简介:ThemicrostructuralchangesofFe83Si4B13amorphousmotheralloyduringtheheatingprocesswereinvestigatedbyLaserScanningConfocalMicroscopy(LSCM),andthephasetransformationwasdeterminedbytheThermo-Calccalculations.ThedifferencesinthemeltingpointsmeasuredbyDifferentialScanningCalorimetry(DSC)andLSCM,andthoseobtainedbyThermo-Calccalculationswerealsodiscussed.ItisfoundthatthemeltingpointsmeasuredbyDSCandLSCMarerelativelysimilar,whereastheonsetandendofthemeltingtemperaturescalculatedbyThermo-CalcsoftwarearehigherthanthosemeasuredbyDSCandobservedbyLSCM.
简介:基于轻质、高强和耐磨等诸多优势,铝基碳化硼复合材料已成为集结构/功能一体化的新型材料。本文采用粉末冶金及轧制方法,制备出厚度3.5mm、碳化硼质量分数为33%的B4C/Al复合材料板材,并对其疲劳性能和断裂机制进行分析。在1×107循环次数下,铝基碳化硼复合材料板材的疲劳强度达到110MPa。采用SEM对疲劳断口进行观察,结果表明B4C/Al复合材料疲劳断口可清楚的看到裂纹的萌生、扩展和失稳断裂的典型特征,但存在多种形式的疲劳启裂源。疲劳裂纹扩展路径取决于裂纹尖端塑性区的半径和B4C颗粒的间距大小,当增强颗粒的间距小于塑性区半径时,裂纹主要沿着颗粒的连接界面或断裂的碳化硼颗粒扩展,当增强颗粒的间距大于塑性区半径时,有利于裂纹尖端钝化,减缓裂纹的扩展和方向改变。
简介:基于国外定向凝固氧化物/氧化物共晶复合陶瓷的晶体生长动力学行为的研究成果,阐述其动力学机制,分析动力学因素对微观结构形态的影响,探讨晶体生长热力学、动力学行为与微观结构形态之间的关系,同时结合以燃烧合成、快速凝固技术制备的新型高强韧A12O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)共晶复合陶瓷,探讨共晶复合陶瓷在快速凝固条件下的晶体生长动力学行为。结合定向凝固与快速凝固两种晶体生长机制,得知过冷度、凝固界面前沿的温度梯度是影响晶体生长方式的重要因素,且受二者决定的凝固速率(即晶体生长速率)则决定材料的最终微观结构与形态。
简介:混合氧化物(Ce0.6Zr0.4O2)由帮助微波的加热一起沉淀准备了的CeO2-ZrO2被用作支持经由早期湿的受精的方法与各种各样的CuO内容(0wt.%15wt.%)准备一系列CuO/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂。获得的CuO/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2样品被N2吸附,XRD,拉曼,TEM和H2-TPR技术,和他们的催化活动描绘因为公司氧化被调查。结果证明CuO/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂的活动被CuO的内容强烈影响,并且有10wt.%CuO的催化剂在公司氧化展出了最好的催化活动,它能在催化剂被归因于CuO,和高氧空缺集中的高分散和reducibility。
简介:Eu2+andDy3+codoped(Ca,Sr)7(SiO3)6Cl2yellowphosphorsweresuccessfullysynthesizedbyself-fluxmethod.Thestructure,morphologyandphotoluminescencepropertieswereinvestigatedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andphotoluminescencespectra.Theas-preparedphosphorshowedabroademissionspectrumcenteredat550nmforEu2+single-dopedphosphor,whilelocatedat548–544nmfortheEu2+,Dy3+codopedsamplesunderexcitationat380nmlight.TheemissionintensitywasgreatlyimprovedwhenDy3+wasdopedintothe(Ca,Sr)7(SiO3)6Cl2:Eu2+system.Thecomposition-optimizedsamplewith3mol.%ofDy3+andconstant10mol.%ofEu2+exhibiteda220%PLenhancementcomparedtothephosphorwith10mol.%Eu2+single-doped.Meanwhile,itwasfoundthatthequantumefficiencyofphosphornamely(Ca,Sr)7(SiO3)6Cl2:3mol.%Dy3+,10mol.%Eu2+couldgetupto24.6%.Thesynthesizedyellow-emitting(Ca,Sr)7(SiO3)6Cl2:Dy3+,Eu2+isapromisingcandidateashigh-efficiencyyellowphosphorforNUV-excitedwhiteLEDs.
简介:DirectextractionofmetalsfromsolidswithcomplexingagentsinsupercriticalCO2(SC-CO2)hasrecentlyattractedinterestsinseparation,purification,recovery,andanalysisofmetals.Inthepresentstudy,thestatic/dynamicextractionofrareearthelements(Nd,Ce)fromtheiroxides(Nd2O3,CeO2)withorganophosphoruscomplexeswithHNO3andH2OinSC-CO2wasinvestigated.ThestaticextractionefficiencyofNdfromNd2O3withthetri-n-butylphosphate(TBP)-HNO3complexcouldreach95%underoptimizedexperiment...
