简介:Theeffectofbismuth(Bi)forbothVO2+/VO2+andV3+/V2+redoxcouplesinvanadiumflowbatteries(VFBs)hasbeeninvestigatedbydirectlyintroducingBionthesurfaceofcarbonfelt(CF).TheresultsshowthatBihasnocatalyticeffectforVO2+/VO2+redoxcouple.Duringthefirstchargeprocess,BiisoxidizedtoBi3+(neverreturnbacktoBimetalinthesubsequentcycles)duetothelowstandardredoxpotentialof0.308V(vs.SHE)forBi3+/BiredoxcouplecomparedwithVO2+/VO2+redoxcoupleandBi3+exhibitno(orneglectable)electro-catalyticactivity.Additionally,therelationshipbetweenBiloadingandelectrochemicalactivityforV3+/V2+redoxcouplewasstudiedindetail.2wt%Bi-modifiedcarbonfelt(2%-BiCF)exhibitsthehighestelectrochemicalactivity.Usingitasnegativeelectrode,ahighenergyefficiency(EE)of79.0%canbeachievedatahighcurrentdensityof160mA/cm2,whichis5.5%higherthanthepristineone.Moreover,theelectrolyteutilizationratioisalsoincreasedbymorethan30%.Eventhecelloperatedat140mA/cm2forover300cycles,theEEcanreach80.9%withoutobviousfluctuationandattenuation,suggestingexcellentcatalyticactivityandelectrochemicalstabilityinVFBs.
简介:通过对汉语V1+N+V2结构的自主/依存分析,认为V1+N+V2结构表达的语义内容是[V1N]和[V2N]两个事件的联结,N的语义重合是[V1N]和[、陀N]两个事件联结的必要条件。汉语V1+N+V2结构既可以表达因果关系又可以表达动作/目的关系的内在动因是N与V1和V2不同的联结方式。因果类V1+N+V2结构中的N凸显的语义侧面,对V1和V2凸显的界标和射体做出阐释,形成[V1N]和[NV2]两个事件,表达一种因果关系;而动作/目的类V1+N+V2结构中的N凸显的语义侧面,对V1和v2凸显的界标做出阐释,形成[V1N]和[V2N]两个事件,表达一种动作/目的关系。
简介:Inthispaper,wedemonstratetheacetylehe(C2H2)sensorwithhighsensitivityusingahollow-corephotonicbandgapfiber(HC-PCF).ExperimentsformeasuringC2H2concentrationsingasmixtureareperformed.Usinga2m-longHC-PCFasgascell,thespectrumofacetyleneatn1+n3bandhasbeenmeasured,andtheP11-branchhasbeenselectedforthepurposeofsensing.Aminimumdetectivityof143partspermillionbyvolume(ppmv)forthesystemconfigurationisestimated.
简介:“V1+着+V2”格式是一个复杂结构,可分析成四种类型:偏正结构、连动结构、动宾结构和递系结构。其中偏正结构最多,动宾结构次之,连动结构再次,递系结构最少。结构划分分歧极大,方式序列能否构成连动结构是导致分歧的主要原因,时序原则是连动结构的结构原则,即满足时序原则的方式序列可以作为连动结构处理。但语言又是一个动态的过程,因此语言焦点也会对语义产生重大影响,从而四个结构之间存在很多交叉部分,必须结合语境详细说明。
简介:Inthispaper,buildingtogrid(B2G)andvehicletogrid(V2G)havebeendefinedwithclearandpracticalunderstanding.Bothofthemarenewgenerationtechnologieswhicharetheessentialpartofsmartcitylivingandcrowdenergyclustering.Firstly,anin-detailedoverviewhasbeenprovidedwithanintroductiontoB2GandV2Gfollowedbyahistoricaloverviewandtheoreticalanalysisinrespecttosmartcityplanning.Next,areviewisconductedoncurrentandprevioussmartlivingresearch,whichdealswithB2GandV2G.EfficientB2GandV2Gimplementationsinpracticalcasesthenhavebeendiscussed.Lastly,bothofthesetechnicalprospectshavebeenanalyzedincrowdenergydiagram.