简介:AbstractIn vitro maturation (IVM) has been used in clinical settings for 30 years. The merits of IVM include that it needs a relatively small amount of hormones and short treatment period. However, because the effectiveness of IVM is lower than that of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, there are few centers routinely use IVM, and it is only applicable to a few special populations. In this article, several oocyte sources related to IVM have been discussed and the effects of gonadotropin priming and triggering on IVM are described. Furthermore, we have reviewed the optimization of IVM culture conditions in recent years along with the effects of IVM on genes of oocytes and cumulus cells and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes. We aim to provide indications for future improvement of IVM technology so that the success rates of IVM technology in special populations can be improved. We hope that this mild and natural protocol can be applied to more populations, including individuals with normal ovulation.
简介:ActivinA,转变生长因素贝它(TGF-)的一个多功能的因素总科,被microglia和巨噬细胞主要生产,并且它的反煽动性并且支持inflammatory活动是与巨噬细胞功能有关的两个。然而,在vivo的剩余的巨噬细胞上的activinA的直接效果仍然保持不清楚。在现在的学习,结果显示出那activinA不仅不增加了并且IL-1版本,而且在vitro并且在vivo的鼠标腹巨噬细胞的支持的吞噬细胞的能力,而它没影响MHC我和MHCII表示。而且,我们显著地发现那activinAupregulatedCD14和CD68的表情,成熟巨噬细胞的标记,在在vitro并且在vivo的巨噬细胞的表面上。这些数据建议activinA能在vitro并且在vivo导致主要巨噬细胞成熟,但是不能经由调整涉及抗原的表示的MHC分子的表示触发获得的有免疫力的反应。
简介:Itisstandardpractice,wheneveraresearcherfindsanewgene,tosearchdatabasesforgenesthathaveasimilarsequence.Itisnotstandardpractice,wheneveraresearcherfindsanewgene,tosearchforgenesthathavesimilarexpression(coexpression).Failuretoperformco-expressionsearcheshasleadtoincorrectconclusionsaboutthelikelyfunctionofnewgenes,andhasleadtowastedlaboratoryattemptstoconfirmfunctionsincorrectlypredicted.WepresentheretheexampleofGliaMaturationFactorgamma(GMF-gamma).Despiteitsname,ithasnotbeenshowntoparticipateingliamaturation.ItisageneofunknownfunctionthatissimilarinsequencetoGMF-beta.ThesequencehomologyandchromosomallocationledtoanunsuccessfulsearchforGMF-gammamutationsinglioma.WeexaminedGMF-gammaexpressionin1432humancDNAlibraries.Highestexpressionoccursinphagocytic,antigen-presentingandotherhematopoieticcells.WefoundGMF-gammamRNAinalmosteverytissueexamined,withexpressioninnervoustissuenohigherthaninanyothertissue.OurevidenceindicatesthatGMF-gammaparticipatesinphagocytosisinantigenpresentingcells.Searchesforgeneswithsimilarsequencesshouldbesupplementedwithsearchesforgeneswithsimilarexpressiontoavoidincorrectpredictions.
简介:Maturationofthe4thphaseoocytesofmudskipperisinducedinvitrobysexpheromones,theextractofovary,testisandseminalvesicle,oxytocinianddeoxycorticosterone(DOC).Maturationratesofoocytesarerelatedtopheromonesandtheirdosages.ThesingleuseofprostaglandinE1(PGE1)isnoteffectiveintheinductionofmaturation,butthecombinationoIPGE1withHCGpromotesoocytematurationrates.Maturationisinducedbyinjectionsoftheextractoftheovaryatdosagesof0.01cm^3/afish,seminalvesicleextractatdosagesof0.1crn3/afish,testisextractatdosageof0.1cm^3/afish,orPGE1atdosageof10μg/fish,respectively.Amongthem,seminalvesicleextractisthemosteffectiveintheinductionofmaturation.Theartificialnests,withtheextractoftheovary,testisorseminalvesicleinside,attractmoreheterosexualmudskippersthanhomosexualmudskipperstoenter.Especially,theextractofseminalvesicleisthemosteffectiveinattractingfemales.Femalemudskipperscouldbeinducedtospawnbytheextractsofovary,testisandseminalvesicleplacedinsideboththeceramicandspongenests.Morespawnedeggsandhigherfertilizationratesareobservedintheceramicneststhaninthespongeones.
简介:STUDYONSOLUBILITYOFAPATITECERAMIESINVITROSTUDYONSOLUBILITYOFAPATITECERAMIESINVITROL.NingM.Xue(ShanghaiSecondMedicalUniversity...
