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简介：Famousasthekingdomofbicycles,Chinesepeoplepossess420millionbicyclesintotalby1995,reachingtheleveloftheindustriallyadvancedcountriesintermsofpercapitaownership.BicyclesareamainproductinthelightindustryofChina.AccordingtoofficialsfromtheChinaBicycles

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简介：纸建议帮助在量的术语调查真实网络的竞争方面的一个模型。通过理论分析和数字模拟，它证明竞争模型为一个加权的网络有普遍性。在在加权的网络的参数和在竞争网络的竞争力之间的关系被理论分析获得。基于竞争网络，力量和度的度分发的表达式加权的网络的分布能被计算。分析解决方案表明加权的网络的度分发与增长和边重量的起始的价值被相关，它被数字模拟验证。而且，与象一个网络，一个更新的系数，起始的重量和竞争力的尺寸那样的网络参数一起的一个聚类的系数的演变模式被进一步的模拟获得。

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简介：在这份报纸，我们考虑从消费者收集使用的产品并且生产重新生产的产品的生产仅仅新的产品和一个制造商的由一个原来的制造商(OM)组成的一个单个时期的模型。OM和制造商在产品市场竞争。我们作为一个工具检验政府津贴的效果支持重新生产的活动。在里面特别地，我们认为三是津贴选择：到制造商，到消费者的津贴，和津贴的津贴由制造商和消费者分享了。我们发现制造商或消费者上的政府津贴的介绍总是增加重新生产的活动。我们也发现因为到制造商的津贴导致重新生产的产品的更低的价格，到制造商的那津贴是最好的津贴选择，因此导致更高级的消费者剩余。

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简介：Studyonbiotinylationstrategiesforcompetitiveimmunoassayofestradiol(E2)wascarriedout.Twotypesofcompetitiveenzymeimmunoassay(EIA)withBiotin-Avidinamplificationsystemwereestablishedandoptimized.TheE2-Biotinconjugatewasusedasatracerinoneassay,andbiotinylatedantibodywasusedasatracerintheother.InbothofEIAs,horseradishperoxidase-labelledAvidin(Avidin-HRP)wasusedwithaspectrometricdeterminationofenzymeactivity.Theprecision,sensitivityandspecificityweremeasuredandcompared.Theresultsshowedthatalthoughbothweresatisfactoryinspecificity,theEIAwithhapten-BiotinshowedtobesuperiortotheEIAwithbiotinylatedantibodyinsensitivityandprecision.ThelimitofdetectionofserumE2was8and50pg/mLwithE2-Biotinandbiotinylatedantibodyastracer,respectively.

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简介：Inthispaper,weconsidertwocompetitiveparalleldistributionchannels(PDCs)eachofthemconsistingofamanufacturerandaretailer.IneveryPDC,themanufacturersellsdifferentiatedproductstotheretailerandtheretailerchoosestheretailprice(margin).Weexploretheeffectsofthemovesequenceonthesystemperformancenotonlyineachdistributionchannel,butalsointheinter-paralleldistributionchannelssubjecttothedeterministicdemand.Undersomeassumptions,weshowthatthePDChasthesecond-moveradvantageinthisscenario.Thesystemperformancewillbeimprovedinourmodelwhentheparameterssatisfycertainconditions.Furthermore,wediscusstheresultsandfindsomeimplications.

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简介：Sino-U.S.economicandtraderelationsaremovingintoaneraof"competitiveinterdependence".Aneconomicandtraderelationshipthatismutuallybeneficialandwin-wininessenceisfacingchallengesthatfeatureacompetitive,zero-sumgamewhichpursuesrelativegains.Mutualsuspicionisthepsychologicalrootofthezero-sumgamebetweenChinaandtheU.S.whilethecognitiverootoftheirmutualsuspicionisthesenseofuncertaintyandlackofself-confidenceaboutthefutureofitsownandtheotherside.

简介：这篇论文为一个使能够的制造商处理能力分配问题能通过一条独立零售商隧道以及通过她的直接隧道散布她的产品到结束顾客。隧道的要求是substitutable，它导致在他们之间的竞争。我们显示那避免隧道竞争，制造商否认能力的零售商是可能的。明确地，如果隧道替换率高，低需求的一个零售商决不会被分配任何能力甚至当可得到的能力是宽大的时。当如果隧道替换率是低的，能力分配策略取决于零售商的需求时；可得到的能力。许多另外的有趣的经理的卓见被提供；与数字例子说明了。

简介：Anewthermokineticreducedextentmethodforstudyingofthereversiblecompetitiveinhibitionofsinglesubstrateenzyme-catalyzedreactionswasproposedinthispaper.Thereactionthatarginase-catalyzedhydrolysisofL-argininetoL-ornithineandureaandtheinhibitionofthisreactionbytheproduct,L-ornithine,andexogenousL-lysinewerestudiedat37℃in40mmol·L^-1sodiumbarbiturate-HC1buffersolution(pH=9.4).MichealisconstantKmforarginineandmaximumvelocityVmofthereactionweredeterminedtobe5.14mmol·L^-1and1.13×10^-2mmol·L^+1·s^-1,respectively.TheproductinhibitionconstantKpandinhibitoryconstantK1ofL-lysineweredeterminedtobe1.18and5.6mmol.L-l,respectively.Alltheresultshavebetterrepeatabilityandself-consistencyandareinagreementwithliteraturevalues.Thisnewmethodusingmoredirectthermalinformationfromtheprocesswouldgivemorereliablekineticinformationthanthetraditionalinitialratemethod.

简介：ThediscretedynamicsforcompetitionpopulationsofLotka-VolterratypemodeledasN1(t+1)=N1(t)exp[r1(1-N1-b12N2)],N2(t+1)=N2(t)exp[r2(1-N2-b21N1)]isconsideredinthepaper.Inthecaseofnon-persistencetheattractivebehaviorofmodelhasbeendiscussed.Especially,therearetwoattractivesetswhenbij>1,andtheattractivebehaviorsaremorecomplicatedthanthatofthecorrespondingcontinuousmodel.Theattractedregionsaregiven.Weprovethatthemodelisalsopersistentinthedegeneratecaseofbij=1.Inthepersistencecaseofbij<1,theexistenceanduniquenessfortwo-periodpointsofthemodelarestudiedatr1=r2.Theconditionforthemulti-pairoftwo-periodpointsisindicatedandtheirinfluencesonpopulationdynamicalbehaviorsareshown.

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