简介：Wettingandspreadingprocesseswhichinvolvesurfactantsolutionsarewidelyusedinnumerousindustrialandpracticalapplicationsnowadays.Theperformanceofdifferentnon-ionicsurfactantsmayvarysignificantlyandsofarsuperspreadersolutionsshowthemostpromisingspreadingability.Theadditionoftrisiloxanesurfactantstowaterwasproventoenhancewetting,evenonhydrophobicsurfaces,onwhichconventionalsurfactantsseemtohavelittleornoeffect.Althoughtheseextraordinarysurfactantshavebeenextensivelystudiedoverrecentyears,completeunderstandingoftheirunderlyingmechanismsandasuitablemathematicalmodelarestilllacking.Herewepresentapossibleexplanationfortheimpressiveperformanceoftrisiloxane,whichiscomparedtowettingenhancementofaconventionalsurfactant.Additionally,wewillexplainwhythehydrophobicityofthesurfaceisacrucialfactorforthespreadingphenomenon.LightwillbealsoshedontheeffectofthepHofthesolutiontowhichsurfactantsareadded.Finally,wewillinvestigatelong-termeffectsofthewaterenvironmentontrisiloxanewettingabilityanddiscussifageingmaysignificantlyaffecttheirperformance.

简介：Biologicaltinystructureshavebeenobservedonmanykindsofsurfacessuchaslotusleaves,whichhaveaneffectonthecolorationofMorphobutterfliesandenhancethehydrophobicityofnaturalsurfaces.Weinvestigatedthemicro-scaleandnano-scalestructuresonthewingsurfacesofinsectsandfoundthatthehierarchicalmultipleroughnessstructureshelpinenhancingthehydrophobicity.Afterexamining10ordersand24speciesofflyingPterygotaninsects,wefoundthatmicro-scaleandnano-scalestructurestypicallyexistonboththeupperandlowerwingsurfacesofflyinginsects.Thetinystructuressuchasdenticleorsetaeontheinsectwingsenhancethehydrophobicity,therebyenablingthewingstobecleanedmoreeasily.AndthehydrophobicinsectwingsundergoatransitionfromCassietoWenzelstatesatpitch/sizeratioofabout20.Inordertoexaminethewettingcharacteristicsonaroughsurface,abiomimeticsurfacewithmicro-scalepillarsisfabricatedonasiliconwafer,whichexhibitsthesamebehaviorastheinsectwing,withtheCassie-Wenzeltransitionoccurringconsistentlyaroundapitch/widthvalueof20.

简介：Itiswellknownthatsurfaceroughnesshasaveryimportanteffectonsuperhydrophobicity.TheWenzelandCassie-Baxtermodels,whichcorrespondtothehomogeneousandheterogeneouswettingrespectively,arecurrentlyprimaryinstructionsfordesigningsuperhydrophobicsurfaces.However,theparticulardropshapethatadropexhibitsmightdependonhowitisformed.Awaterdropcanoccupymultipleequilibriumstates,whichrelatetodifferentlocalminimalenergy.Insomecases,bothequilibriumstatescanevenco-existonasamesubstrate.Thustheapparentcontactanglesmayvaryandhavedifferentvalues.WediscusshowtheWenzelandCassie-Baxterequationsdeterminethehomogeneousandheterogeneouswettingtheoretically.Contactangleanalysisonhierarchicalsurfacestructureandcontactanglehysteresishasbeenputspecificattention.Inparticular,westudytheenergybarrieroftransitionfromCassie-BaxterstatetoWenzelstate,basedonexistingachievementbypreviousresearchers,todeterminethepossibilityofthetransitionandhowitcanbeinterpreted.Ithasbeendemonstratedthatsurfaceroughnessandgeometrywillinfluencetheenergyrequiredforadroptogetintoequilibrium,nomatteritishomogeneousorheterogeneouswetting.