简介:采用粉末冶金快速热压法制备B4C/Al中子吸收材料,对其进行T6态热处理,通过对材料的密度、硬度与抗弯强度等性能的测试以及材料微观组织、物相组成和弯曲断口形貌的观察与分析,研究成形压力、热压压力与温度以及B4C颗粒含量的影响。结果表明,B4C/Al复合材料的物相组成为Al和B4C;B4C颗粒均匀地镶嵌在基体中,颗粒与基体结合紧密。材料密度随压制压力增加而增大,随B4C含量增加而降低,在热压压力和温度共同作用下,铝合金液充分填充压坯孔隙从而实现高致密。当B4C的质量分数为30%时,在150MPa预成形压力下压制、530℃/10MPa条件下热压后所得B4C/Al复合材料的相对密度最高,达到99.87%,断裂方式为韧性断裂。经T6态热处理后,硬度HB和抗弯强度均提高,分别达到123.49和394.117MPa,断裂方式转变为脆性断裂。
简介:采用Al-5Ti-B变质剂对过共晶Al-18Si合金进行反向变质处理,用光学显微镜观察合金的组织与形貌,研究变质剂加入量、变质温度和冷却速度对初晶硅的尺寸、形态和面积分数以及共晶组织的影响。研究表明:当Al-5Ti-B加入量(质量分数)为0.3%时,变质处理后Al-18Si合金中的初晶硅和共晶硅尺寸明显减小,初晶硅的面积分数减小;与其相比,变质剂加入量增加到0.6%时,初晶硅尺寸变化不明显,但共晶硅进一步细化;随冷却速率降低,变质处理后Al-18Si合金中初晶硅相的数量减少,但Si颗粒尺寸明显增大,并且共晶硅细化;与Al-18Si合金在720℃变质相比,该合金在780℃变质处理时,初晶硅的尺寸增大,但初晶硅的面积分数显著减小;合金在850℃变质处理后初晶硅的尺寸、面积分数都比720℃变质处理后明显减小;随变质温度升高,Al-Si合金中的共晶硅明显细化。
简介:YPO_4phosphorssingle-dopedwithSb~(3+)orGd~(3+)andco-dopedwithSb~(3+)andGd~(3+)werepreparedbyasolid-statereactionmethod.Thephasepurity,morphology,photoluminescenceexcitationandemissionpropertiesofthepreparedphosphorswereinvestigated.TheresultsshowedthatSb~(3+)couldsensitizeGd~(3+)intheco-dopedphosphorswhichmadethephosphorsexcitablebyshort-waveultraviolet(UV)atawavelengthbetween220and260nm.Under253.7nmexcitation,theco-dopedphosphorsY_(1–x–y)PO_4:Sb~(3+)x,Gd~(3+)yshowedstrongemissionofGd~(3+)atawavelengthof312nmwhoseintensitychangedwiththedopingconcentrationsofGd~(3+)andSb~(3+).TheoptimizedY_(0.77)PO_4:Sb~(3+)0.07,Gd~(3+)0.16phosphorshowedanintensitycomparabletocommercialLaPO_4:Cephosphor(UVB-315),makingitapotentialcandidateformercurylow-pressuredischargenarrow-bandUV-Bemittinglamps.
简介:Steelmakingisenergyandmaterialintensive.Thatiswhysteelisalwaysdemonizedandconfrontedwithincriminationsandrequirementsforreductionofitsenvironmentalimpact.Thosepuredemands-likeforemissiontradingareshort-sightedastheydonotbaseonanintegratedapproach.InsteadtheymerelyconsiderCO2emissionsduringtheproductionprocess.Aforward-looking,globalclimateandenvironmentalpolicyneedsasustainablelifecycleapproach.Thereforeitmustforexamplealsotakeintoaccountthecontributionofsteeltowardscuttingemissionsinitsapplication-intheenergy.automotiveandhouseholdsectors.Steelwillplayakeyroleinclimateprotection.One-thirdoftheremainingCO2reductiontargetplannedinGermanyby2020canonlybeachievedwiththehelpofinnovativesteelproductsandtheirapplications.ThisistheconclusionofanindependentstudybyTheBostonConsultingGroup(BCG)onbehalfofSteelInstituteVDEh,andGermanSteelFederation.ThestudycomparesCO2savingsfromimportantinnovativesteelapplications(suchasmoreefficientpowerstations,windturbines,orlightervehicles)withCO2emissionscausedbysteelproduction.Byadoptingthiscomprehensiveperspective,thestudyforthefirsttimeprovidesaCO2balanceforthematerialsteelbycomparingtheCO2reductionsmadepossiblethroughinnovativesteelapplicationswiththeCO2emissionsresultingfromsteelproduction.ThebalancewascalculatedonthebasisofeightselectedinnovativesteelapplicationsinGermanyfortheperiod2007to2020,wherebytheCO2emissionscausedbysteelproductionwereconsideredthroughouttheentirelifecycleoftheparticularsteeluse.Fortheselectedexamples,theuseofinnovativesteelsresultedinatotalsavingspotentialof74MtofCO2in2020.Thecalculationsarebasedonconservativeassumptions;forexamplewithoutcountingofpotentialsbyexportedsteelorbycomparisonwithcompetitivematerials.TheproductionofsteelinGermany,includingtheextractiono