简介：Floodingandanaerobicstressisoneofthestressfactorsaffectingmangroves.Mangrovespecies,differingconsiderablyintheirsusceptibilitytothestress,aredistributedindifferenttidalelevationzones.Growinginregularseawaterdippingandanoxicmud,mangroveshavedevelopedasetofadaptationmechanismsoffloodingandanaerobicstress.Thispaperemphaticallyreviewedfourphysiologicalresponsesofmangrovestofloodingandanaerobicstress,i.e.nutritionallocation,photosynthesisandrespiration,carbonandnitrogenmetabolismandantioxidantmechanism.Finally,itwasproposedthatstudiesshouldbefurtherfocusedonthepathofrootsmetabolism,non-structurecarbohydratesandsecondarymetabolismofthemangrovesunderfloodingandanaerobiccondition.

简介：Rice(OryzasativaL.)isanimportantfoodcropandrequireslargeramountofwaterthroughoutitslifecycleascomparedtoothercrops.Hence,waterrelatedstresscauseseverethreattoriceproduction.Droughtisamajorchallengelimitingriceproduction.Itaffectsriceatmorphological(reducedgermination,plantheight,plantbiomass,numberoftillers,variousrootandleaftraits),physiological(reducedphotosynthesis,transpiration,stomatalconductance,wateruseefficiency,relativewatercontent,chlorophyllcontent,photosystemⅡactivity,membranestability,carbonisotopediscriminationandabscisicacidcontent),biochemical(accumulationofosmoprotectantlikeproline,sugars,polyaminesandantioxidants)andmolecular(alteredexpressionofgeneswhichencodetranscriptionfactorsanddefencerelatedproteins)levelsandtherebyaffectsitsyield.Tofacilitatetheselectionordevelopmentofdroughttolerantricevarieties,athoroughunderstandingofthevariousmechanismsthatgoverntheyieldofriceunderwaterstressconditionisaprerequisite.Thus,thisreviewisfocusedmainlyonrecentinformationabouttheeffectsofdroughtonrice,riceresponsesaswellasadaptationmechanismstodroughtstress.

简介：recombinant的一张人口生来的线(RIL，F2:9)，源于在IR26之间的一个十字(Oryzasativasubsp。indica)并且Jiucaiqing(Oryzasativasubsp。装饰用的梨树)，被用来在100mmol/LNaCl下面识别米饭的种子萌芽能力10天。六个萌芽特点包括吸收率，萌芽率，萌芽索引，根长度，射击长度和活力索引被调查。混合主要基因和多基因继承模型被使用为萌芽能力进行基因分析。重要差别在米饭，和早萌芽阶段(05天)在RIL之中在盐应力下面所有萌芽特点地被检测可能是盐敏感舞台。在盐下面的萌芽特点的频率分布在RIL强调人口显示出连续分离，建议他们是几基因控制的量的特点。在盐应力下面的萌芽特点被二或三主要基因加多基因调整，并且主要与高可遗传性价值由主要基因统治了，为全部的phenotypic变化的12.5%99.0%的财务。每个特点被特定的基因模型控制：吸收率被基因，萌芽索引和活力加多基因由二主要基因或二主要基因加多基因，和根长度由三主要基因加多基因，萌芽率和射击长度由二主要基因索引的二个学生控制。

简介：F9recombinant生来的线(RIL)人口，源于在IR28之间的一个十字(OryzasativaL。spp。indica)并且Daguandao(O。sativaL。spp。装饰用的梨树)，被用来构造一张分子的连接地图并且为23d在14°C包括吸收率，萌芽率，萌芽索引，根长度，射击长度和种子活力的特点识别萌芽能力。印射途径的合成间隔被使用为萌芽能力进行基因分析。在寒冷下面的萌芽能力特点的频率分布在RIL强调人口显示出连续分离，建议他们是几基因控制的量的特点。七QTL的一个总数在染色体上被识别4，6和9，为吸收率包括二(qIR-6，qIR-9)，为萌芽率(qGR-4)的，二为萌芽索引(qGI-4-1，qGI-4-2)并且二为根长度(qRL-4-1，qRL-4-2)。没有控制射击长度和种子活力的检测QTL。单个QTL解释的phenotypic变化从9.1%～37.0%，和二主要QTL，qIR-6和qGI-4-2，占了超过30%phenotypic变化。QTL的表情是精神上发展调整并且生长阶段特定。大多数这里观察的QTL为冷忍耐以前报导了的米饭位于类似于QTL的区域，显示这些QTL是可靠的。然而，qRL-4-2以前没被报导。

