultsbyusingtheproposednewmethodhavebeenfurthercomparedwiththoseobtainedbyusingtheArhanandPlaistednonlineardistributionmodelandtheToffolietal.’swavetroughdepthdistributionmodel,anditsaccuracyhasbeenonceagainsubstantiated.Theresearchfindingsobtainedfromthisstudydemonstratethattheproposedasymptoticmethodcanbereadilyutilizedintheprocessofdesigningvariouskindsofoceanengineeringstructures.

简介：冲绳马槽(OT)是在在菲律宾的海板的subduction的影响下面的一个起始的传播阶段的背弧盆。在这研究，我们在OT分析了玄武岩的玻璃的geochemical作文并且在暗岩讨论了不同magmatic来源，进化，和subducted部件的效果。我们的结果证明OT的中间、南部的区域展出与一个充满铁的tholeiite系列一致的特征。当包括Nb在高地力量元素(HFSE)弄空时，踪迹元素比例遵循背弧盆暗岩，在包括Rb的大离子亲石元素元素(LILE)的富人，Ba，Pb，U，和Th的典型蜘蛛图模式特征，Ta，Zr，Hf，并且Ti。稀土元素元素(REE)的分发与由正确倾斜的轻稀土元素元素(LREE)的丰富也一致。充实的披风类型的增加我(EMI)材料以及披风异质可能在不同区域导致了丰富的可变的度。当斜长石的开发部分被限制时，中间的马槽的岩浆来源向辉石经历了结晶化，并且尖晶石和橄榄石的结晶化完全停止。同时，南部的OT岩浆来源的结晶化被橄榄石并且包括斜长石，辉石，和磁铁矿的形成统治(或titanomagnetite)。最后，这研究的结果证明在中间的暗岩的90%Th，在南部的暗岩的95%Ba，50%-70%Th和70%-90%Ba从subducted部件发源。不同subducted部件影响可以由于不同subduction地区是结构的特征。

简介：Threetyphooncasesareselectedtoconductaseriesofsimulationsthatareinitializedfromsequentialanalyses.Theresultsshowthattheforecasterrorincrucialareawhereatropicalcyclone(TC)interacteswiththeupstreamtroughishighlycorrelatedtothetrackforecasterroraftertheTCrecurvature.Furthermore,sensitivityexperimentsconfirmthatthedevelopmentsofthemidlatitudedownstreamcirculationsandthentheTCtrackafteritsrecurvaturearehighlysensitivetotheTCintensityanditslocationrelativetotheupstreamtrough,whichcangiveanexampleoronewayofsensitivityoftheTCtracktotheTC-troughinteraction.IftheTCinteractswiththeupstreamtroughmorestrongly(e.g.,theTCbeingintensifiedorgettingclosertotheupstreamtrough),thedownstreamcirculationswillbemoremeridional,thustheTCtrackwillbemorenortherlyandwesterly;otherwise,thedownstreamcirculationswillbemorezonal,andtheTCtrackwillbemoresoutherlyandeasterly.

简介：从在尼日利亚的南部的Benue马槽的三岩石层位学的继任的沙岩的Geochemical研究为沙岩的geochemical描述被承担，并且估计他们的stratigraphic和来源进化。主修，痕量元素数据从露头沙岩样品被获得。SiO2/Al2O3,Fe2O3/K2O比率和CaO内容被用来描绘白垩纪沙岩进Al富有、高、低的Fe2O3/K2O比率沙岩。结果显示有geochemical特征，从Asu河组，越过继任显示stratigraphic趋势Eze-Aku组到可以从不同来源地面暗示不连续的进化的proto尼日尔三角洲继任前寒武纪并且供应了沉积的中生代年龄。Asu河组沙岩有更低的SiO2,艾尔2O3,Fe2O3和更高的MgO；当proto尼日尔三角洲沙岩有更高的SiO2,艾尔22,CaO，碱和更低的MgO>O3,Fe2O3和更低的碱和CaO。这些断绝意味着在白垩纪时间期间影响了南部的Benue马槽的构造推动的影响。在TiO2/Al2O3,Fe2O3,Cr和Zr建议一逐渐地对有时间的depositional盆的mafic贡献。有时间的改变增加的化学索引，可能建议在内地的更强烈的捱过政体与时间发展了。

简介：Thispaperdescribestherelativecontentsofdominantdiatomspeciesandthedistributivecharacteristicsoftropicalpelagicspeciesanddiatomassemblages,andalsodiscussestherelationsbetweentherelativecontentoftropicalpelagicspeciesandKuroshioCurrentandbetweenthedistributionofdiatomassemblagesandmaterialsources.Theresultsshowthatthelimitof＞20%relativecontentoftropicalpelagicspeciesisbasicallyconsistentwiththedemarcationofKuroshioCurrent,andthatthedistributionsofdominantdiatomspeciesanddiatomassemblagesreservetherecordsoftheircloserrelationstomaterialsources.

