简介：病例1：患者女性,42岁,因＂间断腹泻18年,加重伴呕吐2个月＂于2010-09-16就诊于北京协和医院。18年前因进食生冷食物出现腹泻,为黄色水样便,量约300~500mL/次,每日5~6次,因夜间腹泻而影响睡眠,伴脐周胀痛,便后缓解,无黏液脓血便,无发热。外院曾考虑＂胃肠炎＂、＂肠易激综合征（IBS）＂,予止泻等对症治疗后好转。此后间断发作类似腹泻,每1~2周1次。

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheefficacyofthe14-dmoxifloxacinbasedtripletherapyforthesecond-lineeradicationofHelicobacterpylori(H.pylori)infection.METHODS:Between2011and2013,weconductedaretrospectivereviewofthemedicalrecordsof160patientswhohadexperiencedfailureoftheirfirst-lineprotonpumpinhibitor-basederadicationtherapyandsubsequentlyreceivedthemoxifloxacin-basedtripletherapyasasecond-lineeradicationtreatmentregimen.Thepatientswhoweretreatedwiththemoxifloxacinbasedtripletherapy(oral20mgrabeprazoleb.i.d.,1000mgamoxicillinb.i.d.,and400mgmoxifloxacinq.d.)for7dwereassignedtotheRAM-7group(n=79)whilethosewhotookthemfor14dayswereassignedtoRAM-14group(n=81).Theeradicationratesforbothgroupsweredeterminedbyintentionto-treat(ITT)andper-protocol(PP)analyses.ITTanalysiscomparedthetreatmentgroupsasoriginallyallocatedwhilethePPanalysisincludingonlythosepatientswhohadcompletedthetreatmentasoriginallyallocated.SuccessfuleradicationtherapyforH.pyloriinfectionwasdefinedasthedocumentationofanegative13C-ureabreathtest4wkaftertheendoftheeradicationtreatment.RESULTS:TheoverallITTeradicationratewas76.2%(122/160).ThefinalITTeradicationrateswere70.8%(56/79;95%CI:63.3%-77.1%)intheRAM-7groupand81.4%(66/81;95%CI:74.6%-88.3%)intheRAM-14group(P=0.034).TheoverallPPeradicationratewas84.1%(122/145),andthefinalPPeradicationrateswere77.7%(56/72;95%CI:70.2%-85.3%)intheRAM-7groupand90.4%(66/73;95%CI:82.8%-98.1%)intheRAM-14group(P=0.017).TheH.pylori-eradicationratesintheRAM-14groupweresignificantlyhighercomparedwiththatoftheRAM-7groupaccordingtoboththeITT(P=0.034)andthePPanalyses(P=0.017).Bothgroupsexhibitedgoodtreatmentcompliance(RAM-7/RAM-14group:100%/100%).Theadverseeventrateswere19.4%(14/72)and20.5%(15/73)intheRAM-7andRAM-14groups,respectively(P=0.441).Adverseeventsoccurredin14

简介：目的观察前列腺素E1联合复方丹参注射液治疗肝硬化的临床疗效.方法选择60例肝硬化病人,随机分两组,治疗组给予前列腺素E1联合复方丹参注射液治疗,对照组常规给予能量合剂和维生素类治疗2月.结果治疗组患者的肝功能、肝纤维化指标及腹部B超检查结果获得改善,其改善程度普遍优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论该方法具有保护肝组织、降低门静脉压力、抑制肝纤维化的作用.

简介：瞄准：Disabled-2(DAB2)是在卵巢的癌症识别否定地影响生长因素和块地岬活动的致有丝分裂信号转导变异的候选人tumor-suppressor基因。在最近的研究，我们用cDNA在ESCC观察了DAB2抄本的下面规定微数组。在现在的学习，我们试图在食道的肿瘤发生决定DAB2蛋白质的损失的临床的意义，假设那个DAB2倡导者调停hypermethylation的基因silencing可以说明蛋白质的损失。方法：DAB2表示被免疫组织化学在50主要食道的有鳞的房间分析癌(ESCC)，30不同增生，15发育异常和10非恶意的食道的纸巾。决定倡导者hypermethylation是否在ESCC贡献DAB2表示的损失，DAB2倡导者的甲基化地位用methylation特定的PCR在DAB2免疫否定的肿瘤被分析。结果：DAB2蛋白质的损失在5/30(17%)被观察增生，10/15(67%)发育异常和34/50(68%)ESCC。DAB2蛋白质的重要损失从食道的正常粘膜被观察到增生，发育异常和侵略癌症(P(趋势)<0.001)。DAB2的倡导者hypermethylation在10中的2个被观察(20%)DAB2免疫否定的ESCC。结论：DAB2蛋白质表示的损失发生在食道的癌症的开发的早pre肿瘤的阶段并且在致瘤的小径下面被支撑。在ESCC的很少发生的DAB2倡导者甲基化建议渐成说基因silencing仅仅是在ESCC引起DAB2表示的损失的机制之一。

