简介：

简介：InthisstudytherelationshipbetweentheArcticOscillation(AO)andclimateinChinainborealwinterareinvestigated.Correlationanalysisforthelast41yearsshowsthatthewintertemperatureandprecipitationinChinachangeinphasewithAO.Highpostiviecorrelation(>0.04)betweentemperatureandAOappearsinthenorthernChina.HighcorrelationcoefficientsbetweenprecipitationandAOcoverthesouthernChina(closetotheSouthChyinaSea)andthecentralChina(between30°-40°Nandeastof-100°E),withthevaluesvaryingbetween+0.3and+0.4.ItisfoundthatduringthepastseveraldecadestheprecipitationwasstronglyaffectedbyAO,butforthetemperaturetheSiberianHighplaysamoreimportantrole.AttheinterdecadaltimescaletheAOhassignificantinfluenceonbothtemperatureandpreciptiation.MultivariateregressionanalysisdemonstratesthatAOandtheSiberianHighrelatedvarianceintemperatureandprecipitationis35%and11%respectively,Forprecipitation,howevertheportionisratherlow,implyingthatsomeotherfactorsmayberesponsibleforthechangesinprecipitation,inadditiontoAOandtheSiberianHigh.

简介：WintertemperatureinChinaduringthelast500yearswasconstructedbasedonhistoricaldataaboutthefreeze-upevents,theheavysnowandtheagriculturaldamagesbroughtaboutbycoldweathersinEastChina(25°N--35°N,115°E--120°E).Fisrt,thedataaboutthefreezingofriversandlakesandthoseaboutsnowfallinthisregionwerecompiledandevaluatedonthebasisofanordinalscale.Thentheseriesoffreeze-upeventsandheavysnowwereproducedseparatelyandthecombinationoftheseserieswasmadetogenerateaconsistentseriesthatreflectsthechangesinthedegreeofcoldnessinwinterduringthelast500years.Finally,areconstructionofwintertemperaturewascarriedoutataresolutionof10yearsbasedonacalibrationofaregressionbetweenrecenttemperatureobservationsandthecoldwinterseriesconstructed.

简介：XishuangbannaofYunnanProvinceisafamoustropicalfoggyregion.AfieldexperimentwascarriedoutfromNovember23to30of1997duringwhichfogsoccurredregularlyeveryday.Inthepaperthecharacteristicsofmacrostructureoffogareanalyzedandthephysicalprocessesofformationanddissipationoffogarestudied.TheresultsshowthattheXishuangbannavalleyfogformsfirstlyintheloweratmospherewithtwo-layerstructuresandthendevelopssuddenlyintheverticaldirectionafterreachingtheground.Furthermore,thevegetationeffectontheformationanddissipationoffogisdiscussedspecially.

简介：Thewintersof1997/1998and1998/1999,correspondingtoElNi(?)oandLaNi(?)aepisodes,respectively,weretwotypicalrain-abundantand-scarceseasonsforthesouthernChina.Inordertounderstandthecauseoftheanomalousprecipitationduringthetwowinters,acomparativeanalysistechniquehasbeenemployedtoinvestigatethedifferencesingeneralcirculationandmoisturetransportationbetweenthetwoseasons.Theresultsshowthattheabundantrainfallduringthewinterof1997/1998wasassociatedwiththeENSOwarmepisodeevent,eastwardshiftedweakwesterlytrough/ridge,weakenedEastAsianwintermonsoon(EAWM),strengthenedsubtropicalhigh,andpresentedtwoanti-cycloniccirculationsoverHokkaidoandthePhilippineSea,respectively,aswellasonecycloniccirculationovertheYangtzeRiverBasinintheanomalouswindfieldsofthelowertroposphere.Duringtherain-scarcewinter,however,thepatternsofequatorialseasurfacetemperatureanomaliesandthecirculationsystemsbothinupperandlowerlevelswerenearlytheoppositeofthoseduringtherain-abundantwinter.IthasalsobeendiscoveredthatthewatervaporoversouthernChinaduringthewinterscamemainlyfromthesouthwesterlyflowaheadoftroughsinthesouthernbranchofwesterliesandtheturningflowovertheSouthChinaSea-Indo-ChinaPeninsulaarea;andthemoisturetransportationchannelsvariedsignificantlywithregardtoheight.Theintensifiedflowinthesouthernbranchofwesterliesandtheanti-cycloniccirculationanomalyoverthePhilippineSeaduringthewinterof1997/1998werefavorableformoisturetransportationtomainlandChina,howeverthetwomoisturetransportationstreamsweredramaticallyweakenedduringthewinterof1998/1999duetoweakwesterlyflowandthedominanceofacoldhighsysteminthelowerleveloverthesoutheastcoastofChina.Suchasignificantinter-annualchangeofmoisturetransportationisakeyfactorresultingintheobviousdifferenceinprecipitationbetweenthetwowinters.