简介：AheavyrainfalleventthatoccurredinShandongProvincein26-28August2004wascausedmainlybyTyphoonAereandcoldairactivitiesrelatedtoawesterlytrough.Theeventwastriggeredbyaninvertedtyphoontrough,whichwascloselyassociatedwiththeintensificationofthelow-levelsoutheasterlyflowandthenorthwardtransportofheatandmomentumintheperipheryofthetyphoonlow.AnumericalsimulationofthiseventisperformedusingthenonhydrostaticmesoscalemodelMM5withtwo-wayinteractiveandtriply-nestedgrids,andthestructureoftheinvertedtyphoontroughisstudied.Furthermore,theformationanddevelopmentmechanismoftheinvertedtyphoontroughandamesoscalevortexarediscussedthroughavorticitybudgetanalysis.Theresultsshowthattheheavyrainfallwasinducedbythestrongconvergencebetweenthestrongandweakwindswithintheinvertedtyphoontrough.Dynamiceffectsofthelow-leveljetandthediabaticheatingofprecipitationplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheinvertedtyphoontroughandtheformationofthemesoscalevortex.Thevorticitybudgetanalysissuggeststhatthedivergenceterminthelowtroposphere,thehorizontaladvectionterm,andtheconvectionterminthemiddletroposphereweremaincontributorstopositivevorticity.Nonetheless,atthesamepressurelevel,theeffectofthedivergencetermandthatoftheadvectiontermwereoppositetoeachother.Inthemiddletroposphere,theverticaltransporttermmadeapositivecontributionwhilethetiltingtermmadeanegativecontribution,andthetotalvorticitytendencywasthenetresultoftheircounteractions.Itisfoundthatthechangetendencyoftherelativevorticitywasnotuniformhorizontally.Astrongpositivevorticitytendencyoccurredinthesoutheastofthemesoscalevortex,whichiswhytheheavyrainfallwasconcentratedthere.Theincreaseofpositivevorticityinthelow(upper)tropospherewascausedbyhorizontalconvergence(upwardtransportofvorticityfrom

简介：Thispaperfirstproposesanewapproachforpredictingthenonlinearwavetroughdistributionsbyutilizingatransformedlinearsimulationmethod.ThelinearsimulationmethodistransformedbasedonaHermitetransformationmodelwherethetransformationischosentobeamonotoniccubicpolynomialandcalibratedsuchthatthefirstfourmomentsofthetransformedmodelmatchthemomentsofthetrueprocess.TheproposednewapproachisappliedforcalculatingthewavetroughdistributionsofanonlinearseastatewiththesurfaceelevationdatameasuredatthecoastofYuraintheJapanSea,anditsaccuracyandefficiencyareconvincinglyvalidatedbycomparisonswiththeresultsfromtwotheoreticaldistributionmodels,fromalinearsimulationmodelandasecondordernonlinearsimulationmodel.Finally,itisfurtherdemonstratedinthispaperthatthenewapproachcanbeappliedtoallthesituationscharacterizedbysimilarnondimensionalspectrum.