简介：种子背景率，收益部件和从异国情调的米饭germplasm的169就职的谷物质量特点从40在高温度下面被测试吗？

简介：Soilsalinityisoneofthemostimportantproblemsofcropproductioninestuarineandcoastalzones.Improvementinsalttoleranceofmajorfoodcropsisanimportantwayfortheeconomicutilizationofcoastalzones.Thisstudyprovedthattheapplicationofsalicylicacid(SA)improvedthegrowthandyieldundersaltstressconditionsandinvestigateditsphysiologicalmechanismsforsalttolerance.TheinvestigationontheeffectofSAforsalttoleranceduringgerminationshowedthatthedecreasedratesofgerminationandgrowth(intermsofshootandrootlengths)bythesaltstressweresignificantlyincreasedbytheSAapplication(SA+NaCl).ThetreatmentofSAtothehighandlowsalinesoilsenhancedthegrowth,yieldandnutrientvaluesofrice.TheeffectsofSAonNa+,K+andCl–ionicaccumulationweretracedundersaltstressconditionbyinductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrometryandionchromatography.ItwasrevealedthattheincreasedaccumulationofNa+andClˉionsbythesaltstresswerereducedbySAapplication.AnincreasedconcentrationofendogenousSAlevelwasdetectedfromtheSA-treatedricevarieties(ASD16andBR26)byliquidchromatographyelectrosprayIonization-tandemmassspectrometry.Theactivitiesofantioxidantenzymessuchassuperoxidedismutase,catalaseandperoxidasewereincreasedbysaltstresswhereasdecreasedbytheSAapplication.ThestudyprovedthattheapplicationofSAcouldalleviatetheadverseeffectsofsaltstressbytheregulationofphysiologicalmechanisminriceplants.Inspiteofsaltstress,itcanbeappliedtothecoastalandestuarineregionstoincreasethericeproduction.

简介：砷(作为)，由于自然以及人为的过程在土壤环境释放的潜在地有毒的非金属，被庄稼植物随后收起。在米饭谷物，作为在亚洲，北美洲和欧洲被报导了，建议未来威胁到食物安全和庄稼生产。作为凭它的可获得性，活动性和植物毒性的3+，是最有害的种类至于米饭庄稼。特定的transporters调停不同种类的运输作为从根到未葬植物身体的部分。累积作为在植物导致有毒的反应，影响它的生长和生产率。的增加当举起导致抗氧化剂的氧化应力和生产抵抗这，强调。对容忍的栽培变种因为应力在与敏感的相比的抗氧化剂新陈代谢是有效的。铁和硒被发现在引起由的氧化压力上有改善效果作为。微生物，甚至许多土生土长的，在植物，根围也能够作为在他们的新陈代谢利用，独立地并且在里面协会。一些这些微生物在在成年的植物给予忍耐到当压力是污染了地点。

简介：Droughtisthemajorabioticstressfactorthatlimitsriceproductionworldwide.Toevaluatetheosmoticstressresponsesinricevarietiesunderdroughtcondition,atotalof42high-yieldingricevarietieswerecollectedfromvariousresearchstationsofKeralaAgriculturalUniversityinIndia.Theexperimentalsetupcomprisesofinitialhydroponictreatmentsatdifferentosmoticpotentials,artificiallyinducedbydesiredstrengthsofpolyethyleneglycol(PEG6000),andfollowedbythepotplantedexperimentsintherain-out-zone.Theactivitiesofantioxidantenzymes,relativewatercontent,cellmembranestability,photosyntheticpigments,prolinecontent,alongwithplantgrowthparametersofthevarietiesunderdroughtconditionwereevaluated.Moreover,thestandardscoresofthesericevarietieswereassessedunderstressandrecoveryconditionsbasedonthescoringscaleoftheStandardEvaluationSystemforrice.Amongthe42ricevarieties,weidentified2ricevarieties,SwarnaprabhaandKattamodan,withlessleafrolling,betterdroughtrecoveryabilityaswellasrelativewatercontent,increasedmembranestabilityindex,osmolyteaccumulation,andantioxidantenzymeactivitiespointedtowardstheirdegreeoftolerancetodroughtstress.Thepositiveadaptiveresponsesofthesericevarietiestowardsdroughtstresscanbeusedinthegeneticimprovementofricedroughtresistancebreedingprogram.

