简介：Thebookfollowsthehistoricalcourseofthedevelopmentofgeologicalscience,fromthetimeofancientcivilisationsintheMediterraneanregion,uptothepresentday.However,thebeginningofgeologyasamodernscienceisgenerallyconsideredtodatefromtheobservationoftheDevonianunconformityatSiccarPointnearEdinburghbyHuttonaround1788.ThisfollowedobservationshemadeatGlentiltofgranitecuttingtheschistositvplanesoftheschists，

简介：Forskarntypedeposits,therearetwokindsofskarns,skarnformedbyfiltrating-diffusingmetasomatismandveinskarnformedbyfilling.Theveinskarn,discussedthispaperandconsideredtobemagmaticgenesis,ischaracterizedby:(1)occurringasveinwithdistinctboundarieswithcountryrocks,yetjustthesameeveninmarbleeasytobereplaced;(2)composedofamineralassemblagesimi-lartothatofgranite,containingpegmatiteaswellascoarseskarnmineralpockets,andsometimestran-sitedwithdikerocks;(3)clearcrystallinefeatureofdeposition;(4)sideronintietexture;(5)showingvesicular,bean-likeandflowstructures;(6)verycommonliquidimmiscibility;(7)verticalzoningofgravitationaldifferentiationcausedbyvolatileconcentrationupwards;(8)associatedandtransitedwithiron-copperorebodiesofmagmaticgenesisandtungsten-bearingquartzveinsofsilicatemagmaticgene-sisrichinvolatile;(9)meltinclusions.Twooriginsofskammagma,originatedbyassimilationofsilicatemagmaatitsemplacem

简介：By"concealedexplosionofmagma",wemeantheexplosiveproessofmagmaundersubterraneanconcealedconditionswhichisessen-tiallysimilartovolcaniceruptionseenatthesurface;theonlydiffer-"nceisthatthelattertakesplaceinanopenenvironmentatthesurface’`vhiletheformertinasemi-openenvironmentbelowathincovernearlhesurfac

简介：TheultramaficdikesintheTarimlargeigneousprovince（TarimLIP）,exposedintheXiaohaiziareainthenorthwesternTarimBasinofnorthwesternChina,haveporphyritictextures,andtheolivineandclinopyroxeneareasthemajorphenocrystphases.Thegroundmassthereinconsistsofclinopyroxene,plagioclaseandFe-Tioxides,withthecryptocrystallinetexture.TheolivinephenocrystsinonetypicalultramaficdikehaveFo（Mg/（Mg+Fe））numbersrangingfrom73to85,whicharenotinequilibriumwiththeolivine（Mg#of89）fromthehostrockcrystalized.Combinedwithmicroscopeobservation,boththeolivineandclinopyroxenephenocrystsaswellassomeFe-Tioxidesintheultramaficrockareaccountedascumulates.Theliquid（parentalmagma）compositionofSiO2of45.00wt.%–48.82wt.%,MgOof9.93wt.%–18.56wt.%,FeOof5.85wt.%–14.17wt.%,CaOof7.54wt.%–11.52wt.%,Al2O3of8.70wt.%–11.62wt.%andTiO2of0.00wt.%–3.43wt.%intheXiaohaiziultramaficrockwasestimatedbymassbalance,andtheresultsshowareasonableliquidproportioninthecumulate-bearingultramaficdike（ca.45%–60%inthewholerock）.Theestimatedparentalmagmacompositioncorrespondstoameltingtemperatureof1300–1550oC,whichisequalorhigherthanthoseofanormalasthenospheremantle,supportingtheinvolvementofamantleplume.Combinedwithotherpreviousstudies,anevolutionmodelfortheformationprocessesoftheXiaohaiziultramaficdikeoftheTarimLIPisproposed.

