简介：Thepresentworkprovidesanovelmethodforcalculatingverticalvelocitybasedoncontinuityequationsinapressurecoordinatesystem.Themethodovercomesthedisadvantageofaccumulationofcalculatingerrorsofhorizontaldivergenceincurrentkinematicsmethodsduringtheintegrationforcalculatingverticalvelocity,andconsequentlyavoidsitssubsequentcorrection.Inaddition,throughmodificationsofthecontinuityequations,itshowsthatthevorticityoftheverticalshearvector(VVSV)isproportionalto-ω,theverticalvelocityinpcoordinates.Furthermore,ifthechangeofωinthehorizontaldirectionisneglected,thevorticityofthehorizontalvorticityvectorisproportionalto-ω.Whenωisunderafluctuatingstateintheverticaldirection,theupdraftoccurswhenthevectorofhorizontalvorticityrotatescounterclockwise;thedowndraftoccurswhenrotatingclockwise.ThevalidationresultindicatesthatthepresentmethodisgenerallybetterthantheverticalvelocitycalculatedbytheωequationusingthewetQ-vectordivergenceasaforcingterm,andtheverticalvelocitycalculatedbyutilizingthekinematicsmethodisfollowedbytheO’Brienmethodforcorrection.Theplus-minussignoftheverticalvelocityobtainedwiththismethodisnotcorrelatedwiththeintensityofdBZ,buttheabsoluteerrorincreaseswhendBZis>=40.Thismethoddemonstratesthatitisagoodreflectionofthedirectionoftheverticalvelocity.

简介：Theeffectsofverticalwindshearontropicalcyclone(TC)intensitychangeareexaminedbasedontheTCdatafromtheChinaMeteorologicalAdministrationandtheNCEPreanalysisdailydatafrom2001to2006.First,theinfluenceofwindshearbetweendifferentverticallevelsandaveragesindifferenthorizontalareasarecompared.Theresultsindicatethattheeffectofwindshearbetween200and850hPaaveragedwithina200-800kmannulusonTCintensitychangeislargerthananyothercalculatedverticalwindshear.High-latitudeandintenseTCstendtobelesssensitivetotheeffectsofVWSthanlow-latitudeandweakTCs.TCsexperiencetimelagsbetweentheimpositionoftheshearandtheweakeninginTCintensity.Averticalshearof8-9m/s(9-10m/s)wouldweakenTCintensitywithin60h(48h).Averticalsheargreaterthan10m/swouldweakenTCintensitywithin6h.Finally,astatisticalTCintensitypredictionschemeisdevelopedbyusingpartialleastsquaresregression,whichproducesskillfulintensityforecastswhenpotentialpredictorsincludefactorsrelatedtotheverticalwindshear.Analysisofthestandardizedregressioncoefficientsfurtherconfirmstheobtainedstatisticalresults.

简介：Theconventionalpseudo-staticapproachoftenneglectstheeffectoftheverticalseismicaccelerationonthestabilityofaslope,butsomeanalysesunderplane-strain(2D)conditionsshowasignificanteffectontheslopestability.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoinvestigatetheeffectoftheverticalaccelerationonthesafetyofthree-dimensional(3D)slopes.Inthestrictframeworkoflimitanalysis,a3Dkinematicallyadmissiblerotationalfailuremechanismisadoptedherefor3Dhomogeneousslopesinfrictional/cohesivesoils.Asetofstabilitychartsispresentedinawiderangeofparametersfor3Dslopesundercombinedhorizontalandverticalseismicloadingconditions.Accountingfortheeffectsoftheverticalseismicacceleration,thedifferenceinsafetyfactorsfor3Dslopescanexceed10%,whichwillsignificantlyoverestimatethesafetyofthe3Dslopes.