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简介：Wehavecarriedoutanexperimentalstudyofliquiddropimpactonsuperhydrophobicsubstratescoveredbyacarpetofchemicallycoatednano-wires.Themicro-structureofthesurfaceissimilartosomebiologicalones(Lotusleafforexample).Inthissituationthecontactanglecanthenbeconsideredasequalto180degrees,withnohysteresis.Duetoitsinitialinertia,thedropexperiencesaflatteningphaseafterithitsthesurface,takingtheshapeofapancake.Onceitreachesitsmaximallateralextension,thedropbeginstoretractandbouncesback.Wehaveextractedthelateralextensionofthedrop,andweproposeamodelthatexplainsthetrend.Wefindalimitinitialvelocitybeyondwhichthedropprotrudesintothenano-wirecarpet.Wediscusstherelevanceofpracticalissuesintermsofself-cleaningsurfacesorspray-cooling.

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简介：Naturalsurfaceswithsuperhydrophobicpropertiesoftenhavemicroorhierarchicalstructures.Inthispaper,thewettingbehavioursofasingledropletonbiomimeticmicrostructuredsurfaceswithdifferentroughnessparametersareinvestigated.Atheoreticalmodelisproposedtostudywettingtransitions.Theresultsoftheoreticalanalysisarecomparedwiththoseofexperimentindicatingthattheproposedmodelcaneffectivelypredictthewettingtransition.Furthermore,anumericalsimulationbasedonthemesoscaleLatticeBoltzmannMethod（LBM）isperformedtostudydynamiccontactangles,contactlines,andlocalvelocityfieldsforthecasethatadropletdisplaysonthemicrostructuredsurface.Asphericalwaterdropletwithrs=15μmfallsdowntoabiomimeticsquare-postpatternedsurfaceundertheforceofgravitywithaninitialvelocityof0.01m·s-1andaninitialverticaldistanceof20μmfromdropletcentretothetopofpots.Inspiteofahigherinitialvelocity,thedropletcanstillstayinaCassiestate;moreover,itreachesanequilibriumstateatt≈17.5ms,whencontactangleis153.16°whichisslightlylowerthanthepredictionofCassie-Baxter’sequationwhichgivesθCB=154.40°.

简介：Inthenaturalworld,plantsandanimalshaveevolvedovertimetobestadapttotheenvironment.Theyinteractveryeffectivelywiththesurroundingenvironmentbyexchangingenergiesandmassflowacrosstheircuticlesofspecificmicrostructuresandfunctionstoachieveperfectenergybalance.Suchdifferentfunctionsmayincludethelimitationofuncontrolledlossofwater,protectionfromsolarradiation,microeffectofinducedturbulenceonflowdragreduction,defenceagainstpathogens,changingsurfacewettabilityandhydropho-

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简介：AnaggregatestabilitytestandasimulatedrainfalltestwereconductedonfourrepresentativeUltisolsfromsoutheasternChina.Thesoilsselected,withclaycontentsrangingbetween117and580gkg-1,werederivedfromshaleandQuaternaryredclay.Thestabilityofaggregates(2–5mmindiameter)obtainedfromthesoilsamplesweredeterminedbytheLeBissonnaismethod.Fordeterminationofinfiltration,runoff,anderosion,thesoilsampleswerepackedin30cm×60cmtrays,wettedatratesof2,10,and60mmh-1,andthenexposedtosimulatedrainfallat60mmh-1for1h.Theresultsindicatedthatbothaggregatestabilityandslakingcausedbyfastwettingincreasedwithincreasingclaycontent.Theeffectofwettingrate(WR)oninfiltrationandsealformationvariedwithclaycontents.Inthesoilwithlowclaycontent(sandyloam),theinfiltrationratewasaffectedslightlybyWRduetolowaggregatestabilityandslaking.Inthesoilswithmediumclaycontent(siltclayloamandclay),WRaffectedinfiltrationsignificantlyduetothehighaggregateslakingforce.Inthesoilwithhighclaycontent,theeffectofWRoninfiltrationwassignificant,butnotasevidentasinthesoilswithmediumclaycontent,whichmayberelatedtohighaggregatestabilitybywettingpartiallycompensatingforslakingforce.TheeffectofWRonsoillosswassimilartothatofrunoff,butmorepronounced.ThefindingsfromthisstudyindicatedthattherelationshipbetweenwettingrateandclaycontentshouldbeconsideredwhenpredictinginterrillerosioninUltisols.