简介：TheZhoukoudianstockinBeijingisaconcentriczonedcomplexintrusivebodyformedbytwosuccessiveintrusions.Quartz-dioriteformedbythefirstintrusionisscatteredsparselyonthemarginsofthebody,whilegranodioriteresultingfromthesecondintrusionconstitutesthemainpartoftheintrusion.Itexhibitsthreedistinctpetrographiczonesmacroscopically,andischemicallycharacterizedbyenrichmentofhigh-temperaturecomponents,suchasMg,Ca,Sc,Ti,Cr,Mn.FeandCo,onitsborderandmerelyslightenrichmentofsomelow-temperaturecomponents,suchasNaandSi,initscentralpart.Aseriesofstructuralfeaturesindicatethatthedeformationoftheintrusionandthermo-metamorphicrocksbecomesweakerwithanincreaseofdistancefromthecontact,andthattheintrusivebodyisaproductofballooningorinflatingdiapiricemplacement.Basedoncalculationsofthedensity,viscosityandyieldstrengthofmagmaandthereasonablediffusionconstantsandoxygenisotopicdata,themechanismofthecompositionalzonationofthemajorpartofthestockisdiscussed.ItisconsideredthattheSoreteffect,combinedwithdouble-diffusiveconvection,canexplainthecompositionalzonationoftheintrusion.Calculationoftheascentratesofmagmashowsthatsuccessiveupwellingofmagmagotfasterandfasterwiththeprogressoftime.

简介：10月13日，微捷码公司在上海举办了“MagmaSiliconOne”研讨会，向业界全面展现了Magma创新性新兴硅片问题技术解决方案。来自SoC设计、模拟／混合信号设计和版面规划设计、模拟／混合信号IP开发、存储器设计等领域的近200位工程师参加了这次会议。

简介：WudalianchivolcanicrocksarethemosttypicalCenozoicpotassicvolcanicrocksineastenChina.Compositionalcomparisonsbetweenwholerocksandglassesofvariousoccurrencesindicatethatthemagmatendstobecomerichinsilicaandalkalisasaresultofcrystaldifferentiationinthecourseofevolu-tion.TheyareuniqueinisotopiccompositionwithmoreradiogenicSrbutlessradiogenicPb.^87Sr/^86Srishigherand^143Nd/^144Ndislowerthantheundifferentiatedglobalvalues.Incomparisontocontinentalpot-ashvolcanicrocks,Pbisotopesareapparentlylower.Thesevariousthreadsofevidenceindicatethattherockswerederivedfromaprimaryenrichedmantlewhichhadnotbeensubjectedtoreworkingandshowsnosignofincorporationofcrustalmaterial.ThecorrelationbetweenPbandSrsuggeststheregionalheterogeneityintheuppermantleintermsofchemicalcomposition.

简介：Liquidseparationofmagmaisreferredtoakindofdiffcrentiationofmagmawhichtakesplaceinthecaseofthatmeltsareimmiscibleorlimitedlymiscibleeacliother.Itplaysanimportantroleintheform-ingofbasic,ultrabasicrocksandoredepositsrclatedtotho8ekindsofrocks.Butitisnotsurewhethcritmayoccurintheprocessoftheformingofin