简介：二indica米饭(OryzasativaL.)材料，XieqingzaoB(对热应力敏感)并且082(对热应力容忍)，被用来从热应力在稻秧的保护学习brassinolide(BR)的角色。幼苗受到高温(38degC/30degC)并且与0.005喷洒了BR的mg/L。分析在叶绿素，蛋白质和malondialdehyde(MDA)的内容上被进行，电解质，过氧化物酶(邮政部门)的活动和超级氧化物dismutase(草皮)和他们的isozymes表示的漏在叶子铺平。在高温处理下面，BR的申请显著地增加了叶绿素和蛋白质的内容，和邮政部门和草皮的活动，并且在热敏感的材料XieqingzaoB的叶子减少了MDA和电解质的漏的内容，而BR热容忍的材料在那些上有更少的效果082相对。BR处理在两材料的叶子提高了邮政部门isozymes的表示。在高温压力和BR处理下面，在082减少的四草皮isozymes的表示，而是二草皮isozymes的表示在XieqingzaoB增加了。这建议BR由在叶子提高这些活动或防御性酶的表示水平从热应力在稻秧的保护起一个重要作用。有各种各样的热忍耐的材料可能在反应的机制不同用BR申请加热应力。

简介：Theobjectiveofthisworkwastoevaluatetheeffectofdifferentwaterdeficiencyandrehydrationlevelsontheconcentrationsofosmoregulatorsintwoplantspecies(HymenaeacourbarilandH.Stigonocarpa)intheAmazon.Weadopteda29595factorialsystem,referringto2species(H.courbarilandH.stigonocarpa)and5stagesofhydrationandrehydration.Thefivehydrationandrehydrationstageswereestablishedin:(1)ControltreatmentE0;(2)Plantswith13daysofstressafterincubation—E13;(3)Plantswith26daysofstressE26;(4)Theplantsthatwereestablishedafter26daysafterincubationandrehydratedfortwodays(RD2);(5)rehydratedfortwodays(RD4).Theplantsthatwereestablishedafter26daysafterincubationandrehydratedforfourdays.Theexperimenttotaledfiftyyoungplantswithfivereplicates.Biochemicalmeasurementswereperformedatthebeginningoftheexperiment(E0)at13(E13)and26(E26)daysafterthewaterstress,inwhichtheplantswererehydrated,repeatingtheanalysesaftertwo(RD2)andfour(RD4)days.Bothspeciesincreasedthesucroseconcentrationby18%,withadecreaseof52%instarchcontent.TheRD4timepresentedthehighestmeanstarchconcentration(0.19mmolg-1oftheresidueforH.courbariland0.27mmolg-1ofresidueforH.stigonocarpa).IncreasedprolineconcentrationswererecordedforcontrolsuntilRD2forbothspecies.Forglycinebetaine,thehighestincreasesintreatmentsE26andRD2wereobservedfortheH.courbarilspecies.Ourrehydrationperiodwasnotsufficientfortotalrecoveryofpre-stressconcentrationsofallstudiedsolutes.

简介：植物calcineurin象B一样(CBL)蛋白质作为重要Ca2+传感器被建议了并且明确地在植物特定的钙发信号与交往CBL蛋白质kinases(CIPK)交往。这里，我们基于米饭CIPK基因家庭的预言的序列在装饰用的梨树米饭变化Nipponbare识别了并且孤立15CIPK基因。基因结构分析证明这15基因被划分成intron少些并且intron富有的组，和OsCIPK3和OsCIPK24展出了在他们的成熟过程的其他的拼接。种系发生的分析显示米饭CIPK与Arabidopsis和白杨CIPK分享了一位祖先。基因表示的分析证明这些OsCIPK基因是象细菌的老家那样的关於生命的压力和不能生活的压力(象Hg2+，高咸度，寒冷和骆驼毛的织物那样的重金属)导致的差别。有趣地，五OsCIPK基因，OsCIPK1，2，10，11和12，而，在细菌的老家感染以后是transcriptionally起来调整的四OsCIPK基因，OsCIPK2，10，11和14，被所有处理导致，显示OsCIPK基因的那一些在植物涉及多重压力反应小径。我们发现建议CIPK在关於生命、不能生活的压力回答起一个关键作用。