简介：Propertiesofthesoilsurfacelayer,thetemporalpatternofthemicroclimatevariablesaswellascropconditionwerecombinedtoanalyzethecharacteristicsoftheevapotranspirationfromwinterwheatfieldsinasalinesoilarea.Inordertoaccomplishthisanalysis,evapotranspirationwasdividedintoevaporationfromthesoilandtranspirationfromwheat.Moreover,theeffectofsoilsalinityonevapotranspirationwasevaluatedthroughtherelationshipbetweenactualevapotranspirationandpotentialevapotranspiration(Ea/Eo)andthetotalsoilwaterpotential(ψ)wasdividedintotwocomponents:matricpotential(ψM)andosmoticpotential(ψo).Twositeswithdifferentsalinitylevelswerechosenforthisstudy,locatedinHebeiProvince,China.MeasurementswereconductedinApril-May1997andMay1998.TheBowenratiomethodwasusedtoestimatetheactualevapotranspiration(Ea),whereaspotentialevapotranspiration(Eo)wasestimatedusingPenman'sequation.Measurementsofsoilevaporation(Es)wereobtainedwithmicro-lysimeters,andtranspirationwascalculatedfromthedifferencebetweenEaandEs.Theresultsshowthattranspirationcomprisedonaveragealmost80%oftotalevapotranspiration.Evaporationfromthesoildifferedslightlybetweenyears,butthisvariationwasdominatedbytheleafareaindex(LAI),whichrangedfrom4to5duringthestudyperiodof1997and1998.Soilelectricconductivity(EC),whichisdirectlyrelatedtoosmoticpotential,rangedfrom1.9to3.5mScm-1in1997andwasnegligiblein1998.Ourresultsindicatethatlowerosmoticpotentialdecreasesthetotalsoilwaterpotential,thusaffectingplanttranspiration.Hence,itispossibletosaythatsoilsalinityactuallydecreasesevapotranspirationfromwinterwheatfields.

简介：Airtemperatureisakeyindexreflectingclimatechange.Airtemperatureextremesareveryimportantbecausetheystronglyinfluencethenaturalenvironmentandsocietalactivities.TheArcticairtemperatureextremesnorthof60°Nareinvestigatedinthewinter.Dailydatafrom238stationsatnorthof60°Nfromtheglobalsummaryofthedayfortheperiod1979–2015areusedtostudythetrendsofcolddays,coldnights,warmdaysandwarmnightsduringthewintertime.Theresultsshowadecreasingtrendofcolddaysandnights(rateof–0.2to–0.3d/a)andanincreasingtrendofwarmdaysandnights(rateof+0.2to+0.3d/a)intheArctic.Themeantemperatureincreases,whichcontributestotheincreasing(decreasing)occurrenceofwarm(cold)daysandnights.Ontheotherhand,thevarianceatmoststationsdecreased,leadingtoareducednumberofcoldevents.ApositiveAO(ArcticOscillation)indexleadstoanincreased(decreased)numberofwarm(cold)daysandnightsovernorthernEuropeandwesternRussiaandanincreased(decreased)numberofcold(warm)daysandnightsovertheBeringStraitandGreenland.ThelowerextentofArcticautumnseaiceleadstoadecreasednumberofcolddaysandnights.TheoccurrencesofabruptchangesaredetectedusingtheMann-KendallmethodforcoldnightsoccurringinCanadain1998andforwarmnightsoccurringinnorthwesternEurasiain1988.ThisabruptchangemainlyresultedfromthemeanwarminginducedbysouthwindsandanincreasedNorthAtlanticseasurfacetemperature.

