简介：Inthispaper,asubdivisionschemewhichgeneralizesasurfaceschemeinpreviouspaperstovolumemeshesisdesigned.Theschemeexhibitssignificantcontrolovershrink-age/sizeofvolumetricmodels.Italsohastheabilitytoconvenientlyincorporateboundariesandcreasesintoasmoothlimitshapeofmodels.ThemethodpresentedhereismuchsimplerandeasierascomparedtoMacCrackenandJoy's.Thismethodmakesnorestrictionsonthelocaltopologyofmeshes.Particularly,itcanbeappliedwithoutanychangetomeshesofnonmanifoldtopology.

简介：Basedonstatisticsprinciple,randomerrorandsystematicerrorwereconsideredandthevolumetricpropertiesofthetwomixturestypes,namelyAandB,werestatisticallyanalyzedusingdifferentdistributionmethods.Seventy-twosamplesofmixtureAandfifty-twoofmixtureBwerefabricatedusingtheMarshallmethod.Theprobabilitydistributionswerecomparedonthebasisofgoodnessoffit.Weibullmodelwasfoundtobemostappropriatemodelfordescribingtheasphaltmixturesvolumetricpropertiesdistribution.Thetwo-parameterWeibulldistributionfunctionappliedwelltomodelthebulkspecificgravityandvoidsfilledwithasphaltdata,whereas,thethree-parameterWeibulldistributionappearedtobemoreappropriateinthediscussingofairvoidsandvoidsinmineralaggregate.Theexperimetalresultsisrevealedthatcomparedwiththemeanvalue,thepeakvalueofWeibulldistributionwassuggestedasanalternativeandmorepowerfulparameterfordescribingthetestdatadistributioncharacteristic.Theanalysisoftestresultsalsorevealedthatthereweresignificantdifferencesinthevolumetricpropertiesofthetwotestedmixturesforthesameconfidencelevel.Theconfidenceintervaldecreasedwiththedecreasinginreliability.

简介：纸与空气在氢，天然气或煤油蒸汽的混合物描述燃烧的电子横梁开始的结果。电子横梁特征与不动的气体在关上的体积被学习。研究包括了一根电子横梁，当前的密度的分发和电子的平均精力的一个评价的综合电流的定义。借助于在在在入口的高速度的燃烧室的这条途径的燃料混合物点火的可能性被表明。实验在4和5的马赫数字被执行。在电子横梁行动下面的点火和燃烧的过程被研究。混合的点火发生在电子枪操作的结束以后，这被揭示。获得的数据为氢和天然气的点火证实了电子横梁申请的有效性。在隧道的混合的燃烧的数字模拟根据雷纳兹借助于ANSYSCFD12.0乐器学被执行平均海军司烧方程使用SST/k-骚乱模型。为燃烧建模，有8种类的38反应的一个详细运动计划被实现考虑有限的率化学。计算证明了发达模型允许甚至在低流动温度预言混合物和火焰繁殖的点火。

简介：Thechangeoftheconfinedaquiferlevelreflectstheporepressurechange,andtheporepressurechangeoftheaquiferiscloselyrelatedtotheaquiferpressure.ThispaperusesthetidalresponseofthewellwaterleveldataintheNorthChinaregiontocalculatethetidalfactorofeachwellandextracttheeffectivewatertrendinformation.Then,thevolumetricstrainofanexistingconfinedaquiferwellintheNorthChinaregionisinverted,andthecontourmapsareplottedonahalf-yearscalefrom2009to2012.ResultsshowthatitcanreflectthestateofstressandstrainindeepcrusttoacertainextentintheNorthChinaregion.

简介：AbstractImportance:Irradiation treatment for pediatric patients with neuroblastoma represents a major challenge due to the pediatric dose limits for critical structures and the necessity of sufficient dose coverage of the clinical target volume for local control.Objective:To investigate dosimetric differences between tomotherapy (TOMO) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) as retroperitoneal radiotherapy for children with neuroblastoma.Methods:Eight patients who received retroperitoneal radiotherapy for neuroblastoma were selected for comparison of TOMO and VMAT treatment plans. The Dmin, Dmax, Dmean, D95, D2, and D98 of planning target volume (PTV), conformity index (CI), heterogeneity index (HI), and organs at risk (OARs) parameters were compared. Delivery machine unit (MU) and image-guide radiotherapy solution results were also compared.Results:All patients received a cumulative dose of 19.5 Gy to the PTV. VMAT showed higher CI (0.93 ± 0.02), compared with TOMO (0.87 ± 0.03, P < 0.001). Notably, the average PTV HI was significantly better using TOMO (1.05 ± 0.01) than VMAT (1.08 ± 0.02, P = 0.003). Compared with VMAT, the Dmin, D95, and D98 all exhibited increases in TOMO; Dmax variation was less than 1% in TOMO. The D0.1cc for the spinal cord and D2cc for the small intestine were better in TOMO in terms of OARs. However, TOMO had more MUs and required a longer delivery time.Interpretation:Both planning techniques are capable of producing high-quality treatment plans. TOMO is superior for PTV coverage, but inferior for CI. TOMO requires extra treatment time; its cost is greater than the cost of VMAT.

