简介:Thepaperdemonstrateswhyitisnecessarytotaketherestorationofmarinecoastalecosystemhealthasanewgoalforintegratedcatchmentmanagement,incoastalareaoftheToloHarbour.Thepresentgoalofintegratedcatchmentmanagement(ICM)intheToloHarbouristomeetwithWaterQualityObjectives.TheperformanceofanICMplan,ToloHarbourActionPlan(THAP),isevaluatedbyusingmarinecoastalecosystemhealthindicatorsincludingstressindicatorsandresponsesindicators.SincetheimplementationofTHAPin1988,somesignificantreductioninpollutionloadinghasbeenobserved-reductionof83%ofBODloadand82%ofTNbetween1988and1999.TherehasbeenanimprovementinthehealthstateofToloHarbourmarinecoastalecosystemasevidencedinthetrendsofthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalindicators,althoughsomereversefluctuationsinsomeperiodsexist.However,thiscanonlybeconsideredasthefirstsignoftheecosystemhealthrestoration,sinceecosystemhealthco
简介:Inthispaper,weconstructamodelinwhichtheimpactofpollutiononhealthisexertedthroughbothdirectandindirectchannels.Theindirectchanneliscapturedbyaproductionfunc-tioninwhichtheprincipalhealth-improvingfactor,incomegrowth,canberealizedonlyinthecostofpollutionincrease.Thismodelisthentestedbytheaggregatedchroniclediseasedatainover78Chinesecounties.Ourresultsshow,afterattainingthethresholdof8μg/m2,continuousincreaseinindustrialSO2emissiondensitywillleadtheratioofpopulationsufferingchroniclediseases,amongwhichrespiratorydiseasesoccupyasignificantproportion,torise.However,owingtotechnologicalprogressinpollutioncontrolactivities,theneededSO2emissiontoproduceoneunitofGDPdiminisheswithtime.Therefore,thenegativeeffectfrompollutionaugmentationonpublichealthseemstoberecompensedmoreandmorebythepositiveeffectofeconomicgrowth.
简介:Basedonthestakeholdersmanagementtheory,thispaperprovidesanewstrategicmanagementmethodfortheNationalSustainableDevelopmentStrategy.BytakingChina'sNationalSustainableDevelopmentStrategyManagementasanexample,thispaperidentifiesallthestakeholdersinvolvedandthenassessesstakeholdersfromtwodimensions,namely'Importance'and'Attitude',bywhichallofthestakeholdersaredividedintosixcategories.Onthisbasis,furtheranalysisismadetoworkoutstrategicmanagementprogrammebyschedulingthestrategicemphases,stepsandmanagementcountermeasuresfordifferenttypesofstakeholderssoastoprovidetheorticalevidenceforthepracticeofNationalSustainableDevelopnentStrategymanagement.
简介:Buildingecocitiesbecomesanobjectiverequirementforsustainabledevelopment.Thisarticlediscussestherelationshipbetweensustainabledevelopmentandsustainableurbandevelopment.Onthebasisofdiscussingthesigificanceofsustainableurbandevelopmentandthatofaneco-cityfromdifferentperspectives,itsuggestsseveralmanagementstrategiesfordevelopinganeco-city,adesirablesustainableurbanmodel.
简介:Environmentandhealthhavebeenmoreandmorejointlyaddressedinrecentyears,thankstotheeffortsofseveralpublicandprivateinstitutions.Inthisscenario,aleadingrolehasbeenplayedbytheWorldHeathOrganisation(WHO).AspecificattentionwasdevotedtotheissuebytheEuropeanUnion(EU)EUinstitutionsandtheWHOOfficeforEurope,whichlists52countries(includingEurope,EasternEuropeanCountriesandTurkey,formerYugoslaviaandpartoftheformerSovietUnion).Theobjectivesofthepresentpaperaretogiveanoverviewofthemaindevelopmentsinthisarea,andtounderlinetheprogressmadetowardsacommonunderstandingofhealthandenvironmentissues,theadvantagesandlimitsofthesedevelopmentsandthechallengesforthefuture,tobetackledatagloballevel.
简介:Basedonthemeaningofeconomictheoryaswellasanalysisofrelevantcharacteristicsofwatershedenvironmentalmanagement,awatershedenvironmentalmanagementframeworkwillbecreated,withbuildingsystemsoftheory,principles,methods,andsupportingmeasures.Throughthegeneralstructure,thewatershedenvironmentalmanagementsystemdesigncanbeexploredtooptimizetheallocationofresourcesandachievecoordinateddevelopmentofwatershedeconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.