简介：肝脏的外分泌功能具有非常重要的作用,除了参与消化吸收以外,人体内大量化合物的代谢都需肝脏的处理并由胆汁排泄,这个外分泌过程就需要肝胆转运系统的参与,肝脏的转运系统中包含着许多的载体蛋白,这些载体蛋白与肝炎,肝内胆汁郁积,肿瘤化疗药物的耐受以及多种肝脏遗传性疾病有着密切的关系.本文所要综述的多药耐药相关蛋白2(themuhidrugresistanceprotein2,MRP2)就是这类载体中的一个.目前关于MRP2的研究主要集中在MRP2介导的肿瘤耐药以及MRP2缺乏所导致的高胆红素血症这两个方面.本文从MRP2的结构功能、与肿瘤化疗耐药之间的关系,MRP2缺乏与高胆红素血症之间的关系以及MRP2表达障碍时MRP3对其代偿作用等方面,对MRP2的研究进展作一简单介绍.

简介：瞄准：检验矩阵metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)在胃的癌症纸巾并且到的表示与淋巴节点评估它的关系微转移。方法：作者从30学习了850淋巴结resected与淋巴腺切除术经历了胃切除术用的有胃的癌的病人颠倒抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)试金除了他染色。肿瘤纸巾的MMP-2表示被免疫检测组织化学的技术(EliVision加)。结果：MMP-2表示在21是积极的(70%)在9的盒子和negative(30%)盒子。没有重要关联在象年龄，性，肿瘤地点，肿瘤直径，Lauren分类和淋巴的侵略那样的MMP-2表示和另外的变量之间被发现。相反，MMP-2表示与肿瘤渗入的深度显著地相关(P=0.022)，淋巴节点转移(P=0.030)并且肿瘤区别(P=0.043)。淋巴节点微转移在77被检测(12.5%)14的淋巴节点(46.7%)胃的癌病人。MMP-2表示在12是积极的(85.7%)有淋巴节点的14个病人微转移，并且在9(56.3%)没有淋巴节点的16个病人微转移(P=0.118)。结论：我们的结果证明那MMP-2表情与肿瘤侵略，肿瘤区别和淋巴节点转移有重要关联。MMP-2表示可以是一个重要生物特征和胃的癌的重要预示的参数。我们也断定MMP-2可以参予淋巴节点的发展胃的癌的微转移。进一步的调查被需要得出一个结论。

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofhepatitisBvirus(HBV)XgeneonapoptosisandexpressionsofapoptosisfactorsinXgene-transfectedHepG2cells.METHODS:TheHBVXgeneeukaryonexpressionvectorpcDNVA3-XwastransientlytransfectedintoHepG2cellsbylipid-mediatransfection.UntransfectedHepG2andHepG2transfectedwithpcDNA3wereusedascontrols.ExpressionofHBxinHepG2wasidentifiedbyPT-PCR.MTTandTUNELwereemployedtomeasureproliferationandapoptosisofcellsin.threegroups.Semi-quantifiedRT-PCRwasusedtoevaluatetheexpressionlevelsofFas/FasL,Bax/Bcl-xL,andc-mycineachgroup.RESULTS:HBVXgenewastransfectedintoHepG2cellssuccessfully.RT-PCRshowedthatHBxwasonlyexpressedinHepG2/pcDNA3-Xcells,butnotexpressedinHepG2andHepG2/pcDNA3cells.AnalyzedbyMTT,cellproliferationcapacitywasobviouslylowerinHepG2/pcDNA3-Xcells(0.08910±0.003164)thaninHepG2(0.14410±0.004927)andHepG2/pcDNA3cells(0.12150±0.007159)(P＜0.05andP＜0.01).AnalyzedbyTUNEL,cellapoptosiswasmuchmoreinHepG2/pcDNA3-Xcells(980/2000)thanHepG2(420/2000),HepG2/pcDNA3cells(520/2000)(P＜0.05andP＜0.01).Evaluatedbysemi-quantifiedRT-PCR,theexpressionlevelofFas/FasLwassignificantlyhigherinHepG2cellstransfectedwithHBxthaninHepG2andHepG2/pcDNA3cells(P＜0.05andP＜0.01).Bax/Bcl-xLexpressionlevelwasalsoelevatedinHepG2/pcDNA3-Xcells(P＜0.05andP＜0.01).Expressionofc-mycwasmarkedlyhigherinHepG2/pcDNA3-XcellsthaninHepG2andHepG2/pcDNA3cells(P＜0.05andP＜0.01).CONCLUSION:HBVXgenecanimpaircellproliferationcapacity,improvecellapoptosis,andupregulateexpressionofapoptosisfactors.TheinterventionofHBVXgeneontheexpressionofapoptosisfactorsmaybeapossiblemechanismresponsibleforthechangeincellapoptosisandproliferation.

