简介：TheimpactofBrownCarbon(BrC)toaerosollightabsorptionhasbeenpaidmoreattentionrecentlyandtherearealargenumberofstudiesshowingthattheinfluenceofBrConradiativeforcingshouldnotbeignored.BrCalsoactsasanimportantcomponentofhazepollutionwhichisoccurringfrequentlyinWuhan,China.Therefore,itisessentialtoestimatetheiropticalproperties,composition,andmassconcentration.Consideringmosthazepollutionhappensduringthecoldesttime,weretrievedBrCcolumnarcontentduringwinterinWuhanforthefirsttime.OurmethodbasesonthefactthatBrCshowedthestrongspectraldependenceonUV-lightabsorption.Usingthismethod,wefoundthatBrCmakesupthesmallproportionsoftotalaerosolvolume(lessthan10％).Inthewinterof2011,weretrievedthedaily-averagedcolumnar-integratedmassconcentrationofBrConcleardayis4.353mg/m2whilethatofhazedayis12.750mg/m2.Accordingtothesensitivitystudy,wefoundthattheresultshighlyreliedontheassumedaerosolrefractiveindex.Toreducetheuncertaintyofthisapproach,weneedtogainabetterunderstandingofthetemporalvariabilityoftheradiationabsorbingcomponentsoftheseaerosolsinthefuture.

简介：布朗水藻(Chromista，Ochrophyta，Phaeophyceae)是多细胞的水藻的一个大组在海洋生态系统和生物多样性起重要作用。然而，为学习他们新陈代谢的特征妨碍了的种系发生的进化和小说的差的分子的库在这个领域里进行。在这研究，我们在中国定序棕色的水藻的18主要种类的denovotranscriptome，盖住六份订单和七个家庭，用高产量的定序站台IlluminaHiSeq2000。从这的transcriptome数据18种类和Ectocarpussiliculosus和Phaeodactylumtricornutum的公开可得到的染色体数据，我们识别了108原子产生orthologous基因并且基于一个multigene方法在这些棕色的水藻之中澄清了种系发生的关系。这些棕色的水藻能被分开成二clades：CladeIshigeales-Dictyotales和CladeEctocarpales-Laminariales-Desmarestiale-Fucales。前者在种系发生的树的底，当后者被划分成二根树枝时，显示它的早分叉，与从订单Ectocarpales，Laminariales，和Desmarestiale分叉的顺序Fucales。在我们分类有争议的种类的分析，马尾藻类海草fusiforme和Saccharinasculpera被发现是仔细与类马尾藻类海草和Saccharina有关，分别地当Petalonia扁带显示出可能的关系到类Scytosiphon时。学习为棕色的水藻的种系发生的分类提供了分子的证据。

简介：大多数phaeophytes(棕色的水藻)和rhodophytes(红水藻)专门在海洋的产地居住并且在海洋的生态学和生物多样性起重要作用。许多这些棕色、红的水藻也是为象由于他们的唯一的新陈代谢和代谢物的食物，药和材料那样的工业的重要资源。然而，因为差的分子的底，包围他们的起源，早多样化，分类，和特殊新陈代谢的许多基本问题在棕色、红的海藻的学习仍然保持未解决。作为1000植物工程的部分，从瓷器海岸的19Phaeophyceae种类和21Rhodophyta种类的海洋的macroalgaltranscriptomes被定序，盖住2数，3个班，11份订单，和19个家庭的一个总数。2Gb的一般水准每样品和一个总数，RNA-seq未加工的数据的87.3Gb被产生。为每件棕色的海藻的样品的约15000～25000unigenes和为每件红海藻的样品的5000～10000unigenes被注解并且分析。注解结果在在红水藻和棕色的水藻之间的基因表示和染色体特征显示出明显的差别；这些差别能甚至在多细胞、单细胞的红水藻之间被看见。结果阐明关于在phaeophytes和rhodophytes以内的种系发生的分类的一些基本问题，并且也揭示许多新奇新陈代谢的小径。这些小径包括海藻的CO2固定和特别糖类在棕色、红的水藻的新陈代谢，和相关基因/基因家庭特征和进化。这些调查结果在已知的海藻的基因信息上造并且显著地改进我们这些海洋的水藻的海藻的生物学，生物多样性，进化，和潜在的利用的理解。

