简介：Rice(OryzasativaL.)isanimportantfoodcropandrequireslargeramountofwaterthroughoutitslifecycleascomparedtoothercrops.Hence,waterrelatedstresscauseseverethreattoriceproduction.Droughtisamajorchallengelimitingriceproduction.Itaffectsriceatmorphological(reducedgermination,plantheight,plantbiomass,numberoftillers,variousrootandleaftraits),physiological(reducedphotosynthesis,transpiration,stomatalconductance,wateruseefficiency,relativewatercontent,chlorophyllcontent,photosystemⅡactivity,membranestability,carbonisotopediscriminationandabscisicacidcontent),biochemical(accumulationofosmoprotectantlikeproline,sugars,polyaminesandantioxidants)andmolecular(alteredexpressionofgeneswhichencodetranscriptionfactorsanddefencerelatedproteins)levelsandtherebyaffectsitsyield.Tofacilitatetheselectionordevelopmentofdroughttolerantricevarieties,athoroughunderstandingofthevariousmechanismsthatgoverntheyieldofriceunderwaterstressconditionisaprerequisite.Thus,thisreviewisfocusedmainlyonrecentinformationabouttheeffectsofdroughtonrice,riceresponsesaswellasadaptationmechanismstodroughtstress.

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简介：Gradingprocedureinroutineseacucumberhatcheryproductionisthoughttoaffectjuvenileseacucumberimmunologicalresponse.Thepresentstudyinvestigatedtheimpactofa3-minmechanicalperturbationmimickingthegradingprocedureonneuroendocrineandimmuneparametersoftheseacucumberApostichopusjaponicus.Duringtheapplicationofstress,concentrationsofnoradrenalineanddopamineincoelomicfluidincreasedsignificantly,indicatingthatthemechanicalperturbationresultedinatransientstateofstressinseacucumbers.Coelomocytesconcentrationincoelomicfluidincreasedtransientlyafterthebeginningofstressing,andreachedthemaximumin1h.Whereas,coelomocytesphagocytosisat3min,superoxideanionproductionfrom3minto0.5h,acidphosphataseactivityat0.5h,andphenoloxidaseactivityfrom3minto0.5hwereallsignificantlydown-regulated.Alloftheimmuneparametersrecoveredtobaselinelevelsaftertheexperimentwasconductedfor8h,andanimmunostimulationoccurredafterthestressconsideringthephagocytosisandacidphosphataseactivity.Theresultssuggestedthat,asinothermarineinvertebrates,neuroendocrine/immuneconnectionsexistinseacucumberA.japonicus.Mechanicalstresscanelicitaprofoundinfluenceonseacucumberneuroendocrinesystem.Neuroendocrinemessengersactinturntomodulatetheimmunityfunctions.Therefore,theseeffectsshouldbeconsideredfordevelopingbetterhusbandryprocedures.

简介：Brainischemicstrokeistheleadingcauseoflong-lastinginjury,disability,anddeathinadults.Althoughthebrainrepresentsonlyabout2%ofthetotalbodymass,itconsumesalmost20%ofthebody’soxygen.Asaresult,braincellsareextremelysensitivetohypoxia.Oncecerebralischemiaoccurs,thecoreofthe

简介：象和局部剪切带逐渐明显(图2和5)，峰值应力以及相应轴向应变则不断减小(图8和9)；3.在大于2MPa的高压固结不排水试验中，其孔隙水压/轴向应变曲线明显不同于常压(图3)；4.上述与压力相关的力学性质均与黏土微观结构相关(图6和12)；5.高压下黏土难以达到所谓的临界状态。

简介：BytheaftershockfrequencyestimationmethodbasedonthecalculationofcoseismicstaticCoulombstresschangesandrate-andstate-dependentfaultconstitutivelaw,wecalculatethefrequencyof"direct"aftershocksoftheWenchuanearthquakerelatedtocoseismicstaticCoulombstresschangesinitsaftershockzoneandtheareasnearby.Itshowsthatthefrequencyissignificantlylowerthanthetruthinthemainrupturezone,especiallyinthesouthernrupturezone,duetothedecreaseofstresslevelontheruptureplaneofthemainshockresultingfromcoseismicCoulombstresschange.ThestudyalsoshowsthattheeffectoftheCoulombstresschangeonthedurationofaftershockactivityisassociatedwiththelowerlimitmagnitude.Thedurationisabout15-16monthsforaftershocksaboveML4.0,andcloseto60monthsforaftershocksaboveML3.5.Inthisperiod,theratioofthe"direct"aftershockscausedbycoseismicCoulombstresschangerangesbetween44.7%to48.6%,whichsuggeststhat,eveninthe"effective"periodofcoseismicCoulombstresschanges,abouthalfoftheaftershocksonthemainshockruptureplaneareindependentofcoseismicCoulombstresschanges.Itispointedoutthatthoseaftershocksmayberelatedtotheaftersliportheviscoelasticrelaxation,whicharetimedependentcases.