简介:P28,a28kDproteinfromtoad(Bufobufogargarizans)oocytes,wasidentifiedbyusingP13^suc1-agaroseaffinitychromatography.Sequencehomologyanalysisofthefull-lengthcDNAofP28(GeneBankaccessionnumber:AF314091)indicatedthatitencodesaproteincontaining224amino-acidswithabout55%iden-titiesandmorethan70%positivestoencodesaproteincontaining224amino-acidswithabout55%iden-titiesandmorethan70%positivestohuman,ratormouseUCH-L1,andcontainshomologicalfunctionaldomainsofUCHfamily.Anti-p28monoclonalantibody,oninjectingintotheoocytes,couldinhibittheprogesterone-inducedresumptionofmeioticdivisioninadose-dependentmanner.TherecombinantproteinP28showedsimilarSDS/PAGEbehaviorstothenativeone,andpromotedubiquitinethylesterhydrolysis,aclassicalcatalyticreactionforubiquitincarboxylterminalhydrolases(UCHs).Theresultsinthispaperrevealthatanovelprotein,p28,existsinthetoadoocytes,isaUCHLlhomolog,wasengagedintheprocessofprogesterone-inducedoocytematurationpossiblythroughaninvolvementinproteinturnoveranddegradation.
简介:IntroductionAsoneofthemostfrequentlydiagnoseddevastatingdiseases,liverfailureisresponsibleforapproximatelytwomilliondeathsannuallyworldwidewithpoorprognosis1.Althoughlivertransplantationhasbeendevelopedforthemosteffectivetreatmentforliverfailure,itisfarfromdemandsforpatientsduetotheshortageofhigh-qualitydonorliversandexpensivetreatmentcosts.Currently,withthedevelopmentofcelltherapy,celltransplantationsincludingprimaryhumanhepatocytes(PHHs),humanhepatocyte-likecells(HLCs)andliverorganoidsareemergingasgreatpotentialtoolstoalleviatethisgrowingburden.
简介:Objective:Toclone,sequenceandexpresstheprimateβ-chemokineRANTESgenes,hRANTESfromH.sapiensandmRANTESfromM.Mulatta,inordertoexplorethepossibilityofAIDSgenetherapy.Methods:hRANTESandmRANTESwereamplifiedbyreversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)fromRNAsextractedfromphytoagglutinin(PHA)-activatedperipheralbloodlymphocytes,hRANTESwascloned,sequencedandexpressedinvitro,andmRANTESwasdirectlysequencedforhomologycomparison.Results:Anexpected276bpfragmentwasobtainedinbothamplifications,andsequencedatademonstratedarelativelyhighhomologyamongdifferentcopiesofhRANTES(97%),andhRANTESwasupto95.6%homologoustomRANTES.WhencomparedwithRANTESfromothermammals,hRANTESgaverisetoahomologyrangingfrom77%to86%.TheclonedhRANTESwasexpressedinvitroandapositivesignalofRANTESwasdetectedbydotblotting.Conclusion:Thefull-lengthofhRANTESsequencewassubmittedtoGenBankandhadbeenreleased.OurmRANTESsequenceisfirstreportedandnotyetappearedinGenBank.ThesuccessfulcloningandexpressionofhRANTESwillprovideabasisforAIDSgenetherapyinthefuture.
简介:ThepurposeofthisinvestigationistodemonstratewhethertriptolidecaninhibitTNF-αselectivelyandtostudythemechanism.TheabilityoftriptolidetoinhibittheproductionofTNF-αandIFN-γstimulatedbylipopolysaccharide(LPS)andphytohemagglutinin(PHA)onperipheralbloodmononuclearcell(PBMC)fromhealthydonorswasmeasuredbyELISAassays.TheimmunologicalmechanismofactionoftriptolideonTNF-αwasinvestigatedbypre-treatmentwithtriptolideofPBMCandmonecytesfollowedbyanalysiswithFlowCytometry(FCM).TheinhibitionofTNF-αandIFN-γbytriptol-ideoccurredinadosedependentmannerandtheIC50wasequalto5-10ng/mlforTNF-aand0.1-1ng/mlforIFN-γ.TheconcentrationsofTNF-αmeasuredafterthedifferentpre-treatmentswithtriptolideonPBMCandmonecytesareconsistentwithitseffectsonapopulationofCD14^+/TNF-αmonecytesshownonFCM.Thetwomethodsofpre-treatmentswithtriptolidemaysuggestdifferentclinicalsignificances,ImmunophenotypinganalysiswithFCMrevealedthattriptolidemaycompetewithLPSforbindingtotheCD14receptor.Thestudyprovidesbasicevidencethattriptolidemaybeusedasananti-inflam-matoryreagentfortreatmentofleprosyreactions.
