简介:AIM:Toinvestigateenoughvalidmeasurements(VMs)toassessliverfibrosisinchronichepatitisBpatients(CHB).METHODS:OnehundredandtwelveCHBpatients(25women,87men)withameanageof38.43yearsreceivedliverstiffnessevaluationsusingreal-timeshearwaveelastographyfor10VMs.Allpatientsunderwentliverbiopsy.Basedonthebiopsypathology,theliverstiffnessdataobtainedfromdifferentVMs(1,2,3,5and10times)werecomparedfortheevaluationofliverfibrosis.ThecorrelationbetweentheelasticmodulusmeansoftheliverobtainedfromdifferentVMsofdetectionateachpathologicalstagewasanalysed.Thereceiveroperatingcharacteristic(ROC)curvewasemployedtodeterminethediagnosticperformanceofdifferentVMsofdetection,andtheareasundertheROCcurveofdifferentgroupswerecompared.RESULTS:Theliverstiffnessvaluesobtainedfrom1VM,2VMs,3VMs,5VMsandall10VMsforstageF0were6.95±2.01kPa,6.87±1.83kPa,6.90±1.88kPa,6.95±1.93kPaand7.15±1.89kPa,respectively(F=0.043,P=0.996).ForstageF1,thesevalueswere7.12±1.72kPa,7.24±1.72kPa,7.21±1.74kPa,7.10±1.78kPaand7.04±1.70kPa,respectively(F=0.075,P=0.990).ForstageF2,theywere9.37±3.87kPa,9.18±3.68kPa,9.19±3.81kPa,9.18±3.81kPaand9.19±3.53kPa,respectively(F=0.012,P=1.000).ForstageF3,thesewere11.91±3.88kPa,11.78±4.04kPa,11.83±4.07kPa,11.94±4.17kPaand12.00±4.02kPa,respectively(F=0.010,P=1.000).ForstageF4,thereadingswere19.30±7.63kPa,19.40±7.36kPa,19.54±7.43kPa,19.73±7.21kPaand20.25±7.22kPa,respectively(F=0.054,P=0.995).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthesegroups.Intraclasscorrelationcoefficientsamongdifferentpathologicalstages(F0-F4)withdifferentdetectionVMswere0.995,0.993,0.996,0.994and0.996,respectively.Themeanelasticityvaluesfrom1VM,2VMs,3VMs,5VMsand10VMscanaccuratelydistinguishfibrosisstages(F0vsF1234,F01vsF234,F012vsF34andF0123vsF4)withnosignificantdifferencesinthefivegroups(P>0.05forall).CONCLUSION:One
简介:Objective:Toobservetheactivityofrepeatedextractsofbonematrixandtheproductionofpurifiedbonemorphogeneticproteins(BMPs).Methods:BMPswereextracted1-4timesfromfreshbovinecorticalbonebythemodifiedUrist'smethod,witheachcollectedprecipitateseparatedandlyophilizedaspartiallypurifiedBMPs.Anotherfreshbovinebonewasextractedthreetimesandtheprecipitatesweremixedandlyophilized.Meanwhile,thealkalinephosphatase(ALP)activitywasmeasuredbyaninvitroassayemployingculturedC2C12mousemyoblastcellsthroughtheosteoinductivityofbovineBMPsextractedfourtimesatdays1,4,7,and14,andthecorrelationbetweenBMPsquantitiesandcostingduringextractionprocesseswasanalyzed.Results:Thepurifiedandthecostshowedapositivecorrelation(r=0.969).ToseparateandlyophilizeeachcollectedprecipitateaspartiallypurifiedBMPsraisedthecost,andmixedprecipitatesalsocostmuch.ALPactivitiesof1standmixedextractionsofBMPswereshowntobehighlyosteoinductiveandkeepasignificantlyhighlevel(P<0.05-0.01)4daysafterculturingcomparedwiththe2nd,3rdand4thextractions,especiallythecontrolgroup.However,themoretimestheextractionwsdone,thelessactivityofBMPswasshownandmorecostingwas.Thex-rayandhistologicalanalysisalsoshowedthatthe1stextractionofBMPsinducedmoreossiclesandnewboneformation.Conclusions:TheresultsindicatedthatBMPsenhancedtheabilitiesofosteoinductiviytinC2C12cultureinvitro.ThefirstextractionofBMPsfromboneisfitfull,4thextractionsareunnecessaryfortheycostmoreandwastemoretime,saynothingofmixedextractions.
简介:摘要:随着工业化和城市化的不断进展,大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)是当前世界各国面临的重大环境问题,人体长期暴露于PM2.5的环境中,会导致多个系统(例如呼吸系统、心血管系统、消化系统、神经系统等)的损害。口腔作为人体与外界连通的最前线,可以直接暴露于PM2.5的环境中,因而口腔很可能是容易受其影响的器官之一,近年来,人们越来越关注PM2.5对口腔损伤方面的研究,本文就PM2.5对口腔的危害的国内外最新研究进展做一综述。
简介:瞄准:为tadalafil的20mg的二dosing政体检验偏爱,在需求或三次上每星期,在在Italy.Methods与可勃起的机能障碍(编辑)影响的人:安排了使用,包含转线路andopen标签学习在意大利集中的94泌尿学对在需求政体评估上(肯定)一多集中,。与编辑影响至少3个月的18岁以上的病人每星期在需求或三次上被注册并且使随机化5-6星期到tadalafil治疗的20mg。在1星期的冲刷以后,病人们被穿过在上到为5-6星期的交替的政体。一个治疗偏爱问题被用来决定比较喜欢的治疗政体。可勃起的功能(IIEF)和性相遇侧面(9月)的国际索引问询表被用作功效措施。结果:1058个人(吝啬的年龄54.8years)的一个总数,被使随机化到治疗。总的来说,59.1%病人比较喜欢每星期dosing比较喜欢三次的按需的政体and41.9%。两政体有效、很好容忍。尽管IIEF可勃起的功能(IIEF-EF)的统计上更高的改进领域分数和SEP问询表与on-demandtreatment政体相比每星期在三次被报导,这差别在临床的significance.Conclusion数字地最小、缺乏:Tadalafil有效、很好容忍是否每星期在需求或三次上使用。病人们应该被给选择根据个人需要和偏爱选择最好的治疗政体。
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简介:摘要目的研究PM2.5对红细胞性质的影响。方法采集成都市区大气中的PM2.5,将PM2.5以低剂量(20μg/mL)、高剂量(100μg/mL)与红细胞作用24h,检测红细胞常规指标、溶血情况、红细胞的渗透脆性、变形性、聚集性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,以生理盐水组作为对照,观察PM2.5对各指标的影响。结果与生理盐水组相比,高剂量组红细胞的溶血率、MDA含量、渗透脆性升高,聚集幅度降低;常规指标、变形性和聚集指数基本无变化;低剂量组红细胞的溶血率、MDA含量及渗透脆性略微升高,聚集幅度略微降低,常规指标、变形性和聚集指数基本无变化。结论较低浓度的PM2.5对红细胞性质几乎无影响,较高浓度的PM2.5对红细胞的部分性质有显著影响。
简介:摘要目的系统分析PM2.5暴露对儿童行为的影响。方法以空气污染、细颗粒物、儿童、学生、儿童行为、神经行为、注意力、自闭症、孤独症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、多动症、不良行为为中文关键词,以air pollution、fine particulate matter、particulate matter、PM2.5、children、student、behavior、autism、attention、inattention、neurobehavior、attention deficit hyperactivity disorder、ADHD、ASD为英文关键词,分别系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台和PubMed、Web of Science数据库发表的有关PM2.5与儿童行为问题关联的相关文献。检索时段截至2019年11月,语种限定为中文和英文。纳入标准包括研究的暴露因素为PM2.5;研究结果包括行为障碍及相关疾病;纳入文献的语种为中文、英文;原创研究论文;病例对照、队列或横断面研究。排除标准包括动物实验;重复报告;综述类文章;研究暴露因素不包括PM2.5;儿童自伤和违法等行为。最终纳入25篇文献。结果纳入的25篇文献中,12篇研究讨论PM2.5暴露与儿童行为障碍疾病的关系,13篇探讨PM2.5暴露与儿童异常行为之间的关系,基于中国人群的研究有5篇。根据研究设计分为出生队列研究(15个)、横断面研究(5个)、病例对照研究(5个),我国主要采用横断面研究和病例对照研究。研究结果提示,PM2.5暴露会增加儿童行为问题的发生风险,既存在短期效应也存在长期效应。短期暴露于PM2.5易引起轻度的儿童异常行为,长期暴露可能加重儿童行为障碍疾病的发生风险。胎儿期和婴幼儿期可能是儿童行为问题发生的关键暴露窗口。结论PM2.5暴露与儿童行为问题可能存在一定关联,在未来的研究中应开展纵向队列研究增强细颗粒物污染与儿童行为问题的因果关系论证。
简介:AbstractWith the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic showing no signs of abating, resuming neglected tropical disease (NTD) activities, particularly mass drug administration (MDA), is vital. Failure to resume activities will not only enhance the risk of NTD transmission, but will fail to leverage behaviour change messaging on the importance of hand and face washing and improved sanitation—a common strategy for several NTDs that also reduces the risk of COVID-19 spread. This so-called "hybrid approach" will demonstrate best practices for mitigating the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by incorporating physical distancing, use of masks, and frequent hand-washing in the delivery of medicines to endemic communities and support action against the transmission of the virus through water, sanitation and hygiene interventions promoted by NTD programmes. Unless MDA and morbidity management activities resume, achievement of NTD targets as projected in the WHO/NTD Roadmap (2021-2030) will be deferred, the aspirational goal of NTD programmes to enhance universal health coverage jeopardised and the call to 'leave no one behind’a hollow one. We outline what implementing this hybrid approach, which aims to strengthen health systems, and facilitate integration and cross-sector collaboration, can achieve based on work undertaken in several African countries.
简介:目的:探讨大气细颗粒物对大鼠肺的炎症损伤和氧化应激的损伤作用。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠24只,随机分成生理盐水对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,气管滴注染毒,测定生化指标包括:白蛋白(ALB)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化物歧化酶(SOD);同时,取右肺组织,提取RNA,PCR检测MIP-2和IL-1β的表达量。结果:对照组体重逐渐增加,而各染毒组体重逐渐减少,LDH、AKP、白蛋白中剂量组和高剂量组与对照组比较存在显著性差异(P〈0.05),ACP高剂量组与对照组比较存在显著性差异(P〈0.01),并且均有剂量-反应关系。MDA、SOD各指标,各剂量组与生理盐水对照组比较存在明显差异(P〈0.01);随着染毒剂量的增加,肺部MIP-2和IL-1β的表达量也相应增加。结论:PM2.5对肺组织中产生炎症损伤和氧化应激反应,对肺组织造成损伤。
简介:摘要目的了解PM2.5对杭州市学龄儿童唾液溶菌酶含量的影响。方法按照整群随机抽样原则在杭州市下城区、西湖区、淳安县各一所小学的3~5年级班级中总共随机抽取2个班的正常健康学龄儿童作为调查对象,三校于2015年10月和2016年1月分别进行2次学生唾液溶菌酶含量检测及问卷调查。同时收集2015—2016年三校附近的环境空气质量资料,建立唾液溶菌酶含量增高的多元线性回归方程,分析PM2.5对学龄儿童唾液溶菌酶含量的影响。结果共纳入学龄儿童248名,经2次测量杭州市西湖区、下城区和淳安县儿童平均唾液溶菌酶含量分别为(566.55±157.56),(577.92±159.39)和(627.41±204.42)μg/L,三个地区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量差异有统计学意义(F=11.322,P<0.01)。西湖区和下城区PM2.5平均浓度为80 μg/m3和77 μg/m3,属于高霾区,淳安县为53 μg/m3,属于低霾区。分析显示,多元线性回归方程有统计学意义(F=6.360,P<0.01),低霾区学生唾液溶菌酶含量增高量较高霾区学生更大,开窗通风频次越少唾液溶菌酶含量增高量越大。结论PM2.5对学龄儿童唾液溶菌酶含量有影响,雾霾对学龄儿童唾液溶菌酶含量存在负效应。