简介:Asthemainorganicpollutantinmunicipallivingwaste,kitchenwastecausessecondarypollutioninthecourseofitsbeinggatheredandtransportedtothelandfillbymixingwithotherrefuseandbydecomposition.Thismakespollutionpreventionmoredifficultandraisesthecostoflandfillengineering.However,theamountofsolidwastetobetreatedcanbedecreasedandsuchpollutionburdenlessenedbydisposingofthesolidwasteinlocalmunicipalareas.TheprograminBeijingalsoshowsthatthisworkswellwithoursituationinChinaandcanacceleratemarketizationandpublicparticipation.
简介:Nowadays,ecologicalandculturaltourism,especiallythoseancientvillagesandtownsinChina,haveattractedanin-creasingnumberoftouristsbecauseoftheiruniqueculturalfea-tures.However,rapiddevelopmentoftourismbringseconomicbenefits,butresultsinaseriesofproblemsthatthreatenfurthertourismdevelopmentandprotectionofancienttowns,suchasover-commercializationandtourismurbanization.TakingLong-menancienttownasanexample,thispaperpresentedasustain-ablewayofpreservinganddevelopingresourcesofancientvil-lagesandtowns.First,identifyculturalfeaturesandtheextentofancientvillagesandtowns,andfindtheapproachthroughwhichaculturallandscapezoningcanbeapplied.Second,defineacoop-erativefunctionareatoreleasethepressureoncoreareasandprotecttheirauthenticculturesbyextendingtourismspace.Third,balancetourismdevelopmentwithtraditionalindustriestoen-hancethesustainabilityofcommunityeconomies.
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简介:HealthinstitutionsinthePeople’sRepublicofChinaareunderconsiderablechallenge.Innovationsinmanagementsystemsmaysupportthechallengetoincreasebothefficiencyandeffectiveness.Thebalancedscorecard(BSC)isonesuchinnova-tion.WehaveusedamodeltoexplorethefactorsthatmayimpactthediffusionoftheBSCinChinesegovernmenthospitals.Inparticular,weconcentrateonthreefactors—theoutercontext,thenatureoftheinnovationandthecommunicationandinfluence.TheoutercontextandthenatureoftheinnovationdoprovideaninducementtoimplementaBSC.Thestrengthofthecommunica-tionandinfluencemayaffecttheleveloftake-up.However,werecognisethattheymaychoosetheBSCnotforanyapparenttechnicalexcellencebutforthelegitimationthatWesternman-agementpracticesmaybringtolocalmanagers.
简介:Althoughchemicalcontrolofpestsincreasescropproduction,itbringsalotofdamagetoenvironmentandhumanhealth.Thereexistanumberofalternativemethodsthatarenotsoharmfultoenvironmentandhumanhealth.However,whetherandhowmuchinextentthesetechnologiesadoptedareplausibledependsonthecomparisonofbenefit-costbetweenchemicalcontrolandthealternativecontrolmethods(suchasIntegratedPestManagement,IPM)andfarmers'willingness-to-pay(WTP)forenvirormentandhumanhealth.Usingcontingentvaluationmethod(CVM),theauthorinvestigatesfarmers'WTPforenvironmentandhumanhealth,recognizesthefactorsinfluencingWTP,andaccordinglypointsouttheimportanceofpestcontroltechnologyextensionandgovernmentregulationofpesticides.
简介:Tocollectneuronalactivitydatafromawake,freelybehavinganimals,wedevelopedminiaturetelemetryrecordingsystem.Theintegratedsystemconsistsoffourmajorcomponents:1)Microelectrodesandmicro-driverassembly,2)analogfrontend(AFE),3)programmablesystemonchip(PSoC),and4)radiotransceiverandtheLabVIEWwereusedasaplatformforthegraphicuserinterface.Theresultshowedthesystemwasabletorecordandanalyzeneuronalrecordingsinfreelymovinganimalsandlastedcontinuouslyforatimeperiodofaweekormore.Thisisveryusefulforthestudyoftheinterdisciplinaryresearchofneuroscienceandinformationengineeringtechniques.Thecircuitsandarchitectureofthedevicescanbeadaptedforneurobiologyandresearchwithothersmallanimals.