简介：三个白垩纪岩石层位学的沙岩单位的Petrographic和geochemical分析被承担抑制他们的起源和构造背景。Petrographic分析证明在在三沙岩身体之间的作文有差别，它能在起源地势，运输距离和地面的地质学被归因于差别。在古地台内部领域以内的三岩石层位学的沙岩身体下降的作文。框架模式和化学特征从玄武岩的volcanics显示了他们的推导，源岩在早rifting期间火的源岩在东南地下室建筑群地面定位了的舞台，和felsic，中介和mafic，与次要的沉积部件从高举并且合拢了更旧的白垩纪阶层。沙岩的化学成分主要与源岩，化学捱过条件和运输代理人有关。源岩主要从尼日利亚的东南的前寒武纪的地下室被导出。通过沙岩的检查，构造背景被建模。Benue马槽属于被动边缘的沉积的盆打的一个大陆人。到马槽的Maastrichtain的从Albian的构造进化被贡献在框架模式和沙岩的化学成分的差别。盆的进化以沙岩岩石学和地球化学被重建。构造进化能从岩石学和地球化学数据被细分进三个阶段。第一个阶段盖住Albian；第二上演Turonian-Coniacian，并且第三上演Campanian-Maastrichtain。这些是在在这三个阶段之中的沙岩作文的三大断绝。这三断绝意味着tectonism的影响。

简介：Inthispaper,wepresentathreedimensionalnumericalinvestigationofheattransferinaparabolictroughcollectorreceiverwithlongitudinalfinsusingdifferentkindsofnanofluid,withanoperationaltemperatureof573Kandnanoparticleconcentrationof1%involume.Theoutersurfaceoftheabsorberreceivesanon-uniformheatflux,whichisobtainedbyusingtheMonteCarloraytracingtechnique.Thenumericalresultsarecontrastedwithempiricalresultsavailableintheopenliterature.AsignificantimprovementofheattransferisderivedwhentheReynoldsnumbervariesintherange2.57×104≤Re≤2.57×105,thetube-sideNusseltnumberincreasesfrom1.3to1.8times,alsothemetallicnanoparticlesimproveheattransfergreatlythanothernanoparticles,combiningbothmechanismsprovidesbetterheattransferandhigherthermo-hydraulicperformance.

简介：Weanalyzethedecadalvariationofthestratospheretropospherecoupledsystemaroundtheyear2000byusingtheNCEPreanalysis-2data.Specifically,therelationshipbetweentheNorthernHemisphereAnnularMode(NAM)andthetroposphericEastAsiantroughisinvestigatedinordertofindtheeffectivestratosphericsignalsduringcoldairoutbreaksinChina.Statisticalanalysesanddynamicdiagnosesbothindicatethatafter2000,increasedstratosphericpolarvortexdisturbancesoccurandtheNAMismainlyinnegativephase.Thetroposphericpolarareasaredirectlyaffectedbythepolarvortex,andinthemidlatitudes,theUralblockinghighandEastAsiantrougharemoreactive,whichleadtoenhancedcoldairactivitiesineasternandnorthernChina.Furtherinvestigationrevealsthatunderthiscirculationpattern,downwardpropagationsofnegativeNAMindexarecloselyrelatedtotheintensityvariationoftheEastAsiantrough.WhennegativeNAManomaliespropagatedowntotheuppertroposphereandreachacertainintensity(standardizedNAMindexlessthan1),theyresultinapparentreinforcementoftheEastAsiantrough,whichreachesitsmaximumintensityaboutoneweeklater.Thenortherlywindbehindthetroughtransportscoldairsouthwardandeastward,andtherangeofinfluenceandtheintensityarecloselyassociatedwiththetroughlocation.Therefore,theNAMindexcanbeusedasameasureofthesignalsfromthedisturbedstratospheretogivesomeindicationofcoldairactivitiesinChina.

简介：Basedonnewmultibeambathymetricdataandabout300kmlongsingleseismicprofiles,threetopographicunitswereidentified:thecanyons,fracturalvalleyandsubmarineterraceonthenorthofChiweiIslandwhereisastructuraltransitionzonebetweenthesoutherntroughandthemiddletrough.TheChiweiCanyonandtheNorthChiweiCanyonaretwoofthelargestcanyonsintheEastChinaSea(ECS)slope.Topographicfeaturesandarchitecturesofthemaredescribed.Thestudyshowsthatbothofthemareoriginatedalongfaults.TheevolutionandspatialdistributionoftopographicunitsinthestudyareaarecontrolledmainlybythreegroupsoffaultswhichwereformedandreactiveintherecentextensionalphaseofOkinawaTrough.TheChiweiCanyonwasinitiatedduringthemiddlePleistoceneandguidedbyF4thatisaN-StrendingfaultontheslopeandF1,alargeNW-SEtrendingfaultonthetrough.ThepathwaymigrationfromtheremnantchanneltothepresentoneofChiweiCanyonistheresultofupliftoftiltedfaultblockthatiscoupledtotherecentextensionmovementsofthesoutherntrough.ThesubmarineterraceisdetachedfromtheECSslopebytheNEE-trendingfault.TheNorthChiweiCanyon,developingduringthelatePleistocene,isguidedbyF5,aN-Strendingfault,divertedandblockedbythesubmarineterrace.

