简介：Low这个词……真是，算是目前最流行的最有力的用来鄙视别人的词了吧。和过去不一样的是，你想看不起谁，无论是他的穿衣打扮、言行举止，还是他为人处世方面，都不用再费心地去想什么侮辱性贬损性词汇，只要摇摇头，冷淡地说一句“他太low了”，立刻体内会分泌一种高大上的物质，让自己感觉好到不得了，俨然上帝视角俯视了一下世界，特别恨铁不成钢。

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简介：Strainageinginsteelwasfirstobservedduringthe19thcenturywhenthemaximumloadcarryingcapacityofatestpiecewasincreasedafterithadbeenretestedfollowingapreviousseriesoftestinginaplasticrange.Overthelastdecades,agreatdealofresearchhasbeenperformedtogaindeeperinsightsintothephenomenonofstrainageing.Thesynergisticdevelopmentoftheoreticalhypothesisandnewexperimentalevidenceshaspromotedtheunderstandingofthemechanismsunderlyingstrainageing.Thecontentofthispaperisorganizedintofourcomponents.First,wehavecomparedthemaintheoriesdevelopedinrecentyears.Second,wehavesummarizedthemetallurgicaleffectsonthestrainageingbehaviorobservedinexperiments.Moreover,wehavemadeanattempttocorrelatetheexperimentalresultsandtheabove-mentionedtheories.Third,wehaveproposedafeasiblesolutiontocontrolstrainageinginlowcarbonsteels.Finally,wehaveelaboratedthepotentialityoftheatomprobetechniqueinfacilitatingdirectcharacterizationofthedistributionofsoluteatoms.

简介：ForthereliabilityandpowerconsumptionissuesofEthernetdatatransmissionbasedonthefieldprogrammablegatearray(FPGA),alow-powerconsumptiondesignmethodisproposed,whichissuitableforFPGAimplementation.Toreducethedynamicpowerconsumptionofintegratedcircuit(IC)design,theproposedmethodadoptsthedynamiccontroloftheclockfrequency.Formostofthetime,whentheportisintheidlestateorlower-ratestate,userscanreduceoreventurnoffthereadingclockfrequencyandreducetheclockflipfrequencyinordertoreducethedynamicpowerconsumption.Whenthereceivingrateishigh,thereadingclockfrequencywillbeimprovedtimelytoensurethatnodatawilllost.SimulatedandverifiedbyModelsim,theproposedmethodcandynamicallycontroltheclockfrequency,includingthedynamicswitchingofhigh-speedandlow-speedclockfliprates,orstopoftheclockflip.

简介：Thispaperinvestigatestheinfluenceoflow-carbonpoliciesonchannelcoordinationforatwo-echelonsupplychainconsistingofonesupplierandoneretailer.Fourdifferentmodelsareconsidered:thebasicmodel,thecarbonemissionmodel,thecarbonemissiontradingmodelandthecarbontaxmodel.Wefindthatthegovernmentpolicyonallcarbonemissionmodelsisnotuniversalamongthefirmsaswellasthecustomers.Thecarbonemissiontradingpolicyisalwaysbetterthanthecarbonemissionpolicyandthecarbontaxpolicywhentheallocatedcarbonemissionquotasaregreaterthanthecarbonemissions.Thecarbonemissiontradingpolicyisprovedtobeaneffectivemechanismwhichcanmotivatethesupplychaintoreducecarbonemissions.Undercertainconditions,thesupplychainprefersthecarbonemissiontradingpolicywithhighercarbonpricetootherpolicies.IntheframeworkofStackelberggamewiththesupplierastheleader,foreachcarbonpolicy,thepaperpresentscoordinationmechanismwiththeall-unitwholesalequantitydiscountcontract(AWQD).Weanalyzeandcomparetheinfluenceoflow-carbonpoliciesonchannelcoordinationforthefourlow-carbonpolicies.Numericalexperimentsareconductedtoexamineourfindings.