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简介：接触暴露被期望发生在常规平版印刷术，并且能是进程偏差的来源(例如缩小和模板的失真)在反应离子蚀刻并且诱导地联合的血浆蚀刻，，期间，这些偏差被离子轰炸导致。这典型地导致不希望得到的sidewall效果，例如更低的sidewall角度。这里，我们报导能有效地在平版印刷术应用最小化sidewall效果的一个新奇的挂bowlshaped平版印刷术面具。作为一个测试用例，有垂直sidewalls的标准硅碳化物支柱用这个面具被制作。面具能与紫外线平版印刷术被用于high-aspect-ratio结构的制造。

简介：Basedontheloadmodelofauniformisotropicsemi-infiniteelasticmedium,wededucedacalculationofverticaldisplacementandtiltandproposedamethodofcalculationofverticaldisplacementsandtiltscausedbyirregularloadonthegroundorundergroundatacertainpointwithtwo-dimensionalandthree-dimensionalshapes.Wecomparedthedifferencebetweenthesimplifiedmodelandtheirregularmodel.Finally,theverticaldisplacementsneartheirregularloadandthedistributionofhorizontaltiltarepresented.Theresultsshowthat,comparedwiththepointsimplifiedmodel,theirregularloadmodelhascertainadvantagesfordescribingthenearfield.Theestablishmentofatwodimensionalirregularloadmodelcanhelpwiththecalculationofthemodalvectorsuperpositionafterloadscattering.Thethree-dimensionalirregularloadmodelcanredistributeloadthroughdifferentweightsgiventothescatteredpointsaftertheloadscattering,andthenobtaindisplacementwiththevectorcalculationmethod.Theresultsofvectorsuperpositioncalculationfromthescatteredirregularloadbothintwo-dimensionsandthree-dimensionsareallconvergentobviouslyasgridsbecomedenser,anditisshownthatthecalculationmethodiscorrectandfeasible.

简介：腱垂直地系在因此，物理腱压力的深理解要求的紧张腿平台(TLP)腱的全部的轴的变丑的决心，它是举，沥青，和澎湃的回答的联合。TLP的侧面的方面的垂直运动被结合巨浪并且组成沥青运动的部分。腱被连接到TLP的方面；因此，侧面的方面的全部的排水量与腱和全部的轴的压力的全部的变丑有关。因此，在TLP的方面调查全部的垂直反应是必要的。在自由的各种各样的度之间联合没在反应振幅操作员(RAO)被考虑。因此在频率领域分析，估计的垂直RAO是不完全的。在时间领域，另外，在TLP的中心的仅仅举运动典型地被学习；这个问题需要被处理。在这份报纸，我们在频率和时间领域在TLP的方面在垂直反应调查沥青运动的部分。数字结果在一些时期范围在TLP的边的垂直运动表明沥青运动的重要效果。

简介：AcomparativestudyontheverticaldistributionsofaerosolopticalpropertiesduringhazeandfloatingdustweatherinShanghaiwasconductedbasedonthedataobtainedfromamicropulselidar.Therewasadistinctdifferenceinlayerthicknessandextinctioncoefficientunderthetwotypesofweatherconditions.Aerosolswereconcentratedbelow1kmandtheaerosolextinctioncoefficientsrangedfrom0.25to1.50km-1onhazedays.Incontrast,aerosolswithsmallerextinctioncoefficients(0.200.35km-1)accumulatedmainlyfromthesurfaceto2kmonfloatingdustdays.Theseasonalvariationsofextinctionandaerosolopticaldepth（AOD）forbothhazeandfloatingdustcasesweresimilargreatestinwinter,smallerinspring,andsmallestinautumn.Morethan85%oftheaerosolsappearedintheatmospherebelow1kmduringseverehazeandfloatingdustweather.Thediurnalvariationoftheextinctioncoefficientofhazeexhibitedabimodalshapewithtwopeaksinthemorningoratnoon,andatnightfall,respectively.Theaerosolextinctioncoefficientgraduallyincreasedthroughoutthedayduringfloatingdustweather.Casestudiesshowedthathazeaerosolsweregeneratedfromthesurfaceandthenliftedup,butfloatingdustaerosolsweretransportedverticallyfromhigheraltitudetothesurface.TheAODduringfloatingdustweatherwashigherthanthatduringhaze.Theboundarylayerwasmorestableduringhazethanduringfloatingdustweather.

