简介：Withthebuyer'smarketstrengthening,retailershavebeguntoleadinproductdevelopmentbyintroducingtheirownprivatelabelproducts.Thesuccessofsuchanewproductlaunchreliesontransmissionofdemandinformationalongasupplychain,yetthisnewphenomenonhasbeenlittleresearched.Thispaperattemptstoaddresssuchanissuebymodelingverticalinformationtransmissioninasupplychainconsistingofaretailerandamanufacturer.Theretailerwouldliketointroduceanewprivatelabelproductandknowsthedemandoftheproducttobeeitherhighorlow,whilethemanufactureronlyknowsthepriordistributionofthedemandtype.Thisstudyattemptstofindwhetherawholesale-pricecontractoratwo-parttariffcontractcanfacilitatethemanufacturertoidentifythedemandtype.Theresultsshowthatthetwo-parttariffcontractisalwayseffectiveinrealizinginformationtransmissionaslongastheretailer'sreserveprofitremainswithinareasonablerange.
简介：TheexcessiveexploitationandharvestingofforestresourcesduetoChina’seconomicconstructiondemandshavemadeitsforestresourcefallingintostructuralcrisis.Overthelastthreedecades,theareaofChina’snaturalforestsdecreasedby11millionha.Theareaofmaturedforestshasdecreasedfrom12millionhainearly50sto5.6millionhaatp
简介：<正>People’sGovernmentoftheprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernment,alltheministries,commissionsandagenciesundertheStateCouncil:TheOpinionsoftheNationalPopulationandFamilyPlanningCommissionandMinistryofFinanceonLaunchingaPilotProjectforRewardingandAssistingCertainRuralHouseholdsThatHavePracticedFamilyPlanninghasbeenapprovedbytheStateCouncilandisherebyforwardedtoyouforearnestimplementation.
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