简介：

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheefficacyofneoadjuvantchemoradiotherapy(NACRT)forresectabilityoflocallyadvancedgastriccancer(LAGC).METHODS:BetweenNovember2007andJanuary2014,29patientswithLAGC(clinicallyT3withdistalesophagusinvasion/T4orbulkyregionalnodemetastasis)thatweretreatedwithNACRTfollowedbyD2gastrectomywereincludedinthisstudy.ResectabilitywasevaluatedwithradiologicandendoscopicexamsbeforeandafterNACRT.Usingthreedimensionalconformalradiotherapy,patientsreceived45Gy,withadailydoseof1.8Gy.Theentiretumorextentandtheregionalmetastaticlymphnodeswereincludedinthegrosstumorvolume.PatientspresentingwitharesectabletumorafterNACRTreceivedatotalorsubtotalgastrectomywithD2dissection.ThepathologictumorresponsewasevaluatedusingJapaneseGastricCancerAssociationhistologicevaluationcriteria.PostoperativemorbiditywasevaluatedusingtheNationalCancerInstitute-CommonTerminologyCriteriaforAdverseEventsversion4.0.Overallsurvival(OS)andprogression-freesurvival(PFS)rateswereestimatedusingaKaplan-Meieranalysisandcomparedusingthelog-ranktest.RESULTS:Allpatientswereassessedasunresectablecases.Twenty-fourpatients(24/29;82.8%)showedLAGConpositronemissiontomography-computedtomography(CT)andcontrast-enhancedCT,whereasfourpatients(4/29;13.8%)withvagueinvasionorabutmenttoanadjacentorganunderwentdiagnosticlaparoscopy.Onepatient(1/29;3.4%),initiallyassessedasaresectablecase,underwentan'openandclosure'afterthetumorwasfoundtobeunresectable.Abutmenttoanadjacentorgan(34.5%)wasthemostcommonreasonforNACRT.TheclinicalresponserateonemonthafterNACRTwas44.8%.AfterNACRT,69%(20/29)ofpatientshadaresectabletumor.Ofthe20patientswitharesectabletumor,18patients(62.1%)underwentaD2gastrectomy.TheR0resectionratewas94.4%andtwopatients(2/18;11.1%)showedacompleteresponse.Themedianfollow-updurationwas13.5mo.Theone-yearOSandPFS

简介：AIM:Toinvestigateifanimmuneimbalancemayaccountforthedevelopmentandprogressionofchronicradiationenteritis.WeanalyzedtheTh1/Th2immuneresponseprofileearlyand6moafterfractionatedcolorectalirradiation.METHODS:Aratmodeloffractionatedcolorectalγ-irradiation(4-Gyfractions,3fractionsperweek)wasdesignedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofcumulativedoseoninflammatorymediators(cytokinesandchemo-kines)andimmuneresponse(Th1/Th2profileandim-munosuppressivemediatorIL-10)duringacute(early)responseand6moaftertheendoffractionatedirradia-tion(chronicresponse).Analyseswereperformed1dafterthecumulativedosesof16Gyand36Gyand1d,3d,and26wkafterthecumulativedoseof52Gy.RESULTS:Withoutcausinghistologicaldamage,fractionatedradiationinducedelevatedexpressionofIL-1β,TNFα,MCP-1,andiNOSindistalcolonicmucosaduringtheearlypost-irradiationphase.Atthattime,aTh2profilewasconfirmedbyexpressionofboththeTh2-specifictranscriptionfactorGATA-3andthechemokinereceptorCCR4andbysuppressionoftheTh1cytokineIFNγ/IP-10throughouttheirradiationprotocol.After6mo,despitethe2-foldreductionofiNOSandMCP-1levels,theTh2profilepersisted,asshownbya50%reductionintheexpressionoftheTh1transcriptionfactorT-bet,thechemokinereceptorCCXCR3,andtheIFNγ/STAT1pathway.Atthesametime-point,theimmuno-suppressiveIL-10/STAT3pathway,knowntoregulatetheTh1/Th2balance,wasexpressed,inirradiatedrats,atapproximatelyhalfitslevelascomparedtocontrols.ThissuppressionwasassociatedwithanoverexpressionofSOCS3,whichinhibitsthefeedbackoftheTh1polarizationandregulatesIL-10production.CONCLUSION:ColorectalirradiationinducesTh2polarization,defectiveIL-10/STAT3pathwayactivationandSOCS3overexpression.Thesechanges,inturn,maintainaimmunologicalimbalancethatpersistsinthelongterm.

