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简介：AbstractVisualization and access. Historically, these have been the two major factors that have limited advancement in the field of Otolaryngology. No other surgical specialty deals with anatomical challenges quite like those presented by the structures of the head and neck. Otolaryngology is a field of dark cavities, complex and miniscule structures, and awkward angles. The aim of this article is to briefly explore how Otolaryngologists have historically met these challenges, with a specific focus on technological advancements in illumination, visualization, and access. From mirrors reflecting candlelight to fiberoptic illuminated scopes, from bamboo nasal speculums to Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), tracing the historical arc of these technologies highlights the innovative spirit that has come to define the field of Otolaryngology.

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简介：摘要：自改革开放以来，中外文化交流日益频繁，人们逐渐意识到语言作为文化交流的主要工具，基于此时代背景下，语言教育成为时代发展的必然要求，突出表现为英语作为我国学校的必考科目。英汉双语比较教学法往往比单语教学更有效率，同时双语教学也代表着教育者的教学能力与教学水平。本文以双语light up science版本为例，提出英汉双语比较教学法在小学英语教学中的应用策略，希望供以参考。

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