简介：雪糕里加入面包屑和果仁碎，这个主意似乎有点奇怪，但其实味道很不错呢!

简介：Abstract:Extrusionisanefficientmeasuretoimprovethetextureandphysic-chemicalpropertiesofbrownrice.Thepolynomialdegreetwomodelofextrusiontechnologicalparametersandgelatinizeddegree,waterabsorptionindex,watersolubleindexandmoisturecontentofextrudedmatterwasobtainedbymethodsofsinglefactorandresponsesurfacemethodology,R2=0.9649,0.8745,0.9079,0.8677.Theoptimaltechnoiogica!parametersofbrownriceextrusionwerefiguredoutasfollows:moisturecontentofbrownrice,11.42%,speedofscrew,30rpm,feedingspeed,and20rpm.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Although osteopontin (OPN) is expressed in the liver and pigment gallstones of patients with hepatolithiasis, its role in pigment gallstone formation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the function of OPN in pigment gallstone formation.Methods:Rats were fed a chow diet (CD) or lithogenic diet (LD) for 10 consecutive weeks; blocking tests were then performed using an OPN antibody (OPN-Ab). Incidence of gallstones and levels of several bile components, OPN, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were analyzed. To determine TNF-α expression in hepatic macrophages and both CYP7A1 and bile acid (BA) expression in liver cells, recombinant rat OPN and recombinant rat TNF-α were used to treat rat hepatic macrophages and rat liver cells, respectively. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used to analyze qualitative data, Student t-test or one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze qualitative data.Results:Incidence of gallstones was higher in LD-fed rats than in CD-fed rats (80% vs. 10%, P < 0.05). BA content significantly decreased in bile (t= -36.08, P < 0.01) and liver tissue (t= -16.16, P < 0.01) of LD-fed rats. Both hepatic OPN protein expression (t= 9.78, P < 0.01) and TNF-α level (t= 8.83, P < 0.01) distinctly increased in the LD group; what’s more, CYP7A1 mRNA and protein levels (t= -12.35, P < 0.01) were markedly down-regulated in the LD group. Following OPN-Ab pretreatment, gallstone formation decreased (85% vs. 25%, χ2 = 14.55, P < 0.01), liver TNF-α expression (F = 20.36, P < 0.01) was down-regulated in the LD group, and CYP7A1 expression (F = 17.51, P < 0.01) was up-regulated. Through CD44 and integrin receptors, OPN promoted TNF-α production in macrophage (F= 1041, P < 0.01), which suppressed CYP7A1 expression (F = 48.08, P < 0.01) and reduced liver BA synthesis (F= 119.4, P < 0.01).Conclusions:We provide novel evidence of OPN involvement in pigmented gallstone pathogenesis in rats.

简介：Alightbrownspotted-leafmutantofricewasisolatedfromanethanemethylsulfonate(EMS)-inducedIR64mutantbank.Themutant,designatedaslbsl1(lightbrownspotted-leaf1),displayedlightbrownspotinthewholegrowthperiodfromthefirstleaftotheflagleafundernaturalsummerfieldconditions.Agronomictraitsincludingplantheight,growthduration,numberoffilledgrainsperpanicle,seed-settingrateand1000-grainweightofthemutantweresignificantlyaffected.Geneticanalysisshowedthatthemutationwascontrolledbyasinglerecessivegene,tentativelynamedlbsl1(t),whichwasmappedtotheshortarmofchromosome6.Bydevelopingsimplesequencerepeat(SSR)markers,thegenewasfinallydelimitedtoanintervalof130kbbetweenmarkersRM586andRM588.Thelbsl1(t)geneislikelyanovelricespotted-leafgenesincenoothersimilargeneshavebeenidentifiednearthechromosomalregion.Thegeneticdataandrecombinationpopulationsprovidedwillfacilitatefurtherfine-mappingandcloningofthegene.

简介：炎炎夏日，漂亮女孩应拥有健康的深褐色肌肤，微微闪亮的双唇——Bobbi认为，这个夏日在眼部画上一抹微微闪亮、半透明的眼影，饰以两颊和唇部清新的点缀便是最漂亮的妆容了。

