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简介：AccordingtoAlixPartners,aglobalconsultancy,whichpublishedthe2017GlobalAutomotiveOutlookinShanghairecently,theworldwideautomotivesectorisforecasttogrowto114millionvehiclesby2024.Inparticular,BrazilandRussiaareshowingsignsofrecoveryandgrowthhascontinuedinChina,whereastheUSisexpectedtocontinuetodeclineintheshortterm.AlthoughslightlybelowGDPexpectations,thisoverall

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简介：CardiovascularimmunologyresearchinWuhanUnionHospitalbeganin1991.Anti-heartantibodiesindilatedcardiomyopathyandacuteviralmyocarditisbegantobereportedfrom1993.ItwasfoundthatanewautoantibodyagainstL-typecalciumchannelresultsinventriculartachycardiaandsuddendeathinpatientswithdilatedcardiomyopathy.ThroughtheInterventionStudyofDiltiazeminDilatedCardiomyopathy,diltiazemwasverifiedtoreducemortalityandthechronicheartfailurehospitalizationratesignificantlyinpatientswithdilatedcardiomyopathy.TheautoantibodiesagainstangiotensinIIreceptortype1andα1-adrenoceptorwereassociatedwiththeincreasedrecurrenceofanddeathfromstrokeinhypertensivepatients.Throughmanyclinicalandexperimentalstudies,thefunctionalimbalanceofT-cellsubsetswassuggestedtomediatemyocardialinjuryandchronicheartfailure,whichprovidedanewtheoreticalbasisforimmunoregulationtherapyforheartfailure.Thefirstantihypertensivepolypeptidevaccine(ATRQβ-001)wasinvented.Inadditiontotheseachievements,therewillbemoreresearchoncardiovascularimmunologyinWuhanUnionHospitalinthefuture.

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简介：Objective:Lungcancerisoneoftheleadingcancersandmajorcausesofcancermortalityworldwide.Theeconomicburdenassociatedwiththehighmortalityoflungcancerishigh,whichaccountsfornearly$180billiononaglobalscalein2008.Thispaperaimstounderstandtheeconomicburdenoflungcancerintermsofdisabilityadjustedlifeyears(DALY)inAustralia,thePhilippines,andSingapore.Methods:Theyearsoflifelost(YLL)andyearslostduetodisability(YLD)werecalculatedusingtheformuladevelopedbyMurrayandLopezin1996aspartofacomprehensiveassessmentofmortalityanddisabilityfordiseases,injuriesandriskfactorsin1990andprojectedto2020.ThesameformulaisrepresentedintheGlobalBurdenofDiseasetemplateprovidedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Appropriateassumptionsweremadewhendatawereunavailableandprojectionswereperformedusingregressionanalysistoobtaindatafor2015.Results:ThetotalDALYsduetolungcancerinAustralia,thePhilippines,andSingaporewere91,695,38,584,and12,435,respectively,andthecorrespondingDALYratesperapopulationof1,000were4.0,0.4,and2.2,respectively,withadiscountrateof3%.WhenresearcherscalculatedDALYswithoutthediscountrate,theburdenofdiseaseincreasedsubstantially;theDALYswere117,438inAustralia,50,977inthePhilippines,and16,379inSingapore.Overall,YLLorprematuredeathaccountedformorethan95%ofDALYsinthesecountries.Conclusions:Strategiesforprevention,earlydiagnosis,andprompttreatmentmustbedevisedfordiseaseswherethemajorburdenisduetomortality.

