轻松面对宾语补足语

(整期优先)网络出版时间:2011-12-22
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轻松面对宾语补足语

孙占霞

江苏灌云高级中学孙占霞

宾语补足语就是对宾语的情况进行补充说明。它可以是名词、代词、介词、形容词、副词以及非谓语动词。当然考查的重点是非谓语动词。

1.have在英语中有两个意思、两个功能

1)让……处于……状态

a.have+n+do:让……表达宾语和动词是主动关系。

HaveTomdoit.让汤姆做这件事情。

b.have+n+doing:让……一直

Don’thavethewaterrunning.

c.have+n+done:表示宾语和动词的关系是被动,或者表示遭受……

I’llhavemyhaircutthisafternoon.今天下午去理发。

Ihadmywalletstolen./Ihadmypocketspickedwhiletakingabus.乘车时我钱包被偷了/口袋被掏了。

Ihadmyleghurt/brokenwhileplayingfootball.我踢球时把腿踢伤了/踢断了。

2)有

have+n+todo/tobedone

Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?用被动表示此动作不是前面主语发出的。

—Wouldyouliketogooutwithus?

—I‘dliketo,butIIhavemanyclothestowash.用主动表示此动作是前面主语发出的。

但是,buy不管是不是前面主语发出的,只能用tobuy.

Iamgoingtosupermarketsforshopping.Doyouhaveanythingtobuy?

2.leave+n+adj/adv/prep+doing/done.

a.Wholeftthedooropen?Itissocoldoutside?

b.Wholeftthedooron/out?

c.Iwasoftenleftbymyselfwhenmyparentswereout.

leave+n+doing(表一直)/done(表被动).

d.Don’tleavethewaterrunningallthetime.

e.Ispenttoomuchtimeoncomputergames,leavingmyhomeworkunfinished.

3.感官动词+n+do(表示主动)/doing(表示正在进行)/done(表示被动)

Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplayground.

Isawthestudentsplayingbasketballontheplayground.

Isawthemseatedatthebackoftheclassroom.

4.make

1)使。。。处于。。。的状态make+n+prep/adj/do/done/

Pleasemakeyourselfathome.

Wearedoingwhatwecantomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.

MakeTomdoit.

Itrytomakemyselfunderstood/heard.

2)做……

Imadecandlestogivelights.我做蜡烛为了照明。

5.Keep

1)keep+n+adj/adv/prep

Iworkoutregularlytokeepmyselfhealthy.

Howcanyoukeepthelightsonallthetime?

Iwasoftenkeptathomealone.

2)keep+n+doing/done

Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.

Keepmeinformedofwhatwillhappeninthefuture.

6.get+n+doing(表一直)/done(表被动)/todo(主动)

a.Don’tgetthewaterrunningallthetime.不要让水一直流。

b.I’llgetmyhaircutthisafternoon.我今天下午将去理发。

c.I’llgetmystudentstoreadthetextaloud.我将让我的学生朗读课文。

7.with表示伴随和因果两种意思

1)with+n+adj/adv/prep

I’dliketosleepwiththedooropeninsummer.在夏天我想开着门睡觉。

I’dliketosleepwiththelightsonwhenIamleftalone.当我一个人的时候我喜欢开着灯睡觉。

Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.老师进来时手里拿着一本书。

2)with+n+doing(表达主动关系)/done(表达被动同时动作结束,要求动词是及物动词)/todo(表达被动同时表达动作未发生,要求动词是及物动词)

a.Withtheboyleadingtheway,Ihadnodifficultyinfindinghishouse.因为那个男孩带路,我很容易找到了他的家。

b.Withalotofthingstobuy,Iheadedforthesupermarket.因为有很多东西要买,我向超市走去。

c.WithallthethingsIneededbought,Iwenthome.

8.find

1)find+n+adj/prep/adv

a.IfindEnglisheasytolearn.=IfinditeasytolearnEnglish.

b.Isearchedeverywhereonlytofindmycellphoneinoneofmypocket.

c.WhenIreturnedfromholiday,Ifoundthelightsinmyhouseon.

2)find+n+doing(表正在进行)/done(表示被动)

WhenIenteredmyfather’sstudy,Ifoundhimsurroundedbymanypapersandlookingworried.