简介：NumerousdarkenclaveswithdifferentshapesarefoundinJiulingNeoproterozoicgranitoids.PreciseLAICP-MSU-Pbdatingwasconductedonzirconsextractedfromtwomicrocrystallineenclavesamples,yieldingcrystallizationagesof822.6±5.8Maand822.2±6.2Ma,respectively.Theconsistentageswithinanalyticalerrorswiththehostgranitoidssuggestedthattheyweretheproductsofthesamemagmatism.Themicrocrystalline-dioriticenclavescommonlyshowplasticformsandcontainsimilarplagioclasemegacryststothehostrocks,andbothoftheenclavesandhostgranitoidsshowedacomplexcompositionandstructuralimbalanceinplagioclases.Furthermore,theapatiteswithaeuhedralacicularshapeoccurredwidelyinthemicrocrystalline-dioriticenclaves.Allofthesepetrographicfeaturesaboveimplymagmamixingisinvolvedintheirdiagenesis.TheenclavesandhostgranitoidsshowamarkedzircontraceelementdifferenceandHfisotopicsignatureswithoutcorrelationinzircontraceelementpairsbutformtheirownsystembetweenenclavesandhostgranitoids.Additionally,mostofthezirconsshowextremelyhighεHf(t)withεHf(t)=3.54?11.94fromthesouthernsamples,andεHf(t)=1.0?9.09fromthecentralregion.SomezirconswiththehigherεHf(t)aresimilartothezirconsfromthejuvenileislandarcintheeasternsegmentofJiangnanOrogen.IntegratedgeologicalandHfisotopiccharacteristicssuggestmicrocrystalline-dioriticenclaveswerederivedfromthepartialmeltingprocessoftheMesoproterozoiccrustwhichenrichedjuvenileislandarcmaterialsandmixedwiththegraniticmagmathatremeltedfromtheMesoproterozoiccontinentalcrustwhichrelativelyenrichedancientsedimentsandmixedwiththehostgranitoidindiagenesis.

简介：Ti-richgarnetisfoundwithincalciticijolitefromtheOkacarbonatitecomplexinCanada,whichischaracterizedby58%–73%andraditecomponent（2.12wt.%–4.18wt.%TiO2）andclassifiedasmelanite.Thegarnetdisplayscomplexzoningandcontainsabundanthighfieldstrengthelements（HFSEs）andrareearthelements（REEs）.Threegroups（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ）havebeenidentifiedbasedontheirpetrographicnature.ComparedtogroupsⅡandⅢ,GroupⅠgarnetcorescontainhigherTiO2,MgO,HFSE,andREEandlowerSiO2abundances.Thedistinctchemicalandpetrographicsignaturesoftheinvestigatedgarnetscannotbeattributedtosimpleclosedsystemcrystallization,buttheyareconsistentwiththemulti-pulsemagmamixing.CombinedwithpreviouslyreportedU-Pbagesforapatitefromthecalciticijolite,atleastthreestagesofmagmaevolutionandsubsequentmixinghavebeeninvolvedinthegenerationofcalciticijoliteatOka.Theearly-formedmeltthatgeneratedGroupIgarnetcorewaslatermixedwithatleasttwosmall-volume,moreevolvedmelts.Theintermediatestagemeltformedtheremaininggarnetalongwithsomepyroxene,calcite,nepheline,andapatiteat127±3.6Ma.Theyoungest,mostevolvedmeltgeneratedthemajorityofpyroxene,calcite,nepheline,andapatitewithinthecalciticijoliteat115±3.1Ma.

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简介：Magma公司和中芯国际公司于9月7日共同宣布推出基于中芯国际公司90nm低功耗制程的先进IC实现参考流程，该流程使用了Magma公司BlastPower^TM，BlastCreate^TM和BlastFusion^R产品；中芯国际的90纳米标准单元库和IO单元库，以及Magma的低功耗综合和多电压设计流程，可以解决电源功耗管理中的三个主要问题：动态功耗、漏电功耗和功耗分布。

简介：Magma○R设汁自动化有限公司（MagmaDesignAutomation，Inc．），今天宣布已与北京大学展开合作，建立集成电路（IC）设计实验室。这一实验室将用于教授以及工程系学生的培洲，让他们掌握最新科技来发展微电子学。作为合作的一部分，

简介：ＣＡＴＡＳＴＲＯＰＨＥＯＦＬＩＴＨＯＳＰＨＥＲＥ┐ＡＳＴＨＥＮＯＳＰＨＥＲＥＳＹＳＴＥＭＡＮＤＹＡＮＳＨＡＮＩＡＮＭＥＴＡＬＬＯＧＥＮＩＣＥＸＰＬＯ┐ＳＩＯＮＩＮＥＡＳＴＣＨＩＮＡＴｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌＣｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎＡｎｏｒｍａｌｌｉｔｈ...