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简介：UnlikeIndo-Europeanlanguages,Mandarinreliesheavilyonlexicaltonestodistinguishwordidentity.Usingtheintermodalpreferentiallookingparadigm,thisstudyexamined3-year-oldMandarinspeakers'abilitytouseMandarinlexicaltonesinlearningnewwords.ResultsshowedthatwhenchildrenwerepresentedwithTone2(rising)andTone4(falling)pairs,childrensuccessfullylearnedbothwords.However,whenchildrenwerepresentedwithTone2andTone3(dipping)pairs,theylearnedtheTone2wordbutnottheTone3one.ChildrenwerethendividedintotwogroupsbasedontheirlearningperformanceontheTone3word.SuccessfullearningofTone3wordswasobservedinthehighperformersbutnotinthelowperformers,whoconsistentlymisusedTone3asTone2.ThisstudyshowedthatMandarinspeaking3-year-oldscoulduselexicaltonestolearnwordsunderexperimentalconditions,andthatthedifficultyofTone3acquisitionmayberelatedtoitslowerlevelofperceptualdistinctivenesscomparedwithothertones.

简介：从5210个精子银行施主的精液被分析，在精液质量的趋势在在2008和2014之间的山东人的精子银行被评估。在节制的2-7天以后，精液样品是镇定的。精液体积的大小，精子集中，精子前面的活动性，和全部的精子计数被执行。在精液体积有重要衰退趋势，精子集中，精子前面的活动性，和全部的精子数。我们的结果显示在精子施主的这个队的精液的质量在学习时期期间减少了。

简介：Purpose:Theprimaryaimofthisstudywastodevelopanassessmentofthefundamental,combined,andcomplexmovementskillsrequiredtosupportchildhoodphysicalliteracy.Thesecondaryaimwastoestablishthefeasibility,objectivity,andreliabilityevidencefortheassessment.Methods:Anexpertadvisorygrouprecommendedacourseformatfortheassessmentthatwouldrequirechildrentocompleteaseriesofdynamicmovementskills.Criterion-referencedskillperformanceandcompletiontimeweretherecommendedformsofevaluation.Children,8–12yearsofage,self-reportedtheirageandgenderandthencompletedthestudyassessmentswhileattendinglocalschoolsordaycamps.FacevaliditywaspreviouslyestablishedthroughaDelphiexpert(n=19,21%female)reviewprocess.Convergentvaliditywasevaluatedbyageandgenderassociationswithassessmentperformance.Inter-andintra-rater(n=53,34%female)objectivityandtest–retest(n=60,47%female)reliabilitywereassessedthroughrepeatedtestadministration.Results:Mediantotalscorewas21of28points(range5–28).Mediancompletiontimewas17s.Totalscoreswerefeasibleforall995childrenwhoself-reportedageandgender.Totalscoredidnotdifferbetweeninsideandoutsideenvironments(95%confidenceinterval(CI)ofdifference:-0.7to0.6;p=0.91)orwith/withoutfootwear(95%CIofdifference:-2.5to1.9;p=0.77).Olderage(p<0.001,η2=0.15)andmalegender(p<0.001,η2=0.02)wereassociatedwithahighertotalscore.Inter-raterobjectivityevidencewasexcellent(intraclasscorrelationcoefficient(ICC)=0.99)forcompletiontimeandsubstantialforskillscore(ICC=0.69)for104attemptsby53children(34%female).Intra-raterobjectivitywasmoderate(ICC=0.52)forskillscoreandexcellentforcompletiontime(ICC=0.99).Reliabilitywasexcellentforcompletiontimeoverashort(2–4days;ICC=0.84)orlong(8–14days;ICC=0.82)interval.Skillscorereliabilitywasmoderate(ICC=0.46)overashortinterval,a

简介：陆地使用变化影响地下的生态系统。在过去几十年期间，在东北中国的陆地使用更加变化了，并且稻地的区域从高地很快增加了。在这研究，土壤特征和土壤，有大米耕作的不同的年的稻地里的关於生命的社区被测量在土壤上从高地检验土地使用变化的效果到稻地微食物的网。当控制和微生物引起的社区作文用phospholipid被描绘，高地玉米领域被选择丰满的酸(PLFA)分析。微生物引起的生物资源(全部的PLFA)，细菌生物资源，和真菌生物资源在20-40-year是更高的(迟了阶段)比1-10-year(早阶段)稻领域。许多总数线虫和bacterivores是更低的在比迟了阶段的稻地早阶段。许多草食动物在早阶段的稻领域里是最高的，但是不偏食的人食肉动物的在迟了阶段的稻领域里是最高的。结构的方程模型显示那张土壤食物网在20以后被发展并且组织稻耕作的年。我们的结果建议了微食物的网可以是的那土壤为土壤开发和稻的稳定的好指示物回答后面的土地使用变化。

