简介：目的：研究泪小管炎的主要致病菌及药物敏感性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：选取西安市第一医院就诊的泪小管炎患者57例57眼,取泪小管分泌物行细菌培养及药敏试验;对泪小管内排出的硫磺颗粒碾开涂片以寻找放线菌。结果：泪小管炎患者57例57眼中,有56眼挤压泪小管见硫磺颗粒经泪点排出,取硫磺颗粒碾开涂片均见放线菌。57眼患眼取泪小管分泌物进行细菌培养,55眼为阳性,共培养出菌株63株,主要为表皮葡萄球菌、草绿色链球菌和肺炎球菌,其他菌种少见。药物敏感性试验结果显示：利福平、头孢西丁、氯霉素、美洛西林等药物敏感性较高。结论：放线菌为泪小管炎的主要致病菌,且大部分存在于其他细菌的合并感染。利福平、头孢西丁、氯霉素、美洛西林等药物治疗泪小管炎敏感性高。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethespecialtyoftranscranialsurgerythroughpterionalapproachforremovalofcranio-orbitaltumors,introducetheophthalmologicalexperiencesofenteringtheorbittoreducetheincidencerateofassociatedcomplicationsofthisoperation.·METHODS:Weperformedaretrospectiveanalysisofaseriesof37casesinvolvingpatientswhounderwenttranscranialsurgerythroughpterionalapproachfortreatmentofcranio-orbitaltumorsinourdepartmentinthepast8years.Pterionapproachcraniotomywasperformedtoallpatients.Afterremovingtumorsintheskullbytheneurosurgeon,ophthalmologistremovedtumorsinorbit.Wetookmeasuresbelowtodecreasecomplications,includinggroundingopticcanalthroughanabrasivedrillingwhennecessary,hangingvariousextraocularmusclestobeexposedforprotection,refrigeratingbyrefrigerationheadstoremovetumors,atlastsewinguporbitseptumaftersurgery.·RESULTS:Tumorswereremovedcompletelyin32cases,andincompletein5casesduetoextensiveinvasionintothecavernoussinusorsphenoidsinus.Ofallthecases,benigntumorsweredemonstratedin28cases(75.6%,28/37)andmalignantin9(24.3%,9/37).Themostcommonlesiontypewasmeningiomain11cases(29.7%,11/37).Extraocularmuscles(EOM)impairment,occurringin21cases(56.7%,21/37),wasthemostfrequentpostoperativecomplication.Themostseriousconsequencewasvisionlossoccurredin4cases(10.8%,4/37).Othercomplications,suchas11casesoftransientblepharoptosis29.7%(11/37),5casesofmydriasisin13.5%(5/7);2casesofcerebrospinalrhinorrheain5.4%(2/37).·CONCLUSION:Cranio-orbitaltumorscanberemovedcompletelyusingtranscranialapproach,andthepterionalapproachoffersexcellentexposure.Cooperationofinterdisciplinaryteamofneurosurgeonsandophthalmologistsconducestofulluseofrespectiveprofessionaladvantages.Theexperienceofophthalmicoperationtechnologycandecreaseoccurrenceofocularcomplicationsaftersurger