简介：Basedontheanalysisontheglobalwarmingandenvironmentaldeterioration,low-carbonconcepthasreceivedmoreandmoreattentionfromgovernments,expertsandscholarsathomeandabroad.TheBritishgovernmentfirstputforwardtheconceptoflow-carboneconomy,andafterthattheJapanesegovernmentproposedtheconstructionoflow-carbonsociety.Inourcountry,expertsandscholarsbegantoresearchonlow-carboncityfrom2007.Thispaperlooksthroughthepracticalandtheoreticalstudiesonlow-carboncityconstructionofthedomesticexpertsandscholars.Thecurrentbackgroundoflowcarboncityconstructionisfirstintroduced.Toclarifyfundamentalconnotation,characteristicsandtargetofChina’slow-carboncityisveryimportant.Therefore,thispapersummarizestheresearchprogressofthelow-carboncityconstructionfromthenecessity,theconnotationandcharacteristicsoftarget.Then,weshouldpayattentiontochoosingtherightindex,combiningtheregioncharacteristicswiththecurrentdevelopmentmodelandevaluationindexessystem,toreflectandimprovecarbonemissions.Finally,thepapergivesanoverviewofsuggestionsbyexpertsandscholarsontheconstructionoflowcarboncity.

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简介：除了在1-slim，解决方案Ut(x)为所有起始的值在牛肉熏香肠空格与一个向量领域联系了的作者构造设置了并且获得向量领域与低整齐是未必围住的一个斜伴随的操作符和非线性的部分的和的1-quasi-sure流动性质，也就是单一的可辨性。而且，在答案导致的牛肉熏香肠空间的转变下面的能力的等价被获得。

简介：硅酸盐perovskites((Mg，Fe)SiO3和CaSiO3)被相信是在更低的披风的主要成分矿物质。阶段关系，稳固的答案，铁的旋转状态和与更低的披风perovskite有关的水溶解度具有地球的内部的地球动力学上并且在矿石矿化作用上的大效果。以前的研究显示大量铁结合了铝能合并到镁perovskite，但是这与disproportionation是不和的(Mg，Fe)SiO3perovskite进没有铁的MgSiO3perovskite和六角形的阶段(Mg0.6在地球的更低的披风的Fe0.4)SiO3。MnSiO3是证实强烈在MnSiO3愿望的更低的披风，和增加以磅条件与MgSiO3perovskite与CaSiO3perovskite和完全的稳固的答案形成宽范围固体答案的第一个化学部件影响在MgSiO3和CaSiO3之间的相互的溶解度。铁的旋转状态是深深地取决于Fe3+或Fe2+,的地点职业合成和样品的退火的条件。然而，看起来，在更低的披风perovskite的Fe2+的旋转状态能作为高纺纱被解决中间的纺纱的存在或在perovskite的Fe2+的低旋转状态没被澄清。而且，不同结果也在perovskite为Fe3+的旋转状态被报导了。更低的披风perovskite的水溶解度与它的作文被联系。在纯MgSiO3perovskite，不到500仅仅ppm水被报导。在更低的披风的Al-MgSiO3perovskite或Al-Fe-MgSiO3perovskite提供1100～1800ppm的水。进一步的实验是必要的为perovskite固体答案澄清详细条件，并且为深深地理解地球的内部和矿石矿化作用的地球动力学在不同的层比较不同阶段的水溶解度，到可靠地在共存分析铁的原子价和旋转状态忍受铁的阶段。

简介：Traditionaldigitalprocessingapproachesarebasedonsemiconductortransistors,whichsufferfromhighpowerconsumption,aggravatingwithtechnologynodescaling.Tosolvedefinitivelythisproblem,anumberofemergingnon-volatilenanodevicesareunderintenseinvestigations.Meanwhile,novelcomputingcircuitsareinventedtodigthefullpotentialofthenanodevices.Thecombinationofnon-volatilenanodeviceswithsuitablecomputingparadigmshavemanymeritscomparedwiththecomplementarymetal-oxide-semiconductortransistor(CMOS)technologybasedstructures,suchaszerostandbypower,ultra-highdensity,non-volatility,andacceptableaccessspeed.Inthispaper,weoverviewandcomparethecomputingparadigmsbasedontheemergingnanodevicestowardsultra-lowdissipation.