简介：UsingtheInternationalComprehensiveOcean-AtmosphereDataSet(ICOADS)andERA-Interimdata,spatialdistributionsofair-seatemperaturedifference(ASTD)intheSouthChinaSea(SCS)forthepast35yearsarecompared,andvariationsofspatialandtemporaldistributionsofASTDinthisregionareaddressedusingempiricalorthogonalfunctiondecompositionandwaveletanalysismethods.TheresultsindicatethatbothICOADSandERA-InterimdatacanreflectactualdistributioncharacteristicsofASTDintheSCS,butvaluesofASTDfromtheERA-InterimdataaresmallerthanthoseoftheICOADSdatainthesameregion.Inaddition,theASTDcharacteristicsfromtheERA-Interimdataarenotobviousinshore.Aseesaw-type,north-southdistributionofASTDisdominantintheSCS;i.e.,apositivepeakinthesouthisassociatedwithanegativepeakinthenorthinNovember,andanegativepeakinthesouthisaccompaniedbyapositivepeakinthenorthduringAprilandMay.InterannualASTDvariationsinsummerorautumnaredecreasing.Thereisaseesaw-typedistributionofASTDbetweenBeibuBayandmostoftheSCSinsummer,andthecenteroflargevaluesisintheNanshaIslandsareainautumn.TheASTDintheSCShasastrongquasi-3aoscillationperiodinallseasons,andaquasi-11aperiodinwinterandspring.TheASTDispositivelycorrelatedwiththeNio3.4indexinsummerandautumnbutnegativelycorrelatedinspringandwinter.

简介：Background:Forestmanagementstrategiessuchasthinninghavelongbeenusedtoenhanceecosystemfunctions,especiallyinplantations.Thinninginplantationswithhighdeerdensity,however,maynotyieldadesiredincreaseinunderstoryvegetationbecausedeergrazeongerminatingplantsafterthinning.Here,weexaminethechangesinunderstoryvegetationafterthinninginplantationsthathavebeenovergrazedbysikadeertoprovideinsightintotheeffectsofthinningonecosystemfunctionssuchassoilconservationandbiologicaldiversity.Methods:WeconductedoursurveyintheTanzawaMountainsofeasternJapan.Wesurveyedthechangeinunderstoryvegetationwithinandoutsideofthreedeerexclosuresonasingleslopewiththreelevelsofunderstoryvegetationcover:sparse(1%,exclosure'US'),moderate(30%,exclosure'MM'),anddense(80%,exclosure'LD')over10yearsaftera30%thinningofanold-growthcedarandcypressplantationwhichwasovergrazedbysikadeer.Results:Understoryvegetationcover,biomassandspeciesrichnessincreasedwithinandoutsidethe'US'and'MM'exclosuresafterthinning,andbiomasswasgreaterwithinthanoutsidetheexclosuresat10yearsafterthinning.Unpalatablespeciesdominatedboth'US'and'MM'exclosuresbeforethinning,andtreesandshrubsdominatedwithintheexclosuresovertimeafterthinning.Incontrast,unpalatable,grazing-tolerant,perennial,andannualspeciesincreasedoutsidethe'US'and'MM'exclosures.Nonoticeablechangeswereobservedwithinandoutsidethe'LD'exclosurewhencomparedwiththe'US'and'MM'exclosures.Conclusions:Ourresultssuggestthatthinningastandby30%basedonvolumeresultedinanincreaseinunderstoryvegetationcovermainlycomposedofbothunpalatableandgrazing-tolerantspeciesinaplantationforestwhereunderstoryvegetationissparseormoderateandsikadeerdensityishigh.Weemphasizethatestablishingdeerexclosuresorcontrollingdeerisessentialtomaintainingsimilarunderstoryvegetationbothwit