简介：在这篇论文，我们在模仿季节的周期和永久冬季平均数检验SAMIL/LASGGCM(R42/L26)的26水平版本的表演由把他们与NCEP/NCAR分析作比较的同温层的循环以及它的可变性。结果证明模型能够尽管有，复制气候学和同温层的发行量的季节的变化的许多特色模型是吝啬的极的旋涡，这更强壮、与观察相比更地带地对称。从SAMIL/LASGGCM的perpetual-January-run的结果的进一步的诊断显示在模型的平流层的主导的冬季季节摆动模式作为从NCEP/NCAR分析推断的那些与类似的空间模式展出类似的内部季节的时间规模。特别地，模仿的极的旋涡摆动模式展出一主导的内部季节的时间大约120天可伸缩，并且伴有同时的杆病房并且向下在平流层的温度异例的繁殖和在对流层的温度异例的朝赤道方向繁殖。更鼓励地，SAMIL/LASGGCM的26层版本能在1825天期间生产三个强壮的同温层的突然的温暖事件永久--1月集成，与没有强加，完全颠倒一些星期的极的西的喷气，任何东西规定了在更低的边界的异常强迫。

简介：亚洲冬季季风(EAWM)索引的各种各样的东方的季节的可预测性为19612006的一个46年的时期从整体基于五个最先进的联合模型的回顾的预报在这研究被调查。ENSEMBLES模型从21个EAWM索引预言五很好，这被发现，与从0.54～0.61的时间的关联系数。这五个索引被平均lower-tropospheric风在低纬度上定义(30的南方

简介：这篇论文在东北中国和它的连接上探讨冬季空气温度的interannual变化到前面的欧亚的雪盖子。结果证明在东北中国上在10月欧亚的雪盖子和后面冬季的空气温度之间有重要否定关联。位于东方西伯利亚并且到湖贝加尔湖的东北的雪盖子在冬季空气温度异例起一个重要作用。更多(更少)在10月的东方西伯利亚雪能引起气压是更高的一个大气的发行量异例在模式(更低)比在极的区域的正常并且更低(更高)在北中间高度的纬度。由于到下列冬季的从10月的东方西伯利亚雪的坚持，冬季大气的异例是有利的(相反)到寒冷的普遍运动，空气向北中间高度的纬度从极的区域集中并且因此，降低(更高)在东北中国上的温度。同时，当10月雪盖子是更多(更少)时，在西北的太平洋的SST连续地更低(更高)总体上；然后，低的阿留申群岛之土人和东亚马槽被增强(变弱)，赞成更低(更高)在东北中国上的温度。

简介：ThisstudyinvestigatedthelinkagebetweenwintertemperatureintheYellowSea(YS),China,andatmosphericindicesandestablishedthislinkagethroughstatisticalmodels.Thewatertemperaturewasobtainedthroughhindcastsimulationusingaglobal–regionalnestedoceanmodelfortheperiodof1958–2007.Theinterannualvariationsofthesimulatedtemperaturewerevalidatedusingsatelliteandin-situobservations.IntheYS,thewinterseasurfacetemperature(SST)hadobviousinterannualvariations,withthemaximumSSTexceeding2℃,andasignificantshiftfromthecoldtowarmphaseduring1988–1989.Basedonthemechanismstudy,statisticalmodelsforthevariationsofwatertemperatureintheYSwereestablishedusingsuitableatmosphericindicesaspredictors.ForthenorthernYS(NYS)andthecoastalregionofthesouthernYS(SYS),statisticalmodelsofSSTwereestablishedusinglinearregressionbasedontheDecember–January–FebruarymeanArcticoscillationindex(AOI),representingthedominantlarge-scaleatmosphericvariabilityinborealwinter.FortheYSwarmcurrent(YSWC)region,statisticalmodelswereestablishedusingboththeAOIandthefirstprincipalcomponentofthelocalwindstresscurl(PC1-Curl),derivedfromtheempiricalorthogonalfunctionsanalysis.ThePC1-Curlrepresentstheinfluenceofthelocalwindstresscurlonthewest-to-eastshiftsoftheYSWCpathway.TheapplicationsprovedthatthemodelspresentedinthisstudyhavetheabilitytoestimatewintertemperaturesintheYSwithintherecentyears.