简介：在370点的Cu底层上的熔融的双性人的弄湿的行为上的直接电流的效果

简介：小总数(LWA)的影响在总数以及具体渗透附近在化学界限水和浆糊的毛孔结构上预先弄湿被调查。结果显示出那，在干燥LWA有的早年龄在它附近的稠密的浆糊的形成上的重要效果并且改进具体不能渗透的性质或状态。然而，prewettedLWA在以后的年龄有强壮的释放水的效果，它在它附近增加浆糊的水和度，并且让邻近的浆糊与低孔和更好的孔开发结构，而且，具体不能渗透的性质或状态能被改进。这被建议至于有低耐久性要求的水泥，没有预先弄湿的LWA只要，处理能被使用满足新鲜水泥的可使用性要求，水泥的好不能渗透的性质或状态能也被获得。至于有高耐久性要求的水泥，prewettedLWA应该被使用，并且只要，预先弄湿的时间应该被扩大可能，以便优化具体结构在长期，并且改进具体耐久性。

简介：Directseededriceispromisingalternativetotraditionaltransplanting,butrequiresappropriatecropandwatermanagementtomaintainyieldperformanceandachievehighwaterproductivity.Presentstudyevaluatedtheeffectofseedprimingandirrigationoncropestablishment,tillering,agronomictraits,paddyyield,grainqualityandwaterproductivityofdirectseededriceinalternatewettinganddrying(DSR-AWD)incomparisonwithdirectseededriceatfieldcapacity(DSRFC).Seedprimingtreatmentswereosmo-primingwithKCl(2.2%),CaCl2(2.2%)andmoringaleafextracts(MLE,3.3%)includinghydro-primingascontrol.Amongthetreatments,seedosmo-primedwithMLEemergedearlierandhadhigherfinalemergence,followedbyosmo-primingwithCaCl2.TilleringemergencerateandnumberoftillersperplantwerethehighestforseedprimingwithCaCl2inDSRAWD.Totalproductiveandnon-productivetillers,paniclelength,biologicalandgrainyields,harvestindexwerehighestforseedprimingwithMLEorCaCl2inDSR-AWD.Similarly,grainquality,estimatedintermsofnormalgrains,abortiveandchalkygrains,wasalsothehighestinDSR-AWDwithMLEosmo-priming.BenefitcostratioandwaterproductivitywasalsothehighestinDSR-AWDforseedprimingwithMLE.Inconclusion,seedprimingwithMLEorCaCl2canbesuccessfullyemployedtoimprovethedirectseededriceperformancewhenpracticedwithalternatewettinganddryingirrigation.

简介：TheternarycompoundbariumaluminosilicateBaAl2Si2O8,knownascelsian,anon-wettingadditivethatincreasesthecorrosionresistanceofrefractorymaterialsagainstmoltenaluminum,wasincorporatedintothematrixofahigh-aluminalowcementcastableafteritssynthesisusingbariteandalowcostsourceofaluminaandsilica.Thispaperpresentstheinfluenceofthisphaseonthewettingangleformedbetweenliquidaluminumalloyandsolidrefractorycastablesurface.