简介：Centralnervoussystem(CNS)injuriescausedbycerebrovascularpathologies(e.g.,stroke)ormechanicalcontusions(e.g.,traumaticbraininjury)disrupttheblood-brainbarrier(BBB)thatprotectstheCNSmicroenvironmentfromadirectcontactwithbloodsubstancesandcells.Theinitialneuraldamagecausedbythetraumaandtheischemicprocess

简介：Thesystematiclaboratorystudiesontherolesofsulfate-reducingbacteria(SRB)inthestresscorrosioncracking(SCC)susceptibilityofX80steelsubjectedtocathodicpotentialhavebeenconductedinanearneutralpHsoilsolutionbyslowstrainratetests.ThecathodicpotentialandSRBincreaseindividuallytheSCCsusceptibilityofthesteelinthesoilsolution.ThepositiveroleoftheSRBactivitiesinSCCsusceptibilitydependsontheprolongationofpre-incubationtime,andtheSCCsusceptibilityofthesteelincreasesundermorenegativepotentials.What’smore,theappliedpotentialsandthepresenceofSRBworktogetherinpromotingtheSCCsusceptibilityofthesteel.But,thecombinedactionbecomeslimitedwithdecreasingcathodicpotentials.Therelationshipsbetweentheplasticitylossandthepermeablehydrogenconcentrationwereestablishedforthesteelinthesoilsolution,regardlessofunderopencircuitpotentialorcathodicpotentials,inboththesterileandSRBinoculatedconditions.Therelationshipsarepracticallysignificantfortheselectionofsafecathodicprotection(CP)potentialsinthepresenceofSRBinsoilenvironment.

简介：·AIM:Toinvestigatethepossibleeffectsofintracameralbevacizumabonoxidativestressparametersandapoptosisincornealtissue.·METHODS:Intotal,30ratswereassignedrandomlyintothefollowingthreegroupsof10ratseach:ashamgroup(Group1;n=10),acontrolgroup[Group2;balancedsaltsolution(BSS)wasadministeredat0.01mL;n=10],andatreatmentgroup(Group3;bevacizumabwasadministeredat0.25mg/0.01mL;n=10).Thetotalantioxidantstatus(TAS)andthetotaloxidantstatus(TOS)inthecornealtissueandbloodsamplesweremeasured,andtheoxidativestressindex(OSI)wascalculated.Additionally,cornealtissuehistopathologywasevaluatedforcaspase-3and8stainingandapoptoticactivity.·RESULTS:Inthebloodsamples,theTAS,TOS,andOSIlevelswerenotsignificantlydifferent(allP>0.05).Comparedwiththeshamandcontrolgroups,theTOSandOSIlevelsinthecornealtissuesweresignificantlydifferentinthebevacizumabgroup(allP<0.05).Nostatisticallysignificantdifferenceswereobservedbetweentheshamandcontrolgroups(allP>0.05).However,comparedwiththeshamandcontrolgroups,greaterimmunohistochemicalstainingforcaspases-3and8andanelevatedlevelofapoptoticactivitywereobservedinthebevacizumabgroup.·CONCLUSION:Thisstudyrevealedthatintracameralbevacizumabinjectionsseemedtobesystemicallysafebutmayhaveelicitedlocaltoxiceffectsinthecornealtissue,asindicatedbytheoxidativestressparametersandhistopathologicalevaluations.

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简介：Principalstressaxesrotationinfluencesthestress-strainbehaviorofsandunderwaveloading.Aconstitutivemodelforsand,whichconsidersprincipalstressorientationandisbasedongeneralizedplasticitytheory,isproposed.Thenewmodel,whichemploysstressinvariantsandadiscretememoryfactorduringreloading,isoriginalbecauseitquantifiesmodelparametersusingexperimentaldata.Foursetsofhollowtorsionexperimentswereconductedtocalibratetheparametersandpredictthecapabilityoftheproposedmodel,whichdescribestheeffectsofprincipalstressorientationonthebehaviorofsand.Theresultsprovetheeffectivenessoftheproposedcalibrationmethod.