简介：充分提取并且我的在时空尺寸的水库和地质的结构的多尺度的特征，新3D多尺度的容量的弯曲(MSVC)方法论在这份报纸被介绍。我们也为计算3D建议一个快算法容量的弯曲。与常规容量的弯曲属性相比，它的主要改进和关键算法在wavenumber域在时间频率领域和相应多尺度的适应微分操作符介绍多频率部件扩大，进容量的弯曲计算。这方法论能同时在两时空描绘地震多尺度的特征。另外，我们在各种各样的规模使用容量的弯曲的数据熔化充分利用弯曲大小在不同规模提取的地质的特征和异例。3DMSVC能加亮地质的异例并且同时减少噪音。因此，它改进弯曲属性分析的解释效率。3DMSVC被用于土地和海洋的3D地震数据。结果证明它能显示水库的空间分发，检测差错和破裂地区，并且识别他们的多尺度的性质。

简介：Volumetricelasticmodulus(VEM)isanimportantparameterinbiophysicsandbiomechanicsofplantsforinparticularunderstandingcellgrowth.ThispaperproposesanewrelationthatcanbeusedforpreciselydeterminingVEM.Withtheaidofthisrelation,itshowsthattheexponentialapproximationofthepressure-volumerelationshipadoptedinmostoftheliteraturesinthisfieldmayleadtoseriouserrorsonVEM.

简介：Thisworkintroducesascalableandefficienttopologicalstructurefortetrahedralandhexahedralmeshes.Thedesignofthedatastructureaimsatmaximalflexibilityandhighperformance.Itprovidesahighscalabilitybyusinghierarchicalrepresentationsoftopologicalelements.Theproposeddatastructureisarray-based,anditisacompactrepresentationofthehalf-edgedatastructureforvolumeelementsandhalf-facedatastructureforvolumetricmeshes.Thisguaranteesconstantaccesstimetotheneighborsofthetopologicalelements.Inaddition,anopen-sourceimplementationnamedOpenVolumetricMesh(OVM)oftheproposeddatastructureiswritteninC++usinggenericprogrammingconcepts.

简介：过量音量(VE)，超声的速度(u)，isentropic压缩的可能性(K)和粘性()为有在303.15点的1,2-dichlorobenzene，1,3-dichlorobenzene，1,2,4-trichlorobenzene，o-chlorotoluene，m-chlorotoluene，p-chlorotoluene，o硝基甲苯和m硝基甲苯的dimethylformamide(DMF)的二进制混合物，K被学习。过量卷数据展览在为有1,2-dichlorobenzenes和1,3-dichlorobenzenes和性质的dimethylformamide的混合物的符号的倒置在为有1,2,4-trichlorobenzene，o硝基甲苯和m硝基甲苯的dimethylformamide的混合物的全部作文范围上是完全积极的。在另一方面，数量为有chlorotoluenes的dimethylformamide的混合物是否定的。Isentropic压缩的可能性(K)从精确健全速度和密度数据为一样的系统被计算了。进一步，从理想的行为的isentropic压缩的可能性(K)的偏差也是计算的。K值在在所有二进制混合物的全部音量部分范围上是否定的。试验性的健全速度数据以免费长度理论(FLT)和碰撞因素理论(CFT)被分析。粘性数据根据相应州的途径被分析。测量数据根据在不同分子之间的分子间的相互作用被讨论。

