简介:AbstractThere has been a long history since human beings began to realize the existence of post-traumatic symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a diagnostic category adopted in 1980 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III, described typical clusters of psychiatric symptoms occurring after traumatic events. Abundant researches have helped deepen the understanding of PTSD in terms of epidemiological features, biological mechanisms, and treatment options. The prevalence of PTSD in general population ranged from 6.4% to 7.8% and was significantly higher among groups who underwent major public traumatic events. There has been a long way in the studies of animal models and genetic characteristics of PTSD. However, the high comorbidity with other stress-related psychiatric disorders and complexity in the pathogenesis of PTSD hindered the effort to find specific biological targets for PTSD. Neuroimage was widely used to elucidate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of PTSD. Functional MRI studies have showed that PTSD was linked to medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and sub-cortical structures like amygdala and hippocampus, and to explore the functional connectivity among these brain areas which might reveal the possible neurobiological mechanism related to PTSD symptoms. For now, cognitive behavior therapy-based psychotherapy, including combination with adjunctive medication, showed evident treatment effects on PTSD. The emergence of more effective PTSD pharmacotherapies awaits novel biomarkers from further fundamental research. Several natural disasters and emergencies have inevitably increased the possibility of suffering from PTSD in the last two decades, making it critical to strengthen PTSD research in China. To boost PTSD study in China, the following suggestions might be helpful: (1) establishing a national psychological trauma recover project, and (2) exploring the mechanisms of PTSD with joint effort and strengthening the indigenized treatment of PTSD.
简介:摘要中医学中虽然没有心理学一词,但却有着极为丰富的中医心理学思想和实践经验。中医学重视心理社会因素对人的健康和疾病所起的作用。特别是在心身疾病的发生、发展和预后中,认为心理社会因素和生理因素一样都是导致疾病的重要原因。故在两千多年来创造、发展了多种中医心理治疗法,既有效的指导着临床实践,也丰富了中医学体系,成为中医理论的一个组成部分。本文试图用中医的理论观点来治疗现代心理学中的“创伤后应激障碍”,在实际工作中取得了一定疗效,以抛砖引玉为目的。
简介:摘要目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急性应激障碍(ASD)对其后发生的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的预测作用,明确D型人格和认知评价在AMI患者ASD转变为PTSD过程中的潜在中介作用及路径。方法采用方便抽样法于2019年9—12月选取哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心内科的初发AMI患者为研究对象,在患者住院后1~2 d采用一般资料调查问卷、急性应激障碍量表(ASDS)、D型人格问卷(DS-14)、健康认知评价量表(CAHS)进行调查,出院后1个月采用电话随访的方式完成创伤后应激障碍症状问卷中文平民版(PCL-C)调查。结果本研究共发放494份问卷,回收有效问卷为457份。AMI患者的ASD发生率为31.29%(143/457),ASDS得分为(40.28±12.74)分;PTSD的发生率为33.5%(153/457),PCL-C得分为(34.49±14.00)分。有调节的中介效应分析表明,ASD可直接正向预测PTSD(P<0.01);伤害认知、不相关认知在ASD转变为PTSD过程中发挥中介作用(P<0.01);同时,D型人格可通过调节伤害认知、不相关认知影响ASD向PTSD转变的过程(P<0.05)。结论AMI患者ASD的发生可有效预测出院后1个月PTSD的出现。同时,D型人格调控的认知评价可在ASD转变为PTSD的过程中发挥重要中介作用。