简介：Verticalprofilesfortheuranium-seriesradioisotopes210Pband210Powereobtainedatthetwohydrothermalventsites,theIheyaRidgeandtheMinami-EnseiKnoll,intheMid-OkinawaTroughin1993and1994,respectively.In1995,bothradioisotopesweremeasuredattheMinami-EnseiKnollagain.AttheIheyaRidge,wherethehydrothermalactivityisnotactiveasreflectedbytheCH4and222Rndata,boththetotal210Pband210Poactivitiesshowdeficiencyrelativetotheirparents,andthemeanresidencetimeof210Pband210Poisapproximatelyequalto20and2～5a,respectively.AttheMinami-EnseiKnoll,whichischaracterizedbyblacksmokers,thetotal210Pb(0.167×10-3～2.5×10-3Bq/kg)aroundtheplumesisdeficientrelativeto226Rabutthetotal210Poactivities(1.83×10-3～2.83×10-3Bq/kg)areinexcessrelativeto210Pb.The210PoactivitiesarehigherthanthoseintheEastChinaSeaandtheOkinawaTroughandexcess210Pohasbeenfound.The210Pb/226Raand210Po/210Pbactivityratiosare0.1～0.4and1.1～7.8,respectively.210Pbispreferentiallyscavengedinthehydrothermalplumes.Thepossiblemechanismsgoverningtheconcentrationof210PbintheMinami-EnseiKnollinvolvealateraltransportof210Pbviadiffusion.Thehigh210Po/210Pbactivityratiosinthehydrothermalplumessuggestadepletionof210Pbandadditionof210Pointhehydrothermalventarea.

简介：Thepropertiesofcastablesforironmaintroughhavebeenimprovedbymeansofincreaingthecastable'scriticalsizeandaddingexpandablemate-rial,TheprecastblocksmadefromthiscastablehavebeenusedasthescumwallofthemaintroughinBaosanI&sCo.,Whichhavesolvedtheproblemsusuallyoccurredinthisarea,suchasseriousero-sion,easycrakingandlowerservicelife.

简介：Onthebasisofinterpretationofcomprehensivegeophysicaldataandforeigndataanalysis,thereexistedalotofoverburdendetachmentshearthrustfaultsalongthesoutheasternmarginofNanshaTrough,whichcomposedimbricatedoverthrustnappestructure.Thrust-faultednappestructurepatternisdeterminedinthisarea,whichconsistsoffrontalfaultzone,thrustfault-foldedzoneandrootzonestructures,andpresentsregularlyzonationonplane.Thedetaildescriptionofthestructuralgeometricalcharacteristicsisgiveninshallowthrustfaultzone,andthekinematicalmechanismofthrustfaultnappestructureisfurtherlydiscussed.Overthrnstnappestructureinthisareaisresultedfromislandarc-continentcollisionandorogenicactivities.

简介：冲绳马槽是一条背弧，起始的边缘的海盆，在琉球弧沟系统后面定位了。冲绳马槽的形成和进化是亲密地后来在欧亚的板下面菲律宾的海板与subduction有关处理晚中新世。马槽的构造进化类似于另外的活跃背弧，例如玛丽安娜马槽和南部的Lau盆，所有哪个正在经历起始的rifting和随后的传播过程。这研究考察岩石学的所有和mafic的geochemical数据从冲绳马槽，琉球弧，和菲律宾的海板的暴烈的熔岩，与地球物理的数据结合了在菲律宾的海板琉球弧冲绳马槽系统(职业人员)显示在subduction来源(输入)和弧或背弧岩浆(输出)之间的关系。获得的结果证明几个部件易变地涉及冲绳马槽熔岩的petrogenesis：位于欧亚的板，印度中间海洋的山脉暗岩(MORB)类型披风，和和平的MORB类型披风下面的亚大陆人lithospheric披风。浅水的液体并且深的增加含水易变地与印度MORB类型披风的特征从subducted部件融化进熔岩的披风来源在冲绳马槽下面在琉球和subcontinentallithospheric披风(SCLM)下面修改原始披风楔。在马槽和弧的东北结束，而不是印度MORB类型披风，和平的MORB类型披风统治岩浆来源。沿着琉球弧和冲绳马槽的罢工，在踪迹元素比率和同位素的作文的系统的变化在岩浆来源上反映可变subduction输入的一阶的效果。一般来说，岩石学的数据，与地球物理的数据结合了，暗示冲绳马槽正在经历在东北片断，和初生的海洋盆在西南片断，在中间的片断的裂缝繁殖过程，和外壳的延期过程散布过程的seafloor发生在西南片断。