简介：NanocrystallineanataseTiO2filmswithindiumtinoxide(ITO)coatedglassasthefilmsubstratewerefabricatedthroughspin-coatingtechnique.TheTiO2pasteswerepreparedwithsodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate(DBS)modifiedTiO2nanocrystals,synthesizedbysol-hydrothermalprocessesinadvance,togetherwithdifferentamountsofpolyethyleneglycol(PEG)macromolecules.Theas-preparedfilmsweremainlycharacterizedbyultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectroscopy,fieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopy(FE-SEM)andwatercontactangle(WCA)measurement.EffectsoftheadditionofDBSandPEGonthewettingperformanceoftheresultingfilmsandrelevantmechanismswereprincipallyinvestigated.Theresultsshowthattheas-preparedfilmdisplayssuper-hydrophilicpropertyafterco-additionofDBSandPEGalthoughitisnotexposedtoultravioletlightpriortotheWCAmeasurement.Thisappealingresultismainlyattributedtotheproducedmicroandnanometer-scalehierarchicalsurfacestructurewithuniformlydispersedmicropapillae.EachpapillawasmadeupofagreatnumberofTiO2nanoparticles.ThepossibleformationmechanismsrelatedtotheDBSamphiphilicpropertyofthecharacteristicsurfacewerealsosuggested.Moreover,theresultingfilmalsoexhibitsconsiderabledurabilityinthesuperhydrophilicity,whichisveryusefulforpracticalapplicationinself-cleaning,anti-fogging,andbacteria-resistantfields.

简介：由于短链perfluoroalkyl组的非结晶的性质，使用短链perfluoroalkyl稳定免费精力聚合物是的低表面一项挑战性的任务。在这研究，我们poly准备一系列随机的共聚物(perfluorohexylethylmethacrylate)-co-poly(stearylacrylate)(P13FMA-co-PSA)并且poly堵住共聚物(perfluorohexylethylmethacrylate)-b-poly(stearylacrylate)(P13FMA-b-PSA)，并且系统地在表面上调查顺序结构的效果和氟化的共聚物的13FMA的内容免费精力和表面重组。静态/动态的接触角度角度测定法和水/油抵抗性分析证明随机的聚合物P13FMA-co-PSA不能完成低表面免费精力和低表面重组同时。相反为块共聚物P13FMA-b-PSA，两低表面免费精力和低表面重组同时被获得。X光检查光电子光谱学(XPS)的结果，动态接触角度角度测定法和微分扫描热量测定(DSC)揭示上述性质。当连续SA链提高SA片断的crystallinity时，连续13FMA片断改进表面氟的符号密度，并且进一步妨碍perfluoroalkyl组的表面重组。因此，P13FMA-b-PSA比P13FMA-co-PSA展出氟的符号原子和更好结构的稳定性的更高的利用效率。

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简介：Soldersizeeffectonearlystageinterfacialintermetalliccompound(IMC)evolutioninwettingreactionbetweenSne3.0Age0.5Cusolderballsandelectrolessnickelelectrolesspalladiumimmersiongold(ENEPIG)padsat250Cwasinvestigated.TheinterfacialIMCstransformedfrominitialneedle-androdtype(Cu,Ni)6Sn5tododecahedron-type(Cu,Ni)6Sn5andthentoneedle-type(Ni,Cu)3Sn4attheearlyinterfacialreactionstage.Moreover,theseIMCtransformationsoccurredearlierinthesmallersolderjoints,wherethedecreasingrateofCuconcentrationwasfasterduetotheCuconsumptionbytheformationofinterfacial(Cu,Ni)6Sn5.Onthermodynamics,thedecreaseofCuconcentrationinliquidsolderchangedthephaseequilibriumattheinterfaceandthusresultedintheevolutionofinterfacialIMCs;onkinetics,largersolderjointshadsufficientCufluxtowardtheinterfacetofeedthe(Cu,Ni)6Sn5growthincontrasttosmallersolderjoints,thusresultedinthedelayedIMCtransformationandtheformationoflargerdodecahedron-type(Cu,Ni)6Sn5grains.Insmallersolders,nospallingbuttheconsumptionof(Cu,Ni)6Sn5grainsbytheformationof(Ni,Cu)3Sn4grainsoccurredwheresmallerdiscrete(Cu,Ni)6Sn5grainsformedattheinterface.