简介:Hybridbraidsofpolyglycolide(PGA)andchitosanwerepreparedbythethree-yarnbraidingmethodfromPGAandchitosanfiberbundles.Thesebraidswereinvitrodegradedbyincubatingtheminphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS)atpH7.4and37℃for5weeks.ResultssuggestedthatPGA/chitosanhybridbraidsdegradedsignificantly.ScanningelectronmicrographsshowedthatchitosanfibersinthePGA/chitosanhybridbraidwithabout750%PGAinweight(PGA75/chitosan)wereshapedintogel-likeafter5weeks,butthoseinthehybridbraidwithabout250%PGAinweight(PGA25/chitosan)didnotchange.After5weeks,theultimatetensileloadsofPGAandPGA75/chitosanbraidslostalmostcompletely,butthoseofchitosanandPGA25/chitosanbraidsremainedaround14N.ThePGA/chitosanhybridbraidswithhigherinitialultimatetensileloadwouldhavepotentialapplicationsintendon/ligamenttissuereconstruction.
简介:Micropropagationmostlyleadstotheproductionofinnumerabletrue-to-typeplants.However,establishingpathogen-freeexplantsthroughinvitroculturerequiresaprecisemanagementoftimefortheexposureofexplantstoantimicrobialchemicals.Theapplicationofantimicrobialchemicalsmustalsobemanagedtoimposetheleastinjuryonexplants.Thisreviewdiscussesthecontributionsofmicropropagationprocedures,explanttypes,subcultureduration,mediaingredientsandplantgrowthregulatorstotheinvitroresponseofconiferexplants.Eventhoughregenerationfrommatureconiferexplantssuchasmatureshootsarelaborious,thechancesofvariation,inducedinvitro,areunlikely.
简介:全部的联合代替是为有停用关节炎和联合机能障碍的病人的治疗的一个高度成功的外科的过程。随着时间的过去,与活动的高水平和关节的用法,然而植入穿粒子从明白表示的表面被产生。这些穿粒子能在implant(periprostheticosteolysis)附近导致煽动性的反应,和随后的骨头再吞的激活。单核白血球/巨噬细胞系的房间安排这长期的煽动性的回答,它被支持inflammatory(M1)统治巨噬细胞显型而非一反煽动性的支持织物的愈合(M2)巨噬细胞显型。当它被显示出时,那interleukin-4(IL-4)有选择地极化向支持骨头愈合的M2反煽动性的显型的巨噬细胞,而非发炎,很少对这在通过IL-4的极化在哪个是很有效的在发生或调节的时间功课被知道。这个工作的目标是与polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)的联合响应挑战学习鼠科的巨噬细胞极化和cytokine版本的时间功课粒子,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)和在vitro的IL-4。有IL-4的质问粒子的单核白血球/巨噬细胞的处理导致了支持inflammatorycytokines和可诱导的氮的氧化物synthase(iNOS)的起始的抑制生产和随后的极化进M2反煽动性的显型。当IL-4在PMMA粒子挑战前被交付时,这结果被优化,到M1显型而非到未遂(M0)巨噬细胞。这极化的效果在一堂5天的时间功课上被支撑。进M2显型的M1巨噬细胞的极化可以是策略减轻穿粒子联系periprostheticosteolysis。
简介:ObjectivesToinvestigatetheprotectiveeffectofthrombopoietin(TPO)onmyocardialcellsinvitro.MethodsH9C2celllinewasmaintainedinIscove’smodifiedDulbecco’smedium(IMDM)supplementedwith10%calfserum.Beatingcellsfromheartventriclesofneonatalheartwereculturedataninvitrosystem.Apoptosisofthecelllineabovewasinducedbytreatmentofdoxorubicin(DOX)andwasblockedbyTPO.CellsurvivalrateofH9C2cellwasmeasuredbytheMTTassay.Changesofbeatingrateofneonatalmyocardialcellswerecapturedbydigitalcameraandbeatingratewascalculated.Flowcytometrywasemployedtostudyanti-apoptoticeffectofTPObystainingJC-1proteintoH9C2cell.ResultsMTTassaydemonstratedthatdoxorubicinreducedcellsurvivalrateby73.8%±1.1%,50ng·mL-1and100ng·mL-1TPOincreasedcellsurvivalrateby84.6%±3.6%(P<0.05),86%±4%(P<0.01)atadose-dependentmanner.Beatingrateofprimaryneonatalmyocardialcellsalsodecreasedto15%±8%at48h,100ng·mL-1TPOimprovedbeatingrateto48%±11%(P<0.01).TPOdecreasedapoptoticratefrom19%±9%to11%±6%(P<0.05).ConclusionsTPOhasprotectiveeffectonmyocardialcellsinvitro.Anti-apoptosisisoneofthemechanismsbywhichTPOprotectsinjuredheart.
简介:Hostpreferencespineofthesawyerbeetle,Monochamusalternates(Hope),duringmaturationfeedingon8conifertreesand40massonpineprovenances,wereinvestigatedusing3typesoflaboratorybioassayofconsistentfeedingpreference,feedingareaandvisitationfrequency.M.alternatusadultshavethehighestfrequencyoffeedingandprefertofeedonthebranchesofP.massonianaandP.densifloraandhadsignificanthostselectivityon8conifertreesintheareaofNanjing.Theadultfeedingvi...