简介：棕色的planthopper，Nilaparvatalugens是在整个亚洲的栽培米饭的一个害虫并且用杀虫药剂或抵抗米饭变化被控制。这种开发了抵抗到杀虫药剂的许多班，遗传因子型开发了那对先前是剧毒的抵抗米饭栽培变种。昆虫使用detoxification酶的一间套房，包括保卫自己对的细胞色素P450s，谷胱甘肽S-transferases和carboxyl/cholinesterases种第二等的代谢物和杀虫剂。Roche454-FLX站台上的Pyrosequencing被用来生产补充存在Sanger的数据集定序的一个实质的表示顺序标签(EST)在GenBank的EST。一个总数78959读与37392公开地可得到的SangerEST被相结合；这些集合了进8911contigs和10620单条。分发的分析试验有为生物进程和分子的函数的基因本体论的唯一的基因(拖船)建议454并且SangerEST汇编N是广泛地代表性的。lugenstranscriptome。planthoppertranscriptome被发现包含编码P450s，九个编码谷胱甘肽S-transferases和这些的26编码carboxyl/cholinesterases和许多的31条拖船的褐通常认为地涉及xenobiotics的detoxification。AgilenteArray站台被用来构造为19000个unigene序列与探针占据的oligonucleotidemicroarray，包括知道编码detoxification酶的所有那些。在这研究开发的genomic资源将对学习这个庄稼害虫的社区有用并且将帮助阐明位于杀虫药剂抵抗和planthopper改编下面到抵抗米饭栽培变种的分子的机制。

简介：TheimpactofBrownCarbon(BrC)toaerosollightabsorptionhasbeenpaidmoreattentionrecentlyandtherearealargenumberofstudiesshowingthattheinfluenceofBrConradiativeforcingshouldnotbeignored.BrCalsoactsasanimportantcomponentofhazepollutionwhichisoccurringfrequentlyinWuhan,China.Therefore,itisessentialtoestimatetheiropticalproperties,composition,andmassconcentration.Consideringmosthazepollutionhappensduringthecoldesttime,weretrievedBrCcolumnarcontentduringwinterinWuhanforthefirsttime.OurmethodbasesonthefactthatBrCshowedthestrongspectraldependenceonUV-lightabsorption.Usingthismethod,wefoundthatBrCmakesupthesmallproportionsoftotalaerosolvolume(lessthan10％).Inthewinterof2011,weretrievedthedaily-averagedcolumnar-integratedmassconcentrationofBrConcleardayis4.353mg/m2whilethatofhazedayis12.750mg/m2.Accordingtothesensitivitystudy,wefoundthattheresultshighlyreliedontheassumedaerosolrefractiveindex.Toreducetheuncertaintyofthisapproach,weneedtogainabetterunderstandingofthetemporalvariabilityoftheradiationabsorbingcomponentsoftheseaerosolsinthefuture.

简介：布朗水藻(Chromista，Ochrophyta，Phaeophyceae)是多细胞的水藻的一个大组在海洋生态系统和生物多样性起重要作用。然而，为学习他们新陈代谢的特征妨碍了的种系发生的进化和小说的差的分子的库在这个领域里进行。在这研究，我们在中国定序棕色的水藻的18主要种类的denovotranscriptome，盖住六份订单和七个家庭，用高产量的定序站台IlluminaHiSeq2000。从这的transcriptome数据18种类和Ectocarpussiliculosus和Phaeodactylumtricornutum的公开可得到的染色体数据，我们识别了108原子产生orthologous基因并且基于一个multigene方法在这些棕色的水藻之中澄清了种系发生的关系。这些棕色的水藻能被分开成二clades：CladeIshigeales-Dictyotales和CladeEctocarpales-Laminariales-Desmarestiale-Fucales。前者在种系发生的树的底，当后者被划分成二根树枝时，显示它的早分叉，与从订单Ectocarpales，Laminariales，和Desmarestiale分叉的顺序Fucales。在我们分类有争议的种类的分析，马尾藻类海草fusiforme和Saccharinasculpera被发现是仔细与类马尾藻类海草和Saccharina有关，分别地当Petalonia扁带显示出可能的关系到类Scytosiphon时。学习为棕色的水藻的种系发生的分类提供了分子的证据。

简介：2007年秋季冷艳性感的妆容绝对属于灰褐色调烟熏的眼妆．哑光色调的腮红以及自然裸色的唇部!

简介：农业庄稼的大规模耕作为领域害虫管理要求疾病的即时察觉。Hyperspectral遥感数据通常高光谱分辨率，它能为在叶和华盖在绿植被检测疾病应力很有用铺平。在这研究，在实验室和领域的大米的hyperspectral反射被测量描绘光谱区域和wavebands，它对棕色的点由Bipolarisoryzae感染了的大米最敏感(HelminthosporiumoryzaeBreda。deHann)。叶反射与感染的叶表面的增加的百分比在450～500nm和630～680nm的范围增加了，并且在520～580nm的范围减少了，760～790nm，1550～1750nm，并且有感染的叶表面的增加的百分比的2080～2350nm分别地。敏感分析和衍生物技术被用来为棕色的点由B感染了的米饭的察觉选择敏感wavebands。oryzae。米饭叶反射的比率作为棕色的点的指示物被评估。R669/R746(在669nm的反射在746nm由反射划分了，下列比率可以被类比推出)，R702/R718，R692/R530，R692/R732，R535/R746，R521/R718，并且R569/R718作为棕色的点不管它是否在叶或华盖水平有增加了的米饭的发生显著地增加了。R702/R718，R692/R530，R692/R732是为估计米饭褐的疾病严厉的三比率在叶和华盖层次看到的最好。这结果不仅在在真实世界上为精确害虫管理描绘庄稼疾病证实hyperspectral遥感数据的能力，而且证明庄稼反射的比率是一个有用方法估计庄稼疾病严厉。

