简介：Inthispaperweinvestigatedhowtherunningspeedwouldaffectthedynamicsofbodypitching,andwhetherbodyinertiaisimportantforanimals.Passivetrottingofspring-massmodelandpassiveboundingofspring-beammodelwerestudiedatdifferentspeedsfordifferentsetsofbodyparametersrespectively.Furthermore,differentbodyinertiaswereusedinbounding.Wefoundthatrunningspeedexertseffectonlegperformancebymeansofcentrifugalforce.Thecentrifugalforcecanbeunderstoodasanenhancementtothenaturalfrequencyofthespring-masssystem.Thedisadvantageofbodypitchingmaybeoffsetbythegreatincreaseincentrifugalforceathighspeed.Theresultsalsorevealthatbodymassdistributionmightnotbethemainreasonforthedifferenceinmaximalrunningspeedsofdifferentanimals.

简介：随着世界环境的变化以及科学技术的发展,地球上的生物资源不断地减少甚至消失,世界各国认为生物中有着大量未开发的遗传资源,对于提高目生物的品质有着而不可代替的作用,纷纷将目标定在生物遗传资源上.为了实现生态发展和可持续发展的要求,发达国家以其自身的科技优势,对世界上其他国家的生物遗传资源进行抢夺.本文从保护生物遗传资源的必要性出发,接着阐述了遗传资源在保护利用以及惠益分享中的原则和制度.

简介：Thewheatmidge,Sitodiplosismosellana,isaseriouspestofwheatworldwide.InNorthAmerica,managementofS.mosellanainspringwheatreliesonthetimelyapplicationofpesticides,basedonmidgeadultslevelscaughtinpheromonetrapsorseenviafieldscoutingduringwheatheading.Inthiscontext,biopesticidescanbeaneffectivealternativetopesticidesforcontrollingS.mosellanawithinanIntegratedPestManagementprogram.AfieldstudyusinginsectpathogenicfungusBeauveriabassianaGHA,nematodeSteinernemaJeltiaewithBarricadepolymergel1%,pyrethrin,combinedformulationsofB.bassianaGHAandpyrethrin,Jasmonicacid(JA)andchlorpyrifos(chemicalcheck)wasperformedtodeterminetowhichextenttheyaffectmidgelarvalpopulations,kerneldamagelevels,grainyield,andquality,andtheimpactsonadultparasitoidMacroglenespenetranspopulations.TheresultsindicatedthatbiopesticidesJAandS.Jeltiaewerethemosteffectiveinreducinglarvalpopulationsandkerneldamagelevels,andproducedahigherspringwheatyieldwhencomparedtothewatercontrolatbothstudylocations(EastValierandNorthValier,Montana,USA).IncreasedtestweightinwheathadbeenrecordedwithtwopreviousbiopesticidesatEastValierbutnotforNorthValier,whencomparedoverwatercontrol.Theseresultswerecomparableinefficacytothechlorpyrifos.ThisstudyalsosuggestedthatB.bassianaandpyrethrinmayworksynergistically,asexemplifiedbylowertotallarvalpopulationsandkerneldamagelevelswhenappliedtogether.ThisstudydidnotdemonstratetheeffectofanytreatmentsonM.penetranspopulations.

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