简介：Fournewlow-band-gapalternatingcopolymers(P-1,P-2,P-3andP-4)basedonelectron-richbenzodithiopheneandnewlydevelopedelectron-deficientunits,thienopyrazineordithiadiazatrindenederivatives,weresynthesizedbyStillepolycondensation.Allpolymersexhibitgoodsolubilityincommonorganicsolventsandabroadabsorptionbandinthevisibletonear-infraredregions.Thefilmopticalbandgapsofthepolymersareintherangeof1.28-2.07eVandthehighestoccupiedmolecularorbital(HOMO)energylevelsareintherangeof-4.99eVto-5.28eV.Bulkheterojunctionpolymersolarcells(PSCs)ofthepolymerswerefabricatedwithphenyl-C61-butyricacidmethylester(PC61BM)asacceptormaterial,andapowerconversionefficiencyof0.80%wasrealizedwithP-1asdonormaterial.

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简介：Themicrostructuralcharacteristicsandformabilityattheedgesoflowcarbonpickledsteelsheetshavebeeninvestigatedbasedonthegenerationofearingandcrackingdefectswhiledrawing.Themicrostructureoftheedgefeaturescoarsegrainsandmixedsizedgrains.Thestrengthofthesheetedgeisslightlylowerthanthatatthecenter.Besides,theformabilityisobviouslyworsened.Theplasticstrainratiosalongthelongitudinalandtransverseorientationsare0.31and0.6,respectively,withdistinctanisotropy.Theplasticstrainratioattheedgeisobviouslylowerthanthatatthemiddleofthesteelsheet.Theobservedmicrostructuralcharacteristicsandmechanicalpropertiesattheedgeofthesteelsheetcanbeattributedtothelowerrollingtemperatureinthetwo-phaseregionofpro-eutectoidferriteandaustenite.Thesedifferencesinmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesattheedgeofthesteelsheetleadtothegenerationofearingandcrackingdefectswhiledrawing.Themicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesattheedgeoflowcarbonpickledsteelsheetscanbeimprovedviatheoptimizationoftherollingprocessandtheadjustmentofchemicalcomposition.

简介：Withrapiddevelopmentcommunicationsystem,highsignaltonoiseratio(SNR)systemisrequired.Inhighfrequencybandwidth,highloss,lowQinductorsandhighnoisefigureisasignificantchallengewithon-chipmonolithicmicrowaveintegratedcircuits(MMICs).Toovercomethisproblem,highQ,lowlosstransmissionlinecharacteristicswasanalyzed.Comparedwiththesameinductorvalueofthelumpedcomponentandthetransmissionline,ithasahigherQvalueandlowerlossperformanceinhighfrequency,anda2-stagecommon-sourcelownoiseamplifier(LNA)waspresented,whichemployssourceinductorfeedbacktechnologyandhighQlowlosstransmissionlinematchingnetworktechniquewithover17.6dBsmallsignalgainand1.1dBnoisefigurein15GHz–18GHz.TheLNAwasfabricatedbyWINsemiconductorscompany0.15μmgalliumarsenide(GaAs)Phighelectronmobilitytransistor(P-HEMT)process.Thetotalcurrentis15mA,whiletheDCpowerconsumptionisonly45mW.