简介:Itisdifficulttorealizethetransformationfromtradi-tionaleconomyindustrialsystemtocirculareconomyindustrialsystem.Regardingprimaryrawmaterialsastheindicators,theindustrialsystemhasbeenspecifiedaccordingtothedivergenceamongtheindicatorsandthecircularutilizationmodes.Incom-parisonwiththeassociationamongindustrialsystems,therela-tionshipamongindustrialsub-systemsisnamedasindustrialcross-linkinginthispaper.Theindustrialsystemwhichcouldcompletelyutilizeandrecycletheindicatorsshouldbeincreasedandstrengthened,andthecirculareconomyindustrialsystemwithcompleteindustrialassociationandindustrialcross-linkingshouldalsobeconstructed.Takingthedevelopmentofcircularagricul-turalsystembasingonthetraditionalagriculturalsystemasanexample,thetraditionalagriculturalproductsareregardedastheindicatorswhichhavebeendividedintofoodstuffandcropstrawswhichareusedtoproducefoodandarticlesforuse,likefertilizer,energyandpapersetc.Thewaytoconstructthecircularagricul-turalindustrialsystemistoincreasetheindustrialsystemsthatcouldutilizetheproductsgeneratedfromcropstraws,fecesandothercastoffsandtransformthewastewaterandothertrucksintoenvironmentalfriendlyproducts.Ithasalsobeenpointedoutthattheconstructionofcirculareconomyindustrialsystemiscondu-civetothefoundationofcircularindustrialeconomicsandtheestablishmentoftheconstructionlayoutofcirculareconomyandtheapplicationschemes.Suggestionstothetheoreticalandprac-ticalworkofthenextstephavealsobeenbroughtforwardinthispaper.
简介:Theraredepositionofwaterresourcesconflictswithitslimitlessdemand.Thisdeterminedtheexistenceofthewaterfightstransactionsystem.Theimplementationofthewaterfightstransactionsystemrequiresclarifyingthedefinitionofwaterre-sourcerightabovealldistinctly.Atpresent,itisakindofcommonrightsystemarrangementwhichneedstheChinesegovernmenttodisposeofwaterresources.Thoughaseriesofmanagementsys-temsguaranteedthegovernment'ssupplyofwaterresource,ithinderedthedevelopmentofthewatermarketseriouslyandcausedtheutilizationofwaterresourcestostayintheinefficientorlowefficientstateforalongtime.Thus,weshouldchangethegovernment'sleadingroleintheresourcedistributionandreallyrelyonthemarkettocarryonthewaterfightstradeandtransac-tion.Inthisway,thewaterrightscouldbecomeakindofprivatepropertyfightrelatively,andcirculatefreelyinthemarket.Asaresultofthis,weshouldovercomethedefectsofcommonfight,makeitsexternalperformanceinternalizedmaximallyandachievetheoptimizedwaterresourcedispositionanduseitmoreeffec-tively.
简介:DramaticeconomicandsocialchangeshavetakenplaceinJiangyincityduetorapidandunevenurbanizationandindustrialization.Theenvironmentaldegradationhasfolloweddrivenbythesechangessincethe1980's.Withthepressuresandeffectsofenvironmentaldeterioration,thecityhasimplementedenvironmentalmanagementtoholdbackthetrendsofnegativeenvironmentalchanges.Fromtheviewpointofsystems,DPSERisagoodmodelforurbanenvironmentalchangestounderstandthecauses,pressure,state,effect,existingresponsesandfutureactionstrategies.WetookJiangyincity,adevelopedcityinSouthJiangsuprovince,EastChina,asanexample,andanalyzedthecharacteristicsofenvironmentalchangesandurbanresponsesusingDPSERmodel.Someoperationalstrategieshavebeenputforwardtodirectthecityenvironmentalmanagementtowardsasustainableroadstepbystep.