简介：AbstractBackground:The three-dimensional (3D) visualization model has ability to quantify the surgical anatomy of far-lateral approach. This study was designed to disclose the relationship between surgical space and exposed tissues in the far-lateral approach by the volumetric analysis of 3D model.Methods:The 3D skull base models were constructed using MRI and CT data of 15 patients (30 sides) with trigeminal neuralgia. Surgical corridors of the far-lateral approach were simulated by triangular pyramids to represent two surgical spaces exposing bony and neurovascular tissues. Volumetric comparison of surgical anatomy was performed using pair t test.Results:The morphometric results were almost the same in the two surgical spaces except the vagus nerve (CN X) exposed only in one corridor, whereas the volumetric comparison represented the statistical significant differences of surgical space and bony and neurovascular tissues involved in the two corridors (P<0.001). The differences of bony and neurovascular tissues failed to equal the difference of surgical space.Conclusions:For far-lateral approach, the increase of exposure for the bony and neurovascular tissues is not necessarily matched with the increase of surgical space. The volumetric comparative analysis is helpful to provide more detailed anatomical information in the surgical design.

简介：Two-dimensional(2D)metalcarbides,MXene,presentthepromisingapplicationfortheenergystoragesystem.AmongtheMXenefamily,Ti2CTxasthelightestmaterial,showsitsuniqueelectrochemicalperformance.Herein,Ti2CTxissynthesizedbyselectiveetchingAllayerfromtheTi2AlC.WiththeoptimizedHFtreatingcondition,Ti2CTxdisplayshighvolumetriccapacitaneeandremarkablerateability.Moreover,theTi2CTx//Ti2CTxsymmetricsupercapacitorisdesignedandassembled,whichpresentscapablecapacitance,outstandingrateperformanceandexcellentcyclingperformance.Theremarkableelectrochemicalperformanceisattributedtoits2Dstructureandhighelectronicconductivity.ThisworkdemonstratesthepotentialapplicationoftheTi2CTxforthesupercapac让o「sandprovidesatemplatetodesignhighperformancesupercapacitorswith2Delectrodematerials.

简介：AbstractBackground:The effects of oral contrast agents (OCAs) on dosimetry have not been studied in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of OCAs on dose calculation in volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans for rectal cancer.Methods:From 2008 to 2016, computed tomography (CT) images were obtained from 33 rectal cancer patients administered OCA with or without intravenous contrast agent (ICA) and 14 patients who received no contrast agent. CT numbers of organs at risk were recorded and converted to electronic densities. Volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans were designed before and after the original densities were replaced with non-enhanced densities. Doses to the planned target volume (PTV) and organs at risk were compared between the plans.Results:OCA significantly increased the mean and maximum densities of the bowels, while the effects of ICA on these parameters depended on the blood supply of the organs. With OCA, the actual doses for PTV were significantly higher than planned and doses to the bowel increased significantly although moderately. However, the increase in the volume receiving a high-range doses was substantial (the absolute change of intestine volume receiving ≥52 Gy: 1.46 [0.05-3.99, cubic centimeter range: -6.74 to 128.12], the absolute change of colon volume receiving ≥50 Gy: 0.34 [0.01-1.53 cc, range: -0.08 to 3.80 cc]. Dose changes due to ICA were insignificant. Pearson correlation showed that dose changes were significantly correlated with a high intestinal volume within or near the PTV (ρ > 0.5, P < 0.05) and with the density of enhanced intestine (ρ > 0.3, P < 0.05).Conclusions:Contrast agents applied in simulation cause underestimation of doses in actual treatment. The overdose due to ICA was slight, while that due to OCA was moderate. The bowel volume receiving ≥50Gy was dramatically increased when OCA within the bowel was absent. Physicians should be aware of these issues if the original plan is barely within clinical tolerance or if a considerable volume of enhanced intestine is within or near the PTV.

简介：Toattainthevolumetricinformationoftheopticradiationinnormalhumanbrains,weperformeddiffusiontensorimagingexaminationin13healthyvolunteers.Simultaneously,weusedabrainnormalizationmethodtoreduceindividualbrainvariationandincreasetheaccuracyofvolumetricinformationanalysis.Inaddition,tractography-basedgroupmappingmethodwasalsousedtoinvestigatetheprobabilityanddistributionoftheopticradiationpathways.Ourresultsshowedthatthemeasuredopticradiationfibertractvolumewasarangeofabout0.16%andthatthefractionalanisotropyvaluewasabout0.53.Moreover,theopticradiationprobabilityfiberpathwaythatwasdeterminedwithdiffusiontensortractography-basedgroupmappingwasabletodetectthelocationrelativelyaccurately.Webelievethatourmethodsandresultsarehelpfulinthestudyofopticradiationfibertractinformation.

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