简介：Insomedevelopedcountries,people'attitudetowardESDhavechangedtobepositive,whilepeopleinChinastillconsiderthisnewconceptasasenseofcrisis.Inthispaper,itintroducestheESDprogramsimplementedinChina.Byanalysis,thepaperhasconcludedthechallengesforChineseprimaryschoolstocarryoutESDandsubmitsomefeasiblesuggestions.

简介：Traditionalbiomechanicalanalysesofhumanmovementaregenerallyderivedfromlinearmathematics.Whilethesemethodscanbeusefulinmanysituations,theydonotdescribebehaviorsinhumansystemsthatarepredominatelynonlinear.Forthisreason,nonlinearanalysismethodsbasedonadynamicalsystemsapproachhavebecomemoreprevalentinrecentliterature.Theseanalysistechniqueshaveprovidednewinsightsintohowsystems(1)maintainpatternstability,(2)transitionintonewstates,and(3)aregovernedbyshort-andlong-term(fractal)correlationalprocessesatdifferentspatio-temporalscales.Thesedifferentaspectsofsystemdynamicsaretypicallyinvestigatedusingconceptsrelatedtovariability,stability,complexity,andadaptability.Thepurposeofthispaperistocompareandcontrastthesedifferentconceptsanddemonstratethat,althoughrelated,thesetermsrepresentfundamentallydifferentaspectsofsystemdynamics.Inparticular,wearguethatvariabilityshouldnotuniformlybeequatedwithstabilityorcomplexityofmovement.Inaddition,currentdynamicstabilitymeasuresbasedonnonlinearanalysismethods(suchasthefinitemaximalLyapunovexponent)canreveallocalinstabilitiesinmovementdynamics,butthedegreetowhichtheselocalinstabilitiesrelatetoglobalposturalandgaitstabilityandtheabilitytoresistexternalperturbationsremainstobeexplored.Finally,systematicstudiesareneededtorelateobservedreductionsincomplexitywithaginganddiseasetotheadaptivecapabilitiesofthemovementsystemandhowcomplexitychangesasafunctionofdifferenttaskconstraints.

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简介：ThisresearchusessystemicfunctionalgrammarasatextualanalysistooltoexamineEnglishargumentativewriting.Thecriticalquestionraisedinthisstudyis:TowhatextentcanthisanalysishelpstudentsconstructcohesivedevicesintermsofTheme/Rheme,lexicalcohesionandclausalcohesion?Itattemptstoanswerthequestionbyanalyzingasampleessayoftheresearcher’sstudenttohelpstudentslearnindetailtheschematicstructureandcohesivedevicesinargumentativewriting.AlsoitaimstoexploreimplicationsofsuchananalysisforfurtherEnglishwritingteachingandlearninginstructions.

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简介：Background:Thoughthemechanismsofskeletalmuscleregenerationaredeeplyunderstood,thoseinvolvedinmusclecontusion,oneofthemostcommonmuscleinjuriesinsportsmedicineclinics,arenot.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoexplorethemechanismsinvolvedinmuscleregenerationaftercontusioninjury.Methods:Inthisstudy,atotalof72micewereused.Eightofthemwererandomlychosenforthecontrolgroup,whiletherestweresubjectedtomusclecontusion.Subsequently,theirgastrocnemiusmuscleswereharvestedatdifferenttimepoints.Thechangesinmusclemorphologywereassessedbyhematoxylinandeosin(HE)stain.Inaddition,thegeneexpressionwasanalyzedbyreal-timepolymerasechainreaction.Results:Thedatashowedthattheexpressionofmanygenes,i.e.,specificmarkersofimmunecellsandsatellitecells,regulatoryfactorsformuscleregeneration,cytokines,andchemokines,increasedintheearlystagesofrecovery,especiallyinthefirst3days.Furthermore,therewerestrictrulesintheexpressionofthesegenes.However,almostallthegenesreturnedtonormalat14dayspost-injury.Conclusion:Thesequenceofimmunecellsinvadedaftermusclecontusionwasneutrophils,M1macrophagesandM2macrophages.SomeCC(CCL2,CCL3,andCCL4)andCXC(CXCL10)chemokinesmaybeinvolvedinthechemotaxisoftheseimmunecells.HGFmaybetheprimaryfactortoactivatethesatellitecellsaftermusclecontusion.Moreover,2weeksareneededtorecoverwhenacutecontusionhappensasusedinthisstudy.

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