简介：这研究针对评估edulis(EPE)在糖尿病的老鼠提取的热情水果Passiflora的反糖尿病的潜力，跟随导致的Streptozotocin(STZ)氧化应力。三十只成年Wistar老鼠被划分成五个组，带着在每个组的六只老鼠。控制老鼠与柠檬酸盐缓冲区intraperitoneally被注射(pH4.5)。老鼠的留下的组是由intraperitoneal线路的STZ的45mg·kg−1的管理单个剂量导致糖尿病。糖尿病的动物与EPE和glibenclamide的250和500mg·kg−1被对待为由口头的线路的十五天的0.6mg·kg−1。血葡萄糖，结束机关氧化压力标记，和抗氧化剂是assayed。进一步，胰的组织病理学说的调查在试验的结束被学习。结果显著地揭示了EPE的那个稍尖的政府(P<0.001)在糖尿病的老鼠控制了血葡萄糖水平。另外，EPE摘录由在内脏的机关恢复抗氧化剂酶，显著地增加的超级氧化物dismutase水平(草皮)和TBARS水平保护了结束机关。在结论，EPE提取，这出现了反糖尿病并且对导致streptozotocin的糖尿病的抗氧化剂潜力。

简介：Thepaperstudiestheproblemoffluidflowandfluidshearstressincanaliculiwhentheosteonissubjecttoexternalmechanicalloadingandbloodpressureoscillation.Thesingleosteonismodeledasasaturatedporoelasticcylinder.Solidskeletonisregardedasaporoelastictransverselyisotropicmaterial.Togetnear-realisticresults,boththeinterstitialfluidandthesolidmatrixareregardedascompressible.BloodpressureoscillationintheHaveriancanalisconsidered.Usingtheporoelasticitytheory,ananalyticalsolutionoftheporefluidpressureisobtained.Assumingthefluidincanaliculiisincompressible,analyticalsolutionsoffluidflowvelocityandfluidshearstresswiththeNavier-Stokesequationsofincompressiblefluidareobtained.Theeffectofvariousparametersonthefluidflowvelocityandfluidshearstressisstudied.更多还原

简介：温度是影响章鱼vulgaris的生长和幸存的一个重要环境因素，普通章鱼。理解保护的机制那O。在热应力下面的vulgaris展览，我们使用了cDNA结束(种族)的快速的扩大获得联系的三热压力回答的全身的序列基因：(1)热吃惊蛋白质70(OvHSP70)，(2)热吃惊抄写因素(OvHSF)，并且(3)O的热吃惊因素绑定蛋白质(OvHSBP)。vulgaris。OvHSP70，OvHSF，和OvHSBP蛋白质包含了2222bp，2264bp，分别地为635，458和90氨基酸编码了的841bp。多重顺序排列的结果证明OvHSP70的氨基酸序列高度关于另外的种类被保存。同样，DNA有约束力的域，OvHSF的trimerization域，和OvHSBP的卷的卷区域高度也保存了区域。即时聚合酶链反应(PCR)结果显示OvHSP70是温度依赖者和时间依赖者，显示积极回答加热应力。在到28敨慰潴慰据敲獡椠据敲獡摥猠杩楮楦慣瑮祬愠?桴?楦獲?的暴露上?栠愠摮?栠爠獥数瑣癩汥?椠摮捩瑡湩??楴獳敵?湡?楴敭搭灥湥敤瑮愠瑮潩楸慤瑮爠獥潰獮?湩？

简介：AdenseseismicnetworkwasinstalledinthecapitalregionofChinainrecentyears,whichmakesitpossibletoresolvethefocalmechanismsofsmallearthquakes.Wegatheredlargeearthquakefocalmechanismsfromthelastfiftyyearsandmoderateorsmallearthquakefocalmechanismsfrombetween2002and2004,andcalculatedthepresenttectonicstressfieldofthecapitalregionbythegridsearchmethod,whichweighsdifferentsizedearthquakesandcanimprovetheaccuracyofthestressfieldinversion.Theanalysisofinversionresultsofdifferentsub-regionsshowsthattheazinuthofthemaximumprincipalcompressivestressaxisisNE43°-86°intheBeijing-Zhangjiakou-Datongarea,NE38°-86°intheTangshanarea,andNE79°-81°intheXingtaiarea.Inversionresultsofthispaperaresimilartopreviousresults,whichprovesthecorrectnessoftheapproach.Asrevealedbytheresults,thestressfieldofthecapitalregionischaracterizedbyoverallconsistencyandsub-regionaldifferences.Thisstudyprovidesreferenceforearthquakemechanismexplanationandgeodynamicsresearch.