简介：Hydrothermalchimneyisaproductofhydrothermalactivityontheseabed.ChimneysamplesdredgedfromJadehydrothermalareainIzenadepressionoftheOkinawaTrough,arecharacterizedbyrelativelyenrichedlightrareearthelements(LREE)andstronglypositiveEuanomalies.87Sr/86Srand143Nd/144Ndofthesesamplesareexactlybetweenthoseofseawaterandofacidicpumice,averagedat0.708928and0.512292,respectively.ThesecharacteristicsimplythatthemainsourceofhydrothermalsulfideatJadeareaispossiblytheundersurfaceacidicrocks.Themineralizingmechanismcanbesummarizedasfollows:LargeamountofmineralizedmaterialwouldbeleachedoutandLREEenrichedhydrothermalsolutionwouldbesubsequentlyproducedasaresultofthermo-chemicalexchangereactionbetweenacidicvolcanicrocksandheatedseawaterthatpenetratedinadvancefromupperwatermass.ThespurtingoutfromtheseabedandquicklycrystallizingintheseawaterofhydrothermalsolutionareresponsiblefortheformationofCu-Znsulfideandbarite-amorphousSiO2mineralsthatarecharacterizedbyenrichedLREEandpositivelystrongEuanomalies.

简介：Basedonintensiveautomaticweatherstationdata,satellitecloudimagery,NCEPreanalyzeddata,andthesimulationresultsfrommesoscalenumericalmodels,thisstudyanalyzesthecharacteristicsandformationmechanismsofthemesoscaleconvectionsystem(MCS)duringtheextremeprecipitationeventthatwastriggeredbyaweakenedlow-pressureinvertedtroughofTyphoonHaikuionAugust10/2012.Theresultsofthisstudyshowthatcoldairattherearofanortheasterncoldvortexcreatesthermodynamicconditionsfavorabletothedevelopmentofextremeprecipitation.Themainbodyofthecoldairisnorthwardlocatedsothatthecoldairinvadesonlythemiddlelayeroftheperipheryoftheinvertedtrough.Thus,thecoldairminimallyaffectsthelowerlayer,whichresultsinaverticallydistributedstructureofthetemperatureadvectionthataugmentstheformationanddevelopmentofconvectiveinstabilitystratification.Inthemiddletroposphere,thecoldairencounterstheconvergent,ascending,warmmoistairfromthelow-pressureinvertedtrough,leadingtofrontogenesis.Thefrontogenesisenhanceswindconvergencewhich,inturn,furtherenhancesthefrontogenesis,andthepositivefeedbackbetweenthesetwoforcesaugmentsthedevelopmentofmeso-andsmall-scaleconvectionsystemsintherainstormregionanditsvicinity,whichstrengthenstheupwardtransportationofwatervaporfromlowlayersandthickeningofwatervaporconvergenceandresultsinlocalheavyrains.

简介：ThetechnicalfactorsofcastablesinnovationofmainirontroughinblastfurnacesofWISCOinrecenttenyearswereanalyzed,andcorrosionprocessofdensecorundum,sub-whitecorundumandbrowncorundumaggregatesinthecastablesforthemainirontroughwasresearched.Itisregardedthatthereisnoinevitablerelationbetweencastablespropertiesandservicelife,anditmustbeconsideredthatwhetherthenormaltechnicalindexinthestandardcanbeusedasjudgmentbasis.Basedontheimprovementofmatrix,theservicelife(oncethroughputofhotmetal)ofcastablesusedinmainirontroughincreasesfrom90000tonsto140000-180000tons;thepropertiesofdifferentrawmaterialsarefullyapplied,andstructureimprovementofirontroughandprogressofmaterialtechniqueareveryimportantreasons.