简介：Brownplanthopper(BPH)isaninsectspeciesthatfeedsonthevascularsystemofriceplants.ToexaminethedefencemechanismofriceplantsagainstBPH,thepathogenesis-relatedgenes(PR1a,PR2,PR3,PR4,PR6,PR9,PR10a,PR13,PR15andPRpha),signalingmoleculesynthesisgenes(AOS,AXR,ACOandLOX),antioxidant-relatedgenes(CAT,TRX,GSTandSOD)andligninbiosynthesis-relatedgenes(CHS,CHIandC4H)wereinvestigatedinaresistantricevariety.AOS,PR6,PR9andPR15genesshowedsignificantlyincreasedrelativeexpressionlevelsat24.38-,19.17-,14.71-,and12.74-foldcomparedtothecontrol.Moderateincreasedrelativeexpressionlevelsofligninbiosynthesis-relatedgene(C4H),pathogenesis-relatedgenes(PR4,PR10aandPRpha),andantioxidant-relatedgene(GST)werefound,whileCHI,LOX,SOD,TRX1andAXRshoweddecreasedrelativeexpressionlevels.Itwasthusclearlyshownthatwound-inducedresponsegeneswereactivatedinriceplantsafterBPHattacksthroughAOSactivation.JasmonicacidsignalingmoleculemayactivatePR6,PR15,GSTandCATsubsequentlyincreasingtheirexpressionforH2O2detoxification.PR6wereexpressedatthehighestrelativelevelamongthePRgenes.ThesegenesthereforehavealsoaconsiderablesynergisticrolewiththeothergenesagainstBPHbyinterferedtheirdigestiontractsystem.

简介：Outof1989wildaccessionssowninseedboxesforscreening,only1003wildaccessionswithgoodgerminationwerescreenedagainstbrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens(St?l)undergreenhouseconditions.Thecollectioncomprisedofaccessionsfrom11wildspeciesandAfricancultivatedrice.ThegermplasmwasscreenedforBPHfollowingstandardseedboxscreeningtechniqueinthegreenhouse.Asmanyas159accessionswereidentifiedasresistantduringtheyear2012basedononeyearscreening.AselectedsetofBPHresistantaccessionswerescreenedagainduring2013.Basedonthetwoyearsscreening,sevenaccessionsofO.nivara(AA),oneaccessionofO.officinalis(CC),sevenaccessionsofO.australiensis(EE),fiveaccessionsofO.punctata(BBandBBCC)andnineaccessionsofO.latifolia(CCDD)wereconfirmedtoberesistanttoBPH.SofarnoBPHresistancegeneshavebeenidentifiedanddesignatedfromO.nivaraandO.punctata,hencethesemayactasnewsourcesofresistance.

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简介：Ininsects,thegustatorysystemplaysacrucialroleinmultiplephysiologicalbehaviors,includingfeeding,toxinavoidance,courtship,matingandoviposition.Gustatorystimulifromtheenvironmentarerecognizedbygustatoryreceptors.Todate,littleisknownaboutthefunctionofgustatoryreceptorsinagriculturalpestinsects.Inthisstudy,weclonedasugargustatoryreceptorgene,N/Gr11,fromthebrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens(Stal),aseriouspestofriceinAsia;wethenidentifieditsligands,namely,fructose,galactoseandarabinose,bycalciumimagingassay.AfterinjectionofN/Gr11doublestrandedRNA,wefoundthatthenumberofeggslaidbyBPHdecreased.Moreover,wefoundthatN/Gr11inhibitedthephosphorylationofadenosinemonophosphate-activatedproteinkinase(AMPK)andpromotedthephosphorylationofproteinkinaseB(AKT).ThesefindingsdemonstratedthatN/Gr11couldacceleratethefecundityofBPHthroughAMPK-andAKT-mediatedsignalingpathways.Thisisthefirstreporttoindicatethatagustatoryreceptormodulatesthefecundityofinsectsandthatthereceptorcouldbeapotentialtargetforpestcontrol.