简介：在2013年6月，一个地实验在空气温度，潮湿，和风被使用鸣系统的GPS在测量的东南西藏被进行。在现在的学习，基于这些观察和时代过渡期间分析数据，这些大气的性质的垂直结构和南方亚洲人夏天季风(SASM)的可能的影响被调查。平均，温度在18.0km的对流顶层下面有6.8km1的差错率。强壮的潮湿倒置发生了在近表面，与1.7gkg1(100m)的力量为特定的湿度的1。在观察时期期间，SASM分别地在中间并且在6月底经历了一个南方阶段和一个北方阶段。季风进化在东南西藏上在传送对流和发行量导致了大变化，它进一步影响了本地人热，潮湿，和发行量条件。强壮的传送对流在SASM的北方阶段期间在东南西藏上导致了提高的对流顶层高度，并且大规模温暖、湿的空气群众由引起高本地的温度和潮湿条件的季风交付了。

简介：UnderstandingtheCenozoicvertical-axisrotationintheTibetanPlateauiscrucialforcontinentaldynamicevolution.PaleomagneticandrockmagneticinvestigationswerecarriedoutfortheOligoceneandMiocenecontinentalrocksoftheHohXilbasininordertobetterunderstandthetectonicrotationsofcentralTibet.ThestudyareawaslocatedintheTongtianhearealocatedinthesouthernpartoftheHohXilbasinandnorthernmarginoftheTanggulathrustsystemincentral-northernTibet.Atotalof160independentlyorientedpaleomagneticsamplesweredrilledfromtheTongtianhesectionforthisstudy.Themagneticpropertiesofmagnetiteandhematitehavebeenrecognizedbymeasurementsofmagneticsusceptibilityvs.temperaturecurvesandunblockingtemperatures.ThemeandirectionsoftheOligoceneYaxicuoGroupinstratigraphiccoordinates(Declination/Inclination=354.9°/29.3°,k=33.0,α95=13.5°,N=5Sites)andoftheMioceneWudaoliangGroupinstratigraphiccoordinates(Declination/Inclination=3.6°/36.4°,k=161.0,α95=9.7°,N=3Sites)passreversaltests,indicatingtheprimarynatureofthecharacteristicmagnetizations.OurresultssuggestedthatthesampledareasintheTuotuohedepressionoftheHohXilbasinhaveundergonenopaleomagneticallydetectablerotationsundersinglethrustingfromtheTanggulathrustsystem.Ourfindings,togetherwithconstraintsfromothertectoniccharacteristicsreportedbypreviouspaleomagneticstudies,suggesttectonicrotationsintheCuoredejiaandWudaoliangdepressionsoftheHohXilbasinwereaffectedbystrike-slipfaultingoftheFenghuoShan-Nangqianthrustsystems.Acloserexaminationofgeologicaldataanddifferentvertical-axisrotationmagnitudessuggestthetectonichistoryoftheHohXilbasinmaybecontrolledbythrustandstrike-slipfaultingsincetheEocene.更多还原

简介：Inthepresentwork,theheattransferstudyfocusesonassessmentoftheimpactofbedtemperatureonthelocalheattransfercharacteristicbetweenafluidizedbedandverticalrifledtubes(38mm-O.D.)inacommercialcirculatingfluidizedbed(CFB)boiler.Heattransferbehaviorina1296t/hsupercriticalCFBfurnacehasbeenanalyzedforGeldartBparticlewithSautermeandiameterof0.219and0.246mm.TheheattransferexperimentswereconductedfortheactiveheattransfersurfaceintheformofmembranetubewithalongitudinalfinatthetubecrestunderthenormaloperatingconditionsofCFBboiler.AheattransferanalysisofCFBboilerwithdetailedconsiderationofthebed-to-wallheattransfercoefficientandthecontributionofheattransfermechanismsinsidefurnacechamberwereinvestigatedusingmechanisticheattransfermodelbasedonclusterrenewalapproach.ThepredictedvaluesofheattransfercoefficientarecomparedwithempiricalcorrelationforCFBunitsinlarge-scale.