简介：过氧化氢酶(猫)和硒依赖者谷胱甘肽peroxidase(Se-GPx)在由消除H2O2。这篇论文的目的是响应低咸度应力在ridgetail白人对虾Exopalaemoncarinicauda评估这些抗氧化剂分子的角色。包含猫的完全的编码顺序的互补DNA(cDNA)用反向抄写的聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和cDNA结束的快速的扩大从hepatopancreas被克隆。猫(2649bp)的全身的cDNA包含78bp的一个5-untranslated区域(UTR)，1017bp的3-UTR，与一poly(A)尾巴，并且开的读与58.46kDa的预言的分子的质量和6.64的估计的等电位的点编码517-amino-acid多肽的1554bp的框架。这个猫序列包含了近似活跃地点签名(60FDRERIPERVVHAKGAG76),近似heme-ligand签名顺序(350RLFSYPDTH358)和三催化氨基酸残余(他的71,Asn144和Tyr354)。顺序比较证明CAT推出了E的氨基酸顺序。carinicauda另外的种类与那些分享了身份的68%-92%。量的即时PCR分析表明猫mRNA广泛地在hepatopancreas被表示(最高)，血球，眼柄，心，鳃，肌肉，卵巢和胃。在低咸度应力下面，猫和GPxmRNA表示在分别地在开始的48h和6h显著地增加的鳃和hepatopancreas铺平两个，显示在E的织物依赖者和时间依赖者抗氧化剂回答。carinicauda。所有这些结果显示那E。carinicauda猫是CAT家庭的一个成员并且可能对低咸度应力涉及尖锐反应。

简介：Thedegradationmechanismofenhancement-modeAlGaN/GaNhighelectronmobilitytransistors(HEMTs)fabricatedbyfluorineplasmaionimplantationtechnologyisonemajorconcernofHEMT’sreliability.Itisobservedthatthethresholdvoltageshowsasignificantnegativeshiftduringthetypicallong-termon-stategateoverdrivestress.Thedegradationdoesnotoriginatefromthepresenceofas-growntrapsintheAlGaNbarrierlayerorthegeneratedtrapsduringfluorineionimplantationprocess.Bycomparingtherelationshipsbetweentheshiftofthresholdvoltageandthecumulativeinjectedelectronsunderdifferentstressconditions,agoodagreementisobserved.Itprovidesdirectexperimentalevidencetosupporttheimpactionizationphysicalmodel,inwhichthedegradationofE-modeHEMTsundergateoverdrivestresscanbeexplainedbytheionizationoffluorineionsintheAlGaNbarrierlayerbyelectronsinjectedfrom2DEGchannel.Furthermore,ourresultsshowthattherearefewnewtrapsgeneratedintheAlGaNbarrierlayerduringthegateoverdrivestress,andtheionizedfluorineionscannotrecapturetheelectrons.

