江苏灌云高级中学孙占霞
宾语补足语就是对宾语的情况进行补充说明。它可以是名词、代词、介词、形容词、副词以及非谓语动词。当然考查的重点是非谓语动词。
1.have在英语中有两个意思、两个功能
1)让……处于……状态
a.have+n+do:让……表达宾语和动词是主动关系。
HaveTomdoit.让汤姆做这件事情。
b.have+n+doing:让……一直
Don’thavethewaterrunning.
c.have+n+done:表示宾语和动词的关系是被动,或者表示遭受……
I’llhavemyhaircutthisafternoon.今天下午去理发。
Ihadmywalletstolen./Ihadmypocketspickedwhiletakingabus.乘车时我钱包被偷了/口袋被掏了。
Ihadmyleghurt/brokenwhileplayingfootball.我踢球时把腿踢伤了/踢断了。
2)有
have+n+todo/tobedone
Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?用被动表示此动作不是前面主语发出的。
—Wouldyouliketogooutwithus?
—I‘dliketo,butIIhavemanyclothestowash.用主动表示此动作是前面主语发出的。
但是,buy不管是不是前面主语发出的,只能用tobuy.
Iamgoingtosupermarketsforshopping.Doyouhaveanythingtobuy?
2.leave+n+adj/adv/prep+doing/done.
a.Wholeftthedooropen?Itissocoldoutside?
b.Wholeftthedooron/out?
c.Iwasoftenleftbymyselfwhenmyparentswereout.
leave+n+doing(表一直)/done(表被动).
d.Don’tleavethewaterrunningallthetime.
e.Ispenttoomuchtimeoncomputergames,leavingmyhomeworkunfinished.
3.感官动词+n+do(表示主动)/doing(表示正在进行)/done(表示被动)
Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplayground.
Isawthestudentsplayingbasketballontheplayground.
Isawthemseatedatthebackoftheclassroom.
4.make
1)使。。。处于。。。的状态make+n+prep/adj/do/done/
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.
Wearedoingwhatwecantomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.
MakeTomdoit.
Itrytomakemyselfunderstood/heard.
2)做……
Imadecandlestogivelights.我做蜡烛为了照明。
5.Keep
1)keep+n+adj/adv/prep
Iworkoutregularlytokeepmyselfhealthy.
Howcanyoukeepthelightsonallthetime?
Iwasoftenkeptathomealone.
2)keep+n+doing/done
Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.
Keepmeinformedofwhatwillhappeninthefuture.
6.get+n+doing(表一直)/done(表被动)/todo(主动)
a.Don’tgetthewaterrunningallthetime.不要让水一直流。
b.I’llgetmyhaircutthisafternoon.我今天下午将去理发。
c.I’llgetmystudentstoreadthetextaloud.我将让我的学生朗读课文。
7.with表示伴随和因果两种意思
1)with+n+adj/adv/prep
I’dliketosleepwiththedooropeninsummer.在夏天我想开着门睡觉。
I’dliketosleepwiththelightsonwhenIamleftalone.当我一个人的时候我喜欢开着灯睡觉。
Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.老师进来时手里拿着一本书。
2)with+n+doing(表达主动关系)/done(表达被动同时动作结束,要求动词是及物动词)/todo(表达被动同时表达动作未发生,要求动词是及物动词)
a.Withtheboyleadingtheway,Ihadnodifficultyinfindinghishouse.因为那个男孩带路,我很容易找到了他的家。
b.Withalotofthingstobuy,Iheadedforthesupermarket.因为有很多东西要买,我向超市走去。
c.WithallthethingsIneededbought,Iwenthome.
8.find
1)find+n+adj/prep/adv
a.IfindEnglisheasytolearn.=IfinditeasytolearnEnglish.
b.Isearchedeverywhereonlytofindmycellphoneinoneofmypocket.
c.WhenIreturnedfromholiday,Ifoundthelightsinmyhouseon.
2)find+n+doing(表正在进行)/done(表示被动)
WhenIenteredmyfather’sstudy,Ifoundhimsurroundedbymanypapersandlookingworried.