简介：Theprimarycilium,ahair-likesensoryorganellefoundonmostmammaliancells,hasgainedrecentattentionwithinthefieldofneuroscience.Althoughneuralprimaryciliahavebeenknowntoplayaroleinembryoniccentralnervoussystempatterning,wearejustbeginningtoappreciatetheirimportanceinthematureorganism.Afterseveraldecadesofinvestigationandcontroversy,theneuralprimaryciliumisemergingasanimportantregulatorofneuroplasticityinthehealthyadultcentralnervoussystem.Further,primaryciliahaverecentlybeenimplicatedindiseasestatessuchascancerandepilepsy.Intriguingly,whileprimaryciliaareexpressedthroughoutthecentralnervoussystem,theirstructure,receptors,andsignalingpathwaysvarybyanatomicalregionandneuralcelltype.Thesedifferenceslikelybearrelevancetoboththeirhomeostaticandneuropathologicalfunctions,althoughmuchremainstobeuncovered.Inthisreview,weprovideabriefhistoricaloverviewofneuralprimaryciliaandhighlightseveralkeyadvancesinthefieldoverthepastfewdecades.Wethensetforthaproposedresearchagendatofillinthegapsinourknowledgeregardinghowtheprimaryciliumfunctionsandmalfunctionsinnervoustissue,withtheultimategoaloftargetingthissensorystructureforneuralrepairfollowinginjury.

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