简介：在南部的中国把降水和每月的温度数据基于每天，在南部的中国的冬季极端降水变化被使用Mann-Kendall测试和概括Pareto分发的返回值调查了。结果证明在南部的中国的一场冬季气候大祸在1991附近发生了，并且冬季极端降水的紧张在温暖的气候以后被加强。在温暖的气候前后的异常发行量特征被为大气的研究分析数据的环境预言/公民中心使用美国国家中心进一步分析。在东亚上的热带冬季季风否定地在东南的中国与降水被相关，这被发现。在气候温暖以后，在中间、高的纬度的发行量的meridionality从北方增加空气，它为寒冷的向南方的运动是有利的。另外，在南部的中国上的温度的增加可以导致在大陆和海洋之间的微分加热的减少。因而，在东亚上的热带冬季季风被削弱，它为到东南的中国和潮湿流动的异常集中的形成的温暖、潮湿的空气的运输是有利的，导致在东南的中国上的大降水。作为结果，在在在温暖的气候以后的中间、高的纬度和更低的纬度的异常发行量之间的相互作用在东南的中国上在冬季降水紧张的增加起一个主要作用。

简介：Basedonfullconsiderationofthewinterwheatbiologicalcharacters,anagrometeorologicalmodelofphysiologicalthermalindexofwinterwheatincludingvernalizationandphotoperiodresponseisestablished,inwhichtheinfluenceofdiurnalvariationoftemperature,effectivetemperatureanddaylengthonthedevelopmentofwinterwheatduringtheperiodfromemergencetoelongationarecomprehensivelyconsidered.ValidationofthemodelusingthedatatakenfromtheexperimentsofwheatecologyinChinashowsthatthemodelbehaveswellwithmeanerrorlessthan3days.

简介：Basedonaseriesofdataanalyses,theintimaterelationsbetweenanomalouswintermonsooninEastAsiaandElNinoarcstudiedinthispaper.AnomalisticcirculationintheNorthernHemispherecausedbyElNinoeventcanleadtoenhancingtheFerre!cellandthewesterliesinthemid-latitudesastheHadleycellandresultinthelocationofthefrontzoneinEastAsiatothenorth.TheseareunfavourableforthecoldwavebreakingoutsouthwardinEastAsia.Therefore,thereatewarmerweatherandweakerwintermonsooninEastAsiainElNinowinter.TherearestrongerandfrequentcoldwavesinEastAsiaduringthewintertimepriortotheoccurrenceofElNinoevent.TheywillinducestrongerwintermonsooninEastAsia.Thus,theweakenedtradewindandenhancedcumulusconvectionintheequatorialmiddle-westernPacificareacausedbythestrongerwintermonsoonwillplayanimportantroleintheoccurrenceofElNinoevent.Therefore,theanomalouslystrongwintermonsooninEastAsiaduringwinter

简介：ConflictingresultshavebeenpresentedregardingthelinkbetweenArcticsea-icelossandmidlatitudecooling,partic-ularlyoverEurasia.Thisstudyanalyzesuncoupled（atmosphere-only）andcoupled（ocean-atmosphere）simulationsbytheClimateForecastSystem,version2（CFSv2）,toexaminethislinkageduringtheNorthernHemispherewinter,focusingonthesimulationoftheobservedsurfacecoolingtrendoverEurasiaduringthelastthreedecades.TheuncoupledsimulationsareAtmosphericModelIntercomparisonProject（AMIP）runsforcedwithmeanseasonalcyclesofseasurfacetemperature（SST）andseaice,usingcombinationsofSSTandseaicefromdifferenttimeperiodstoassesstherolethateachplaysindividually,andtoassesstheroleofatmosphericinternalvariability.Coupledrunsareusedtofurtherinvestigatetheroleofinternalvariabilitvviatheanalysisofinitializednredictionsandtheevolutionoftheforecastwithleadtime.

简介：TheimpactofBrownCarbon(BrC)toaerosollightabsorptionhasbeenpaidmoreattentionrecentlyandtherearealargenumberofstudiesshowingthattheinfluenceofBrConradiativeforcingshouldnotbeignored.BrCalsoactsasanimportantcomponentofhazepollutionwhichisoccurringfrequentlyinWuhan,China.Therefore,itisessentialtoestimatetheiropticalproperties,composition,andmassconcentration.Consideringmosthazepollutionhappensduringthecoldesttime,weretrievedBrCcolumnarcontentduringwinterinWuhanforthefirsttime.OurmethodbasesonthefactthatBrCshowedthestrongspectraldependenceonUV-lightabsorption.Usingthismethod,wefoundthatBrCmakesupthesmallproportionsoftotalaerosolvolume(lessthan10％).Inthewinterof2011,weretrievedthedaily-averagedcolumnar-integratedmassconcentrationofBrConcleardayis4.353mg/m2whilethatofhazedayis12.750mg/m2.Accordingtothesensitivitystudy,wefoundthattheresultshighlyreliedontheassumedaerosolrefractiveindex.Toreducetheuncertaintyofthisapproach,weneedtogainabetterunderstandingofthetemporalvariabilityoftheradiationabsorbingcomponentsoftheseaerosolsinthefuture.