简介：138米饭就职为抵抗被屏蔽到小棕色的植物hopper(SBPH)(Laodelphaxstriatellus掉落)由屏蔽测试的修改种子箱。有抵抗toSBPH的不同层次的25米饭就职被检测，为18.1%全部的就职的财务，它包括了2高度抵抗，9抵抗并且14中等抗性品种。与indica米饭相比，装饰用的梨树米饭更产生SBPH。Antixenosis测试，抗生现象测试和相关分析被执行阐明抗性机制。抵抗检查RathuHeenati(RHT)，高度，抗性品种Mudgo和Kasalath，和抗性品种IR36对SBPH表示了强壮的antixenosis和抗生现象，在四个米饭变化显示在抵抗水平和这二抗性机制之间的靠近的关系。抗生现象由于他们的高抗生现象是在抗性品种Daorenqiao和Yangmaogu的主导的抵抗模式但是低antixenosis。Dular，ASD7和Milyang23有相对强壮的antixenosis和抗生现象，显示二抗性机制在这三个变化是重要的。表示的抵抗DV85antixenosis相对高级却低抗生现象而授与的Zhaiyeqing8和Guiyigu仅仅节制抗生现象和antixenosis到SBPH，在这三个变化建议忍耐。抗生现象和antixenosis在9311.Antixenosis是的中等抵抗的就职管理了抵抗到SBPH在V20A的主要抵抗类型。忍耐被认为由于他们的差的抗生现象和antixenosis抵抗是在Minghui63和Yangjing9538的重要抗性机制。有强壮的抗生现象或antixenosis的上述就职是为繁殖的抵抗的理想的材料。

简介：有时，极端天气为由引起突然的人口倒塌或爆发的迁移的昆虫的人口幸存是重要的。几研究证明了米饭planthopper移植被台风显著地在东方亚洲影响。大多数台风发生在夏天，特别在8月。在8月，棕色的planthopperNilaparvatalugens(圣?l)向北方移居或向南方的取决于弯屈方向，并且因此，台风能潜在地影响它的迁居过程和人口分发。然而，这还没被学习了。这份报纸在N的夏天迁居上在台风Soudelor的效果上报导了案例研究。在在2015的东方中国的lugens。N的迁居小径。lugens被与辅助信息在长江山谷区域的八个县计算轨道和迁居事件在台风的影响下面为时期重建。轨道建模证明大多数候鸟在台风Soudelor的影响下面拿了短距离迁居(不到200km)。众多的N。lugens候鸟由于水平集中在8月9-13日在台风Soudelor的最后5天期间在台风的尾部被集中并且扔，并且这导致了一张爆发人口。这些结果显示了N。lugens人口被台风在夏天再分配并且在台风的尾部的人口动力学应该在靠近的监视下面被保留。这研究提供了卓见进适应大气的特征的迁移的有机体。

简介：雅诗兰黛旗下的另一顶级品牌BOBBIBROWN芭比·波朗近日在中国正式登陆。有来自国内演艺界，模特界，彩妆学术界，

简介：Ecdysteroid荷尔蒙20-hydroxyecdysone在昆虫postembryonic开发和复制起基本作用。几细胞色素P450mono-oxygenases(CYP)，由万圣节前夕基因编码了，被记录了在代表性的昆虫涉及ecdysteroidogenesis在双翅目，鳞翅目和直翅目。这里通常认为的万圣节前夕基因幽灵(Phm，cyp306a1)从hemipteran昆虫种，小棕色的planthopperLaodelphaxstriatellus，被克隆。LsPHM证明五只昆虫保存了P450主题，也就是说Helix-C，螺旋--我，Helix-K，PERF和heme有约束力的主题。LsPhm的时间、空间的表示模式被量的聚合酶链反应评估。通过第四中间形态并且早第五中间形态的阶段，LsPhm在白天2显示出二座表示山峰并且天4−5在白天1和3第四中间形态和天的第四中间形态的美女，和三马槽1第五中间形态。在白天5第四中间形态的美女上，LsPhm清楚地在prothoracic腺被定位的胸有高抄本水平。在美女阶段的LsPhm的双strandedRNA(dsRNA)的饮食的介绍成功地将目标基因击倒，蜕皮激素的减少的表示水平受体(LsEcR)基因并且引起了更高nymph的死亡率并且推迟了开发。LsPhm-dsRNA-exposed美女上的20-hydroxyecdysone的摄取没增加LsPhm表达式水平，但是几乎完全救LsEcRmRNA水平，并且在幸存和开发上减轻否定效果。因此，我们的数据建议通常认为的LsPhm编码在L催化ecdysteroids的生合成的功能的25-hydroxylase。striatellus。