简介:Intwopreviouspaperspublishedintheprecedingvolumesofthisjournal,differentaspectsoftheuseofforeigncourtsbyGreekcitiesintheHellenisticPeriodhavebeenstudied.InJAC7,anattemptwasmadetosettheroleofforeigncourtsagainstthewiderbackgroundofthedevelopmentofpoliticalinstitutionsandpracticesinthecourseoftheHellenisticperiod.InJAC8theuseofforeignjudgesbySeleucidsubjectcitieswasreconsideredinthelightoftherevisionofanimportantinscriptionfromPriene.Inthisthirdpaper,theevolutionoftheuseofforeigncourtsbyGreekcitiesinthecourseofthethirdcenturywillbeconsideredinformaltermsthroughtheanalysisofanotableseriesofinscriptionsfromtheislandofKalymnaintheDodecannesegroup,locatedoffthesouth-westcoastofAsiaMinor.InhisCorpusofinscriptionsfromKalymna(TC),M.Segrecollected,inadditiontotherecordofaKnidianarbitrationbetweenKalymnaanditsKoanprivatecreditors(TC79),fiveinscr
简介:1.IntroductionIntheinscriptionsofE-ana-tum,rulerofLagas,listinghisvictoriesovervariouscities,thereisafour-linelongpassagethatdescribesE-ana-tum’sdefeatoverthecitycalledArawa:2(1)su-nirURU×Aki-ka,ensi2-be23,saη-bamu-DU,aga3-kar2!(SE3)4be2-seg10Thetranslationsofthisgrammaticallydifficultpassagevarygreatly;thereseemstobenoagreementeitheraboutitsexactmeaningoraboutitsgrammaticalanalysis.
简介:TheactivitiesofDemetriusPoliorcetes('TheBesiegerofCities')duringtheyears310to308B.C.receivescantattentionfromtheclassicalsources.1AsfarasDiodorusSiculusandPlutarch,ourchiefauthorities,areconcerned,DemetriusislastseenconductingalightningraidonBabylonin311,andappearsnextascommanderoftheAntigonidexpeditiontoGreeceinmid-307.2However,flagrantlacunaeinthehistoricalnarrativecannotbeusedasevidencetoarguethattherewasnothingofimportanceto...
简介:InJAC19,IinvestigatedListsofMonthlyBarley-WheatDistributionsandAllowances(se-garziz-garsa-dug4itid-da),withregardtothetypesandamountoffodderprovidedtodonkeysfromtheruleofEnentarzitotheendyearsofUrukagina.Inthispaper,IfoundthatfromUrukaginaYear5,ii(2ndmonth),thedailyfodderfordonkeys,andthenumberoftypesofdonkeys,weregreatlyreduced.EconomicdeclineoccurredinthereignofUrukagina,kingofLagash,fromthefifthyearon,possiblyasaresultofpoliticaldecline.ThefactthatthearchiveoftheHouseofTheLadyendsinUrukagina'sseventhyearmayimplythatitisinthisyearthatLugalzaggesi,kingofUmma,capturedLagashandGirsu.
简介:Heimpel(BSAⅦ,115-160)andSteinkeller(BSAⅧ,1995,49-70)bothdiscussthesheepandgoatterminologyinUrⅢtextsandwearegratefultothemforgivingusaclearerpictureofsmallcattleinAncientMesopotamia.However,astou8-sila4-nú(ná)/nu-aSteinkeller(p.55,4.2)andHeimpeldifferinopinion:"Rejectingthelong-acceptedinterpretationofnú/nu-asila4/másas"pregnant(with)alamb/kid",Heimpelnowproposesthetranslation"infertile",takingnú/nu-atomean"without".Inmyview,thisinterpretationisextremelyunlikely,primarilybecausethisdescriptionisverycommonatDrehem.……Iftheformerexpressionweretomean"infertile",wewouldbeforcedtoconcludethat,atDrehem,infertileanimalswereregularlyidentified(bywhatmeansandforwhatpurpose?),whereaspregnantoneswerenot.…AsHeimpel'sobjectionthatitisdifficulttothinkofanyrationalefor"slaughtering"pregnantanimals,itshouldbepointedputthat,atDrehem,thetermba-úsmeansnotonly"slaughtered",buta