简介:Currently,theglobalcarbontradingsystemsarefragmentedandbelongtodifferentgovernmentsorareunderthejurisdictionofdifferentregions,resultinginaseriesofnewproblems,suchashowtolinkdispersedtradingsystems,howtocomparetheemissionreductionofvariousmarketsandotherissues.Sincethedevelopmentoftheinternationalcarbonmarketisrelativelyimmaturewithuncertainlifeexpectancyandvolatilityduringitsshorthistory,andthereisalackofquantitativedataonthelong-termrecord,themarketcouldprovidefewriskmanagementtools.Meanwhile,withthelaunchesofChina’sregionalcarbontradingpilotsinsevenprovincessince2013andcombinedwiththenationalvoluntaryemissiontradingsystem,carbontradingwillbecomeanimportantmechanismforChinainachievingitsemissionreductiontarget.Inthefirststage,thecarbonfinancemarketisatleastfacedwithmechanismdesignrisks,marketsupplyrisksandcompliancerisks.Therefore,tosecurethedevelopmentofthecarbonmarketandforpublicinterest,relevantgovernmentdepartmentsofChinashouldidentifytherisksfacingthemarketandshouldmakethebasicprinciplesandgoals,suchasensuringeffectivetradingandpricingmechanismstoavoidfraudandpricemanipulation,andbalancingtransparencyandconfidentialityofinformation.Consequently,thegovernmentsshoulddevelopacomprehensivecarbonfinanceregulatorysystemcoveringregulatorylegislation,regulatoryinstitutionsandtheirauthorities,regulatoryscopeaswellasregulatoryobjects.
简介:Thepapertriestoexplorecirculareconomyfromtheviewpointofthesystemtheory.Circulareconomyisakindofcomplicatedeconomicactivity,anditisawhollynewecotypeeconomyproposedbyWesterncountriesaftertheyhadsummedupmanyexperiencesandlessonsfromtraditionaleconomy.Itisanentiretyandhasmanylayers.Itkeepsanopenanddynamicbalance.Becausethesystemtheoryisthetheoreticalfoundationofcirculareconomy,weshouldsystemicallyanalyzeandstudycirculareconomyfromthemacroscopicview,correctlygraspitsoperationallaws,improveitsservicefunctions,andrealizehumanbeings'sustainabledevelopment.Thepaperintroducesthecontentandgeneralcharacteristicsofthesystemtheoryandtheideaofcirculareconomy.Thenitanalyzescirculareconomybasedonthesystemtheory.Thepaperconcludesthattheintegrationofcirculareconomyandthesystemtheorycanpromotethefunctionsofcirculareconomy.
简介:Watersavinganddevelopingwaterconservationsocietyarethetwokeystrategiesbothforwisewaterallocationandsustainableutilization.Thepaperanalysestheconnotationofwatersavingandwaterconservationsociety.Essentially,watersavingmeansfreeingupwaterfromnon-beneficialusesandprovidingittosomemoreproductiveuses.Basicprinciplesforsettingindicatorarepresentedbyprovidingefficientuseofwater,consideringsocialissuesandecologicalprotection.Anintegratedassessingwatersavingsystemaimingatmoresustainableandefficientconsumptionisgivenconsideringunbalancedsocialandeconomicdevelopmentinregionsandbasins.Thehierarchyindicatorsystemprovidesqualifiedtoolstothepracticeofwaterconservationandevaluatesthevalueforwaterconservationsocietyconstruction.
简介:Dongethnicpeoplehaverichindigenousknowledgeintermsoftheirdailylifeandproduction,whichplaysanimportantroleinthesustainabledevelopmentoftheirvillage.ThispaperaimstounderstandtraditionalknowledgeofDongethnicpeopleinresourcemanagementandpopulationcontrol,includingtraditionalresourcemanagement,traditionalmedicinalknowledgeandvillageregulationsinZhanliVillageinSoutheastGuizhouProvince.Theresearchmethodsincludekeyinformantinterview,groupdiscussion,participantobservationandsecondarydatacollect-ing.TheresultsshowthatZhanlivillagerstrytheirbesttoutilizeindigenousknowledgetomanagethenaturalresourcesandkeepthestablepopulationtomakethemselvesliveinasustainableway.Indigenousknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinmanagingtheirlimitednaturalresourcesandkeepingthepopulationstableunderanexcellentcondition.Zhanlivillagersemployindigenousknowledgetomanagenaturalresourcesanduselocalherbstocontrolthepopulation.Villageregulationtermssignificantlyinfluencevillagers’awarenessinresourcemanagementandbirthcontrol.Womenplaythechiefroleinemployingindigenousknowledgeinweavingaswellasmedicinalknowledgeinbirthcontrol,andthesekindsofknowledgearepasseddownthroughthefemaleline.However,theinheritancestyleoftraditionalknowledgeisdecreasing.Indig-enousknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinthesustainabledevelopmentofthisvillage,whichgivesimplicationsfordevelopmentpracticestoinvolveindigenousknowledgetoachievesustainabledevelopment.