简介：本文报道一家2例腹型肝豆状核变性病例,分别在4岁和6岁时发病,于发病后4周内死亡。例1,男性,4岁,因发热、乏力、纳差15天、尿黄5天、神志不清2天、肝功能异常于1992年6月8日住本院治疗,入院后查体神志恍惚,嗜睡状态,皮肤巩膜明显黄染,肝浊音界右侧锁骨中线第6肋间,肋下1.5cm,

简介：例1病人女，56岁，因眩晕、恶心、呕吐、吐出物为咖啡色，含食物，意识模糊1天入院，体格检查：神志尚清，精神萎靡，面色苍白，呼吸平稳，血压100／60mmHg，被动体位，查体合作，皮肤无出血点，体表淋巴结未触及，心肺未闻及异常、腹部软、肝脾肋下未触及，四肢肌力正常，腱反射存在，病理反射未引出，既往有高血压病2年，初诊上消化道出血，入院后给

简介：目的探讨对2型糖尿病病人胆结石与高胰岛素、脂代谢紊乱的关系。方法观察44例伴胆结石与64例不伴胆结石的2型糖尿病病人血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数、血脂、血糖、糖化血红蛋白的变化。结果伴胆结石组病人的血清胰岛素、甘油三脂、胆固醇显著高于不伴胆结石组(P<0．05)，高密度脂蛋白、胰岛素敏感指数显著低于不伴胆结石组(P<0．05)。两组的病程、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白无明显差异。结论高胰岛素血症，脂代谢异常是2型糖尿病病人胆结石形成的高危因素。

简介：缺氧诱导因子-2α（HIF-2α）是一种在缺氧条件下广泛存在于NSL动物和人体内的氧敏感性转录因子，通过调节缺氧诱导基因表达参与组织细胞对低氧的适应性应答，其表达是机体适应低氧的关键环节和起始步骤。近年研究发现HIF-2a可能与脂代谢过程有密切联系。本文就HIF-2α对脂肪酸代谢和胆固醇代谢的调节作用作一综述。

简介：Ithasbeenfoundthatexpressionof15-lipoxygenasc-1(15-LOX-1)anditsmainproduct,13-C-hydroxyoctadecadienoicacid(13-S-HODE),aredecreasedinhumancolorectalandesophagealcancersandthatnonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs)cantherspeuticallyinduce15-LOC-1expressiontotriggerapoptosisinthosecancercellsindependentlyCOX-2.WefoundthataspecificCOX-2inhibitorSC-236similarlyinduceapoptosisingastriccancercells,althoughthemechanismsoftheseeffectsremaintobedefined.Inthepresentstudy,wetestedwhetherSC-236inducedapoptosisthroughup-regulationof15-LOX-1ingastriccancercells.Wefoundthat,(a)SC-236inhibitedgrowthofgastriccancercellsmainlybyapoptosisinduced;(b)SC-236induced15-LOX-1expressionandincreasedendogenous13-S-HODEproduct,insteadof15-S-HETEduringapoptosisingastriccancercellswithout15-LOX-1expressionbeforetreatmentbySC-236;(c)sc-236didn'teffectexpressionofCOX-1,COX-2,5-LOXand12-LOX;and(d)15-LOX-1inhibitionsuppressedSC-236inducedapoptosis.ThesefindingsdemonstratedthatSC-236inducedapoptosisingastriccancercellsviaup-regulationof25-LOX-1.Theyalsosupporttheconceptthatthelossoftheproapopoticroleof15-LOX-1inepithelialcancersisnotlimitedtohumancolorectalandesophagealcancers.