简介：Inthepresentwork,themicrostructure,texture,andmechanicalpropertiesofacold-rolledTi-IFsteel,afterannealingatdifferentheatingrates,havebeeninvestigated.Theresultsrevealthatthemeangrainsizeisgraduallyrefinedfrom19.2to16.3μmastheheatingrateincreasesfrom4to50℃/s,butrefinedonlyslightlyatheatingratesofover50℃/s.Therecrystallizationmicrostructurehasastrongtexture,whichisaresultofthesharpeningofthefavorable{111}//ND(normaldirection)texturecomponentsorγ-fiber.Withincreasingheatingrates,thepeakvalueoff(g)ofγ-fiberdecreasesfrom17to9.Theyieldandtensilestrengthsincreasegraduallyastheheatingrateincreasesfrom4to50℃/s,butremainalmostunchangedatheatingratesofmorethan50℃/s.Thetotalelongationanduniformelongationincreasegraduallyastheheatingrateincreasesfrom4to100℃/s,butdecreasesslowlyforheatingrateshigherthan100℃/s.Astheheatingrateincreasesfrom4to100℃/s,theplasticstrainratioofthesteeldecreasesfrom2.8to2.2;however,itincreasesto2.9forheatingratesabove100℃/s.Thestrainhardeningexponentremainsunchangedat0.27inallannealingcycles.

简介：Theprocessofionheatingbyamonochromaticobliquelypropagatinglow-frequencyAlfvenwaveisinvestigated.Thisprocesscanberoughlydividedintothreestages:atfirst,theionsarepickedupbytheAlfvenwaveinseveralgyro-periodsandabulkvelocityinthetransversedirectionisachieved;then,theionsarescatteredinthetransversedirectionbythewave,whichproducesphasedifferencesbetweentheionsandleadstoionheating,especiallyintheperpendiculardirection;andfinally,theionsarestochasticallyheatedduetothesubcyclotronresonance.Inthispaper,withatestparticlemethod,theefficiencyandtimescaleoftheionstochasticheatingbyamonochromaticobliquelypropagatinglow-frequencyAlfvenwavearestudied.Theresultsshowthatwiththeincreaseoftheamplitude,frequency,andpropagationangleoftheAlfvenwave,theefficiencyoftheionstochasticheatingincreases,whilethetimescaleoftheionstochasticheatingdecreases.Withtheincreaseoftheplasmabetaβ,theionsarestochasticallyheatedwithlessefficiency,andthetimescaleincreases.Wealsoinvestigatetheheatingofheavyionspecies(He2+andO5+),whichcanbeheatedwithahigherefficiencybytheobliqueAlfvenwave.

简介：Developmentofalow-carboneconomyandreductionofcarbonemissionsisthetrendoffutureglobalsocio-economicchange,andtheonlywaytomitigateclimatechangeundertheframeworkofsustainabledevelopment.Basedontheconceptofalow-carboneconomy,theauthorattemptstofindawayforunderdevelopedregions,whichcansatisfytheirowndevelopmentwithoutincreasingthepressureonthelocalenvironment.TakingGuizhouSuiyangasanexample,thesolarpowerdesignedinthelandapplicationprovidesalow-carboncasestudyofunderdevelopedareastosolvetheissueofpowersupply.

简介：Injurytoaxonsclosetotheneuronalbodiesinthemammaliancentralnervoussystemcausesalargeproportionofparentingneuronstodegenerate.Itisknownthatopticnervetransectionclosetotheeyeinrodentsleadstoalossofabouthalfofretinalganglioncellsin1weekandabout90%in2weeks.Usinglowlevellasertreatmentinthepresentstudy,wedemonstratedthattreatmentwithhelium-neon(660nm)laserwith15mWpowercoulddelayretinalganglioncelldeathafteropticnerveaxotomyinadulthamsters.Theeffectwasmostapparentinthefirstweekwithashortperiodoftreatmenttime(5minutes)inwhich65–66%ofretinalganglioncellssurvivedtheopticnerveaxotomywhereas45–47%ofretinalganglioncellsdidsoinopticnerveaxotomycontrols.Wealsofoundthatsingledoseandearlycommencementoflaserirradiationwereimportantinprotectingretinalganglioncellsfollowingopticnerveaxotomy.Thesefindingsthusconvincinglyshowthatappropriatelasertreatmentmaybeneuroprotectivetoretinalganglioncells.更多还原