简介：DuringthedevelopingphaseofcentralPacificElNio(CPEN),morefrequentTCgenesisoverthenorthwestquadrantofthewesternNorthPacific(WNP)isattributedtothehorizontalshiftofenvironmentalvorticityfield.SuchanorthwestwardshiftresemblestheLaNiacomposite,eventhoughfactorsthatcausetheshiftdiffer(intheLaNiacasetherelativehumidityeffectiscrucial).GreaterreductionofTCfrequencyoverWNPhappenedduringthedecayingphaseofeasternPacificElNio(EPEN)thanCPEN,duetothedifferenceoftheanomalousPhilippineSeaanticyclonestrength.TheTCgenesisexhibitsanupward(downward)trendoverthenorthern(southern)partoftheWNP,whichislinkedtoSSTandassociatedcirculationchangesthroughlocalandremoteeffects.

简介：Inthisstudyacoupledair-sea-wavemodelsystem,containingthemodelcomponentsofGRAPES-TCM,ECOM-siandWAVEWATCHIII,isestablishedbasedonanair-seacoupledmodel.Thechangesofwavestateandtheeffectsofseasprayarebothconsidered.Usingthecomplexair-sea-wavemodel,asetofidealizedsimulationswasappliedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofair-sea-waveinteractionintheupperocean.Resultsshowthatair-wavecouplingcanstrengthentropicalcycloneswhileair-seacouplingcanweakenthem;andair-sea-wavecouplingiscomparabletothatofair-seacoupling,astheintensityisalmostunchangedwiththewavemodelcoupledtotheair-seacoupledmodel.Themixingbyverticaladvectionisstrengthenedifthewaveeffectisconsidered,andcausesmuchmoreobviousseasurfacetemperature(SST)decreasesintheupperoceanintheair-seacoupledmodel.Air-wavecouplingstrengthenstheair-seaheatexchange,whilethethermodynamiccouplingbetweentheatmosphereandoceanweakenstheair-seaheatexchange:theair-sea-wavecouplingistheresultoftheirbalance.Thewavefielddistributioncharacteristicisdeterminedbythewindfield.Experimentsarealsoconductedtosimulateoceanresponsestodifferentmixedlayerdepths.Withincreasingdepthoftheinitialmixedlayer,thedecreaseofSSTweakens,butthetemperaturedecreaseofdeeperlayersisenhancedandthelossofheatintheupperoceanisincreased.Thesignificantwaveheightislargerwhentheinitialmixedlayerdepthincreases.

简介：Basedonthedata(includingradiusofmaximumwinds)fromtheJTWC(JointTyphoonWarningCenter),thetropicalcyclones(TCs)radiioftheoutermostclosedisobar,TCsbesttracksfromShanghaiTyphoonInstituteandtheBlackBodyTemperature(TBB)oftheJapanesegeostationarymeteorologicalsatelliteM1TRIR1,andcombining13tropicalcycloneswhichlandedinChinaagainaftervisitingtheislandofTaiwanduringtheperiodfrom2001to2010,weanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenthenumberofconvectivecoreswithinTCcirculationandtheintensityofTCwiththemethodofconvective-stratiformtechnique(CST)andstatisticalandcompositeanalysis.Theresultsareshownasfollows:(1)ThenumberofconvectivecoresintheentireTCcirculationiswellcorrespondingwiththeouterspiralrainbandsandthedensityofconvectivecoresintheinnercoreareaincreases(decreases)generallywithincreasing(decreasing)TCintensity.Atthesametime,thenumberofconvectivecoreswithintheouterspiralrainbandsismorethanthatwithintheinnercoreanddoesnotchangemuchwiththeTCintensity.However,thedensityofconvectivecoreswithintheouterspiralrainbandsislowerthanthatwithintheinnercore.(2)TherelationshipdescribedaboveissensitivetolandinglocationtosomeextentbutnotsensitivetothestructureofTC.(3)TheaveragevalueofTBBintheinnercoreareaincreases(decreases)generallywithincreasing(decreasing)ofTCintensity,whichisalsosensitivetolandingsituationtosomeextent.Atthesametime,theaveragevalueofTBBwithintheouterspiralrainbandsisclosetothatwithintheentireTCcirculation,andbothofthemaremorethanthatwithintheinnercore.However,theydonotreflectTCintensitychangesignificantly.(4)TheresultsofstatisticalcompositebasedonconvectivecoresandTBBarecomplementarywitheachother,soacombinationofbothcanreflecttherelationshipbetweenTCrainbandsandTCintensitymuchbetter.

简介：热带气旋(TC)的可能的变化未来上的轨道和他们的影响在西方的诺思太平洋(WNP)上的TC的盆宽的紧张基于从CMIP5(联合模型Intercomparison工程阶段5)的一种选择导出的投射大规模环境被检验模型。特定的注意对气候在在WNP上为TC开发模仿大规模环境建模的CMIP5的表演被给予。包括为模仿TC磁道和紧张的单个模型的一个downscaling系统被用来选择CMIP5模型并且以后模仿TC活动。