简介：Basedonthewinter1984/1985ECMWFgridpointdatasubjectedtothe30-60dayband-passfilteringandcompositeanalysis,astudyisundertakenoftheLFO(low-frequencyoscillation)structureintheeasternAsianwesterlyjetentranceandexitregionsandtheAsia-Pacificlow-frequencyvortexactivitycharacteristics.Resultsshowthatzonalwindoscillationsonbothsidesofthejetcoreareinanti-phase,incloserelationtotheE-Wdisplacementofthecore.RanginginNW-SEdirectionisalow-frequencyvortextrain(LFVT)emanatingfromUralviacentralAsiatoEastAsia.Alow-frequencyvortexofUralorigin,whenreachingaround50(?),80(?),issplitintotwoparts,onetravellingeastwardandtheothersouthward,andfinallytheyarcconnectedcyclonicallyoranticyclonicallyatlowlatitudes,form-ingavigorouslowfrequencycycloneoranticycloneintheeasternpartofChinamainland,completingafullcycleoftheLFVT.Further,observedinthecentralPacificareameridionalLFVTandacyclone/anticyclonecoupletloopinginacounterclockwisesense,givingrisetotheLFVTphaseshiftoverthisregion.

简介：与一个简单索引定义东方亚洲冬季季风(EAWM)的紧张是一项困难的任务。这份报纸在18存在EAWM力量索引的意思上详细描述并且分类他们进四个范畴：低级的风索引，上面的带的风砍索引，东方西方压力对比索引，和东方亚洲人马槽索引。索引当时是的这些的时间/空间的表演和预言潜力为1957鈥?分析了001时期。它表明在十的timescale上，除了东方西方压力的大多数索引对比索引能很好捕获在1986附近的EAWM的连续变弱。在interannualtimescale上，低级的风索引和东方亚洲马槽索引基于ElNi的知识有最好的可预测性?o南部的摆动和北极摆动分别地。所有18个存在索引能很好描述EAWM相关的发行量，降水，和更低的tropospheric空气温度异例。然而，在华中的大区域上的表面空气温度的变化不能与地志的效果有关可能是大多数索引捕获的井，它是。这研究的结果可以为EAWM的未来研究提供一本可能的参考书。关键词东方亚洲冬季季风索引-interannual变化-interdecadal变化

简介：我们调查了内部冬季的年度变化在这篇论文的同温层的极的旋涡。文件结束分析证明可变性的二个模式统治同温层的极的旋涡在上内部年度时间规模。领先的模式(EOF1)反映极的旋涡的紧张变化并且被在极的区域之间的一块geopotential高度跷跷板描绘并且中间纬度。在极的旋涡的带的不对称的部分的第二个(EOF2)展览变化，它主要描述静止行星的波浪活动。作为最强壮内部在空气的年度变化信号，QBO被显示了主要影响极的旋涡的力量。在另一方面，ENSO周期最强壮内部在海洋的年度变化信号，被显示了主要在平流层与静止行星的波浪活动的变化被联系。球的循环也是的对流上的同温层的极的旋涡的可能的影响在这讨论了纸。

简介：Tigerpuffer(Takifugurubripes)isapromisingspeciesforaquacultureproductionbecauseofitshighvalueandlimitedsupply.However,inthenorthofChina,usingseacagestoculturethisspeciesinwinterishamperedbythefactthattheseawatertemperatureisextremelylow.Here,alargescalecommercialproductionoftigerpufferhasbeensuccessfullyrealizedusingarecirculatingaquaculturesystem(RAS)from3October2012to31May2013.TheRASwascomprisedofnineculturetanks(totalwatervolume200m3)andstockedwithapproximatelyatotalof14400fish(initialmeanweight160g).Thetigerpufferwashand-fedatarateof0.7%oftotalbodyweightperday,andthefeedconversionratewas(1.21±0.3)kgkg?1.TherecyclewaterinRASwastreatedbyasievebendscreen,afoamfractionator,asubmergedbiofilter,anUVsterilizerandasubmersibleaerator.Duringthewholecultureperiod,anexcellentwaterqualitycontrolwasachievedinRAS.Attheendofthisexperiment,thesurvivalrateoftigerpufferwasmorethan98%.Thefinaltankdensitiesaveraged31.2kgm?3,andthefinalindividualmeanweightwas440g.