简介：Thispaperaimstotheresearchoftheimpactoffluidshearstressontheadhesionbetweenvascularendothelialcellsandleukocyteinducedbytumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α)bymicrofliudicchiptechnology.Microfluidicchipwasfabricatedbysoftlithograph;Endothelialmicrofluidicchipwasconstructedbyoptimizingtypesoftheextracellularmatrixproteinsmodifiedinthemicrochannelandcellincubationtime;humanumbilicalveinendothelialcellsEA.Hy926linedinthemicrochannelwereexposedtofluidshearstressof1.68dynes/cm~2and8.4dynes/cm~2respectively.Meanwhile,adhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocytewasinducedbyTNF-αunderaflowcondition.EA.Hy926cellculturedinthestaticconditionwasusedascontrolgroup.Thenumbersoffluorescently-labeledleukocyteinmicrochannelwerecountedtoquantizetheadhesionlevelbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocyte;cellimmunofluorescencetechniquewasusedtodetecttheintercellularadhesionmolecule(ICAM-1)expression.TheconstructedendothelialmicrofluidicchipcanaffordtothefluidshearstressandrespondtoexogenousstimulusofTNF-α;comparedwiththeadhesionnumbersofleukocyteincontrolgroup,adhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsexposedtolowfluidshearstressandleukocytewasreducedunderthestimulusofTNF-αataconcentrationof10ng/ml(P<0.05);leukocyteadhesionwithEA.Hy926cellsexposedtohighfluidshearstresswasreducedsignificantlythanEA.Hy926cellsincontrolgroupandEA.1Hy926cellsexposedtolowfluidshearstress(P<0.01);theregulationmechanismoffluidshearstresstotheadhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocyteinducedbyTNF-αwasthroughthewayofICAM-1.Theendothelialmicrofluidicchipfabricatedinthispapercouldbeusedtostudythefunctionsofendothelialcellinvitroandprovideanewtechnicalplatformforexploringthepathophysiologyoftherelatedcardiovascularsystemdiseasesunderaflowenvironment.

简介：OnthebasisofthepreviousstudiesofthelayeredcrustalmodelintheYutianarea,combinedwiththefieldGPScontinuousobservationdata,weroughlyestimatetheviscouscoefficientofeachlayer.Withtheviscoelastichorizontallayermodel,wecalculatetheviscoelasticco-seismicCoulombstresschangecausedbytheYutianM_S7.3earthquakes2008and2014respectively.BasedontheCoulombstresschange,usingthecalculationmethodof"direct"aftershockfrequency,wecomeupwiththetheoreticalearthquakefrequencydirectlyrelatedtothemainshockandtheco-seismicCoulombstresschangeinthestudyarea.Thenweputforwardamethod,basedonthecomparisonoftheoreticalandactualearthquakefrequencyorthecomparisonbetweentheoreticalandpracticalearthquakefrequency-distancedecaycurvefittingresiduals,toestimatethemagnitudeofamaximumsequentearthquake,directlyrelatedtothemainshockco-seismicCoulombstresschange.Resultscalculatedbydifferentmethodsshowthatthemaximumfollow-upearthquakemagnitudecausedbythecoseismicCoulombstresschangeliesfromM_S7.2toM_S7.5followingYutianM_S7.3earthquakein2008;butthatofthe2014YutianM_S7.3earthquakeisM_S6.3.TheformerisveryclosetotheYutianM_S7.3earthquakein2014.Becauseofthesamemagnitude,relativelyclosespatialdistance,shorttimeinterval,thesameregionoftheexternalforce,thestrongcorrelationbetweentwoseismictectonicandaclearstressinteraction,wethusconsiderthatthetwoYutianM_S7.3earthquakesin2008and2014constituteapairofgeneralizeddoubleshocktypeearthquake.Thisisconsistentwiththesequencetypecharacteristicofpast"doubleshock"earthquakesintheregion.Inthispaper,theinfluenceofthemagnitudelowerlimitandtheb-valueintherelationshipofG-Rontheresultsisdiscussed.Asaresult,whentheviscoelasticcoseismicCoulombstressvariationisdetermined,thelowerlimitofmagnitudehaslittleeffectonthemaximumsequentearthquakemagnitude

简介：Intrinsiccarrierconcentration（ni）isoneofthemostimportantphysicalparametersforunderstandingthephysicsofstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterialsaswellasforevaluatingtheelectricalpropertiesofSi-basedstraineddevices.Uptonow,thereportonquantitativeresultsofintrinsiccarrierconcentrationinstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterialshasbeenstilllacking.Inthispaper,byanalyzingthebandstructureofstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterials,boththeeffectivedensitiesofthestatenearthetopofvalencebandandthebottomofconductionband（NcandNv）at218,330and393KandtheintrinsiccarrierconcentrationrelatedtoGefraction（x）at300KweresystematicallystudiedwithintheframeworkofKPtheoryandsemiconductorphysics.ItisfoundthattheintrinsiccarrierconcentrationinstrainedSi（001）andSi1-xGex（001）and（101）materialsat300KincreasessignificantlywithincreasingGefraction（x）,whichprovidesvaluablereferencestounderstandtheSibasedstraineddevicephysicsanddesign.