简介：白细胞介素2(IL-2)是机体免疫网络中重要的淋巴因子，具有诱导细胞分化增殖、增强细胞毒作用、促进自然杀伤细胞活性、诱导干扰素产生和介导肿瘤免疫等功能，其作用有赖于和白细胞介素2受体(IL-2R)的相互影响。IL-2R包括膜表面受体(mIL-2R)和可溶性受体(SIL-2R)两种类型，均与IL-2竞争结合，后者可中和活化T细胞周围的IL-2，封闭IL-2/IL-2R调节的重要生物学反应，

简介：继1996年幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染处理的Maastricht共识会议后,欧洲H.pylori研究组(EHPSG)于2000年再次在荷兰Maastricht举行会议,对原先的Maastricht指南进行修订和更新.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheimpactofsociodemographic/clinicalfactorsonearlyvirologicalresponse(EVR)topegin-terferon/ribavirinforchronichepatitisC(CHC)inclinicalpractice.METHODS:Weconductedamulticenter,cross-sectional,observationalstudyinHepatologyUnitsof91Spanishhospitals.CHCpatientstreatedwithpeginterferonα-2aplusribavirinwereincluded.EVRwasdefinedasundetectablehepatitisCvirus(HCV)-ribonucleicacid(RNA)or≥2logHCV-RNAdecreaseafter12wkoftreatment.AbivariateanalysisofsociodemographicandclinicalvariablesassociatedwithEVRwascarriedout.IndependentfactorsassociatedwithanEVRwereanalyzedusingamultipleregressionanalysisthatincludedthefollowingbaselinedemographicandclinicalvariables:age(≤40yearsvs>40years),gender,race,educationallevel,maritalstatusandfamilystatus,weight,alcoholandtobaccoconsumption,sourceofHCVinfection,alanineaminotransferase(ALT)andaspartateaminotransferase(AST)levels,andgammaglutamyltranspeptidase(GGT)(≤85IU/mLvs>85IU/mL),serumferritin,serumHCV-RNAconcentration(<400000vs≥400000),genotype(1/4vs3/4),cirrhoticstatusandribavirindose(800/1000/1200mg/d).RESULTS:Atotalof1014patientswereincludedinthestudy.Meanageofthepatientswas44.3±9.8years,70%weremale,and97%wereCaucasian.ThemainsourcesofHCVinfectionwereintravenousdrugabuse(25%)andbloodtransfusion(23%).SeventyeightpercentwereinfectedwithHCVgenotype1/4(68%hadgenotype1)and22%withgenotypes2/3.TheHCV-RNAlevelwas>400000IU/mLin74%ofpatients.ThemeanALTandASTlevelswere88.4±69.7IU/mLand73.9±64.4IU/mL,respectively,andmeanGGTlevelwas82±91.6IU/mL.Themeanferritinlevelwas266±284.8μg/L.Only6.2%ofpatientspresentedwithcirrhosis.Allpatientsreceived180mgofpeginterferonα-2a.Themostfrequentlyusedribavirindoseswere1000mg/d(41%)and1200mg/d(41%).Theplannedtreatm

简介：1983年发现幽门螺杆菌(Hp)以来,有关Hp在慢性活动性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎和消化性溃疡发病中的作用已引起国内外学者的高度重视,并且认为,Hp是胃腺癌发生的一种Ⅰ类(肯定)致癌物.流行病学资料提示,Hp感染人群胃癌发生危险性显著高于对照人群[1-3].动物实验证实,Hp慢性感染易引起胃粘膜组织恶性转化[4-5],但其致癌机制尚不清楚.

简介：急性胰腺炎（acutepancreatitis，AP）是常见的急腹症之一，近年发病率呈上升趋势。AP病情凶险，死亡率高，是对人类健康最有威胁的急腹症之一。早期诊断和评估AP至关重要，目前应用最广泛的AP诊断指标为血淀粉酶。但其检测结果有时不尽如人意。多因子评分系统．如Rason、Glasgow、APACHEⅡ等须于入院后48h才能对病情作出评估，对制定早期治疗决策帮助不大。APACHEⅡ由于评分过程复杂，临床应用受到一定影响。B超检查对轻症AP（MAP）的诊断并不敏感。价格、普及性以及造影剂的不良反应等问题，在某种程度上限制了增强CT在AP早期诊断中的实用性。