简介：Laminariajaponica,Undariapinnatifida,Ulvalactuca,GrateloupiaturuturuandPalmariapalmataaresuitablespeciesthatfittherequirementsofaseaweed-animalintegratedaquaculturesystemintermsoftheirviablebiomass,rapidgrowthandpromisingnutrientuptakerates.Inthisinvestigation,theresponsesoftheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldofthefivealgalspeciesintumbleculturewereassessedatatemperaturerangeof10~30℃.TheresultsrevealedthatUlvalactucawasthemostresistantspeciestohightemperature,withstanding30℃for4hwithoutapparentdeclineintheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyield.WhilethearcticalgaPalmariapalmatawasthemostvulnerableone,showingsignificantdeclineintheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldat25℃for2h.Thecold-waterspeciesLaminariajaponica,however,demonstratedstrongabilitytocopewithhighertemperature(24~26℃)forshortertime(within24h)withoutsignificantdeclineintheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyield.Grateloupiaturuturushowedageneraldecreaseintheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldwiththerisingtemperaturefrom23to30℃,similartothetemperatekelpUndariapinnatifida.Changesofchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldsofthesealgaewerecharacterizeddifferentlyindicatingtheexistenceofspecies-uniquestrategytocopewithhighlight.Measurementsoftheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldaftershortexposuretodirectsolarirradiancerevealedhowlongtheseexposurescouldbewithoutsignificantphotoinhibitionorwithpromisingrecoveryinphotosyntheticactivities.SeasonalpatternofalternationofalgalspeciesintankcultureintheNorthernHemisphereatthelatitudeof36°Nwasproposedaccordingtothesebasicmeasurements.

简介：Thiscontributionanalyzesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthemeasuredactivitiesof137Csandexcess210Pb(210Pbex)inthecultivatedbrownandcinnamonsoilsoftheYimengMountainarea,discussestheinfluenceofsoiltextureonthemeasurementof210Pbex,andpresentsdifferencesbetweenthetwotypesofsoils.FieldsAandBwereselectedtorepresentthefieldsthatcontaincultivatedbrownandcinnamonsoils,respectively.Fromeitherstudyfield,onesiteofsectionedcoreandsixbulkcoreswerecollectedtomeasure137Cslevels,210Pbexlevels,andtheparticle-sizecompositionofsoilsamples.Threeundisturbedsoilsampleswerecollectedtomeasurecapillaryandaerationporosities.The137Csinventoriesforthetwostudyfieldsareverysimilar.The137Csisaman-maderadionuclide,whichmeansthatitsmeasuredlevelsforsoilsareunaffectedbysoiltexture.Incontrast,levelsofthenaturallyoccurring210PbexofsoilsfromFieldAwerelowerthanthoseofFieldBbyabout50%.Incontrasttoaquaticsediments,levelsof210Pbexinterrestrialsurfacesoilsareaffectedbytheemanationof222Rnfromthesoils.Itcanbeassumedthatthecoarserthesoils,thegreatertheemanationof222Rn;inaddition,thelowerthemeasured210Pbex,thegreatertheunderestimateofthisvalue.ThecultivatedbrownsoilsinFieldAarecoarserthanthecultivatedcinnamonsoilsinFieldB.Asaresult,222RninFieldAwilldiffusemoreeasilyintotheatmospherethanthatinFieldB.Asaconsequence,themeasured210PbexinsoilsfromFieldAismuchlowerthantheactualvalue,whereasthevaluemeasuredforFieldBismuchclosertotheactualvalue.