简介：The2008Wenchuanearthquake,amajorintraplateearthquakewithMw7.9,occurredontheslowlydeformingLongmenshanfault.Tobetterunderstandthecausesofthisdevastatingearthquake,weneedknowledgeoftheregionalstressfieldandtheunderlyinggeodynamicprocesses.Here,wedeterminefocalmechanismsolutions(FMSs)ofthe2008Wenchuanearthquakesequence(WES)usingbothP-wavefirst-motionpolaritydataandSH/Pamplituderatio(AR)data.AsP-wavepolaritiesaremorereliableinformation,theyaregivenpriorityoverSH/PAR,thelatterofwhichareusedonlywhentheformerhaslooseconstraintontheFMSs.Wecollectdatafromthreecategories:(1)permanentstationsdeployedbytheChinaEarthquakeAdministration(CEA);(2)theWesternSichuanPassiveSeismicArray(WSPSA)deployedbyInstituteofGeology,CEA;(3)globalstationsfromIncorporatedResearchInstitutionsforSeismology.Finally,129eventswithmagnitudeoverMs4.0inthe2008WESareidentifiedtohavewell-constrainedFMSs.Amongthem,83arewellconstrainedbyP-wavepolaritiesonlyasshownbyCaietal.(EarthqSci24(1):115–125,2011),andtherestofwhicharenewlyconstrainedbyincorporatingSH/PAR.BasedonthespatialdistributionandFMSsoftheWES,wedrawfollowingconclusions:(1)theprinciplecompressionaldirectionsofmostFMSsoftheWESaresubhorizontal,generallyinagreementwiththeconclusiongivenbyCaietal.(2011)butwithafewmodificationsthatthecompressionaldirectionsareWNW–ESEaroundWenchuanandENE–WSWaroundQingchuan,respectively.ThesubhorizontalcompressionaldirectionalongtheLongmenshanfaultfromSWtoNEseemstohavealeftlateralrotation,whichagreeswellwithregionalstressfieldinvertedbyformerresearchers(e.g.,Xuetal.,ActaSeismolSin30(5),1987;ActaGeophysSin32(6),1989;Cuietal.,SeismolGeol27(2):234–242,2005);(2)theFMSsoftheeventsnotonlyreflectedtheregionalstressstateoftheLongmenshanregion,butalsowereobviouslycontrolledbythefaultstosomeextent,whichwaspointedou

简介：我们进行一个实验调查在在PKP光线路径在中美洲下面取样的内部核心的体积的观察速度坡度的线性是否是柔韧的近似。而不是解决一个优化问题，我们在贝叶斯的推理以内走近它。在模型说明被放松以便的地方，这是一条整体途径而不是仅仅一个答案，一些讲理的模型是可接受的。在贝叶斯的推理这里使用了的transdimensional，而且，基础功能的数字需要为观察建模由自己一未知。我们建模在模型的整体揭示那，很可能是包含仅仅2个节点(线性趋势)的那些。因此，我们的结果认为关于观察坡度在它的性质是不变的披风的其余部分为内部核心旋转的决心使用的假设正当(线性)。在地震学的最近的观察建议在有弹性的参数的空间可变性是在内部核心的普遍现象，是可能的。未来数组观察将进一步抑制速度变化的空间程度和大小并且显示出是否在内部核心的二伪半球的这些观察之间有重要差别。

简介：CytochromeP450(CYP)superfamilyisoneofthemembershiplargestandfunctionmostdiverseproteinsuperfamilyrecogniozedamonglivingbeings.Membersofthissuperfamilywerefurtherassignedtodifferentfamiliesandsubfamiliesbasedontheiraminoacidsimilarities.Accordingtotheirphylogeneticrelationships,theCYPgeneswhichlikelydivergedfromcommonancestorgeneandmaysharecommonfunctionsweregroupedintooneclan.Widelydistributingscallopsareagroupofthemostconspicuousbivalve;howeverthestudiesontheirCYPisacarce.Inthisstudