简介:为解决吐哈油田温米采油厂水质处理不稳定、系统腐蚀严重等问题,对采油厂含油污水生化处理系统主要设备的运行状况和处理后污水回注性能进行评价。分析了生化处理系统处理后生化池空气中H2S含量超标的原因,即有大量SRB和硫化物进入调节池和生化池,曝气装置将H2S带入空气中造成空气中H2S超标。针对问题提出对策措施,并进行了现场应用,监测结果显示:调节池HzS浓度≤10mg/m3,生化池H2S浓度≤2mg/m3,符合GBZ2.1~2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》的标准要求。有效提高了含油污水处理水质,消除了安全隐患。
简介:AftertheKyotoProtocolwasimplemented,carbonleakageexertsgreatinfluencesoninternationaltradeandeconomy.Tradecreatesamechanismforconsumerstoshiftenvironmentalpollutionassociatedwiththeirconsumptiontoothercountries.ChinahasovertakentheU.S.astheworld'sbiggestCO2emittersince2006.AsChina'ssecondlargesttradepartner,theU.S.hasthebiggesttradedeficitwithChinawhichhasarousedalotofdisputesbetweenthetwoparties.ButsofartheassessmentsofthetradeimbalanceofChina-U.S.havepaidlittleattentiontoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetradeimbalance.Appliedaninput-outputapproach,thearticleestimatestheamountofCO2embodiedinChina-U.S.tradeduring1997-2007.ItwasfoundthatthroughtradewithChina,theU.S.reduceditsCO2emissionscomparedwithanon-tradescenario.Duetothegreatercarbon-intensityandrelativelylessefficientproductionprocessesofChineseindustry,China-U.S.traderesultedinmoreCO2emissionsinChinaandtheworld.Intheend,thearticlegivessomesuggestions:itisequalandsustainablethattheinternationalaccountingmethodologiesshouldbeimproved,forCO2emissionsresponsibilitymustbedesignedtoaccountforthedynamicnatureofinternationaltrade.
简介:EstablishingpositiveandurgenttargetsforCO2reductionandemissionpeak,andpromotingenergyconservationandenergystructureadjustmentareamongthestrategiestoaddressglobalclimatechangeandCO2emissionsreduction.Theyarealsomeanstobreakthroughtheconstraintsofdomesticresourcesandenvironment,andinternalneeds,toachievesustainabledevelopment.Generallyspeaking,acountry’sCO2emissionpeakappearsafterachievingurbanizationandindustrialization.Bythen,connotativeeconomicgrowthwillappear,GDPwillgrowslowly,energyconsumptionelasticitywilldecrease,andenergyconsumptiongrowthwillslowdown-dependentmainlyonnewandrenewableenergies.Fossilfuelconsumptionwillnotincreasefurther.WhenCO2emissionreachesitspeak,theannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofGDPisgreaterthanGDPannualgrowthrate;andtheannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofenergyuseisgreaterthantheannualgrowthrateofenergyconsumption.Therefore,threeimportantapproachestopromotionofCO2emissionpeakcanbeconcluded:maintainingreasonablecontrolofGDPgrowth,strengtheningenergyconservationtosignificantlyreducetheGDPenergyintensity,andoptimizingtheenergymixtoreducetheCO2intensityofenergyuse.Byaround2030,Chinawillbasicallyhavecompleteditsrapiddevelopmentphaseofindustrializationandurbanization.ConnotativeeconomicgrowthwillappearwiththeaccelerationofindustrialstructureadjustmentThetargetofGDPenergyintensitywillstillbetomaintainanaverageannualreductionof3%orhigher.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelswillreach20-25%,andtheaimwillbetomaintainanaverageannualgrowthrateof6-8%.Thetotalannualenergydemandgrowthof1.5%willbesatisfiedbythenewlyincreasedsupplyofnon-fossilfuels.TheannualdeclineinCO2intensityofGDPwillreach4.5%orhigher,whichiscompatiblewithanaverageannualGDPgrowth
简介:Thispaperquantifiesadecompositionanalysisofenergy-relatedCO2emissionsintheindustrialsectorsofShanghaiovertheperiod1994-2007.TheLog-MeanDivisiaIndex(LMDI)methodisappliedtothisstudyintermsofsixfactors:laborforce,labormobility,grosslaborproductivity,energyintensity,fuelmix,andemissioncoefficient.Inaddition,thedecouplingeffectbetweenindustrialeconomicgrowthandCO2emissionsisanalyzedtoevaluateCO2mitigationstrategiesforShanghai.TheresultsshowthatalllaborproductivityhasthelargestpositiveeffectonCO2emissionchangesintheindustrialsectors,whereaslabormobilityandenergyintensityarethemaincomponentsfordecreasingCO2emissions.OtherfactorshavedifferenteffectsonCO2mitigationindifferentsub-periods.AlthougharelativedecouplingofindustrialCO2emissionsfromtheeconomicgrowthinShanghaihasbeenfound,ShanghaishouldkeeppacewiththeindustrialCO2emissionsreductionbyimplementinglow-carbontechnology.Theseresultshaveimportantpolicyimplications:PlanCisthereasonablechoiceforShanghai.
简介:以某污水厂好氧污泥为接种污泥,半软性纤维填料为载体,采用逐步提高盐度和有机负荷的方法对生物膜进行耐盐性和高有机负荷驯化。结果表明:经过一段时间驯化所得异养生物膜能够适应高盐度和高有机负荷的环境;生物膜对环境盐度变化的适应性有一定的波动;生物膜对有机物的降解能力随系统有机负荷增大而降低,连续进水、出水不回流且流量为0.292L/h,HRT为24h条件下,COD去除率最后保持在65%左右;COD去除率达到65%的时间与系统有机负荷呈线性正相关,相关系数为0.9112;驯化后耐盐微生物对温度和酸碱度不敏感,最佳生长温度为23℃,pH值为7~8。
简介:将褐煤样品加入含染料酸性红B的模拟废水中并加碱,褐煤中的腐殖酸溶解,而后加盐酸使腐殖酸絮凝。利用溶解的腐殖酸结合与褐煤颗粒表面的吸附作用,达到去除废水中该染料的目的。结果显示,褐煤对酸性红B具有很好地去除效果,但受到作用时间、溶液pH值、离子强度等因素的影响。要达到最佳去除效果,结合过程最少需要120min,吸附过程需要480min。初始质量浓度越高,废水中酸性红B的去除率越低,但当初始质量浓度在250~500mg/L时,去除率最小,但变化不大。结合过程pH值升高与吸附过程pH值降低均有利于该染料的去除。褐煤投加量增加,去除率提高,当初始质量浓度为250mg/L,褐煤投加量达到4mg/mL时的去除率达99%。离子强度的增加有利于褐煤对酸性红B的去除作用。