Review: Hu Houxuan, "Xia and the Tu State in the Oracle Inscriptions: A Consideration" Gudai Chengbang Shi Yanjiu (Studies on Ancient City States) Renmin Press, 1989, Pp. 340-353.

ThisarticleverifiedthattheTustatementionedintheoracleinscriptionswastheXiapeopleaftertheXiaDynastyhadbeenconqueredbyTang,thefirstkingoftheShangDynastymc.a.16thcenturyB.C.ThestateofXia,whichoriginatedfromYu,wasentitled"XiaHou";itskingwashencecalled"XiaHouDi"(EmperorofXiaHou),e.g."XiaHouDiQi".TheXiapeople,togetherwiththeYin(Shang)people,andtheZhoupeople,weretheso-called"peopleofSanDai"(ThreeDynasties).Asmentionedin"Lunyu,Bayi",theyfoundedthestates,withtheXiapeoplebeingassociatedwiththepine,theYinpeoplewiththecypress,andtheZhoupeoplewiththechestnut.