简介：Threetreatmentsconsistingof0%,15%,and30%seawaterwereinvestigatedtoanalysetheecotypicvariabilitiesamongfivepopulationsofJerusalemartichoke(Helianthustuberosus)regardingtheirresponsestoseawaterstressunderahydroponicculturesystem.Analysesweredone2,4,and6daysaftertreatments.The15%and30%seawatertreatmentsreducedthegrowthratesofrootsandshootsofH.tuberosuspopulations.Theactivitiesofsuperoxidedismutase,peroxidase,andcatalasemajoredintheleaveswerestimulatedundertheseawaterstress.Theelectrolyteleakageandmalondialdehydecontentsoftheleaveswerealsostimulatedowingtoseawaterstress.Thecontentsofprolineandsoluble-sugarsintheleavesincreasedsignificantlywithincreasingseawaterconcentrations.TheconcentrationsofNa+,K+,andCl-intheaerialpartsandrootsincreasedwithanincreaseintheseawaterconcentrationthroughouttheexperimentalperiod.TherewereecotypicdifferencesamongthefivepopulationsofH.tuberosusasevidencedbytheanalysesoftheaboveitemsinbothaerialpartsandrootsunderseawatertreatment.Themagnitudeoftheecotypicvariancecomponentsindicatedthatasubstantialproportionofthetotalvariationforthesephysiologicalandbiochemicalresponseswereowingtoecotype,indicatingthepossibilityofimprovementthroughhybridizationandselection.

简介：Visualclassificationandstresswavenon-destructivetestingtechnologywereadoptedtoevaluatethedecaystatusofancientPopuluswoodmembers(rafters)replacedfromthePotalaPalace.Thedecaystatusofwoodmemberswasevaluatedbystresswavetestingandvisualobservation.Formostoftheancientwoodmembers,theevaluationresultsbytwomethodswereconsistentwitheachother.Alsostresswavetestingtechniquescanfindtheinternalwoodmemberdecaytoeliminatethehiddenhazardforancientwoodmembers,andofferrelativelyaccuratequantitativeinformationforthesafetystatusofancientwoodmembers.Thusduringthemaintainingforancientarchitectures,visualobservationcombinedwithstresswavetestingtechniquesisagoodwaytoevaluatethedegradationofancientwoodmembers.

简介：一个水耕法的文化实验被做在谷胱甘肽内容(GSH)和谷胱甘肽S-transferase上调查Cd应力的效果(GST，EC2.5.1.18)在稻秧的活动。当在答案的Cd水平比10mg/L高时，米饭生长严重地被禁止。在米饭射击，，GSH内容和GST活动在根与增加的Cd水平增加了，GST被Cd处理显然禁止。与射击相比，米饭根有更高的GSH内容和GST活动，显示Cd解毒的能力在比在射击的根是高得多的。在Cd水平和GSH内容或GST活动之间有重要关联，建议两个参数可以被用作在米饭的Cd应力的简历标记。

简介：

简介：LarixolgensisA.Henry(Changbailarch)isaproductivecommercialspeciesandgoodcandidateforafforestationinnortheastChina.Itiswidelyplantedinlead-stressedsoilswhichcaninduceoxidativedamageinthisplant.Increasingtolerancetolead(Pb)stressisthereforeofkeeninterest.Agreenhouseexperimentwasconductedtoidentifythebiomass,physiologicalresponsesandPbaccumulationofL.olgensisseedlingstoPbstressundersuccinicacid(SA)applicationandtoexploretheinteractionofexogenousSAapplicationsandstressresistance.L.olgensisseedlingswereplantedinPb-stressedorunstressedhapliccambisolsinpots.InPb-contaminatedsoilstheseedlingsweretreateddailywithconcentrationsofSAsolutionsatarateapproximatelyequivalentto0,0.04,0.2,1.0,or2.0mmolkg-1ofsoilfor10,20,and30days,respectively.Pbtreatmentinduceddamageintheseedlingsandledtotheinhibitionofbiomassaccumulationinroots,stemsandleaves,andariseinPbaccumulationinfinerootsandleaves.Malondialdehyde(MDA)contentandelectrolyteleakageinleavessignificantlyincreasedwhileperoxidase(POD)activities,solubleproteinandphotosyntheticpigmentcontentsinleaveswereallreduced.PhysiologicaltoxicitywaspromotedwithincreasingPbtreatmenttimes.WhenPb-stressedseedlingswereexposedtoSA(especially10.0mmolL-1over20days),thephysiologicalresponsesforPb-onlywerereversedandthebiomassofroots,stems,andleavesdramaticallyincreased.SAfacilitatedPbuptakeinfinerootsandleavesbutmorePbaccumulatedinfineroots.TheresultsdemonstratethatexogenousSAalleviatesPb-inducedoxidativeinjuriesandimprovesthetoleranceofL.olgensisseedlingstoPbstress.

简介：我们在单轴的弯曲负担下面在Ｔ形榫眼和松开的雄榫(M<)家具关节在应力和紧张分布上学习了松开的雄榫尺寸的效果，并且决定了松开的雄榫长度的效果(30，45，60，并且90公里)并且把M<关节的时刻能力弄弯上的松开的雄榫厚度(6和8公里)与聚乙烯化合物的醋酸盐(PVAc)构造了粘合剂。在联合元素的压力和紧张分布然后为每个联合使用ANSYS有限元素(FE)被估计软件。关节的弯曲时刻能力与雄榫的厚度和长度显著地增加了。基于FE分析结果，在单轴的弯曲下面，最高砍压力价值在雄榫的中间的部分被获得，当时最高砍有弹性的紧张价值在在雄榫表面和榫眼的墙之间的胶水线被估计。砍强调在联合元素的有弹性的紧张价值通常与雄榫尺寸和相应弯曲时刻能力增加了并且砍。在预言的最大值之间有一致性砍关节的压力价值和失败模式。

简介：Membersoftheactivityofbc1complex(ABC1)familyareproteinkinasesthatarewidelyfoundinprokaryotesandeukaryotes.PreviousstudiesshowedthatseveralplantABC1genesparticipatedintheabioticstressresponse.Here,wepresentthesystematicidentificationofriceandArabidopsisABC1genesandtheexpressionanalysisofriceABC1genes.Atotalof15and17ABC1genesfromthericeandArabidopsisgenomes,respectively,wereidentifiedusingabioinformaticsapproach.Phylogeneticanalyseso...

简介：三个米饭变化，Zhonghan3，Shanyou63和Aizizhan，当在检测微分活跃甲基的材料骑车并且响应干旱应力转移相关基因表示，被使用。实验被在干旱的条件下面的微分显示器技术与10%PEG6000答案模仿了的基因薄片和mRNA执行。结果显示甲基周期能在Zhonghan3和Shanyou63的叶子被激活，但是在干旱应力下面在Aizizhan的叶子禁止了。而且，干旱应力能导致很多methyltransferase基因的表示，特别Rubisco蛋白质methylation的抄写联系了基因，它是有益的因为Rubisco蛋白质氧化和降级的预防，和干旱应力能禁止DNAmethyltransferase基因和histonemethyltransferase基因的抄写。这结果证实活跃甲基骑车并且转移相关基因涉及米饭干旱抵抗。

简介：一个实验被进行用荧光灯的微分显示器(软式磁碟机)方法在干旱应激和正常条件下面在米饭叶子和根比较信使rna表达式差别。一积极碎片被H.A的联合孤立黄页(contained0.1%H.A。黄)分离和宏数组屏蔽方法。比作ArabidopsisthalianaNADPH氧化还原酶基因，它有96%身份。cDNA是1423bp，并且包含了与345氨基酸残余编码蛋白质的1048bp的一个完全的开的读物框架。而且，基因表示水平在正常条件下面比那在干旱应激下面是更高的。在干旱反应下面的NADPH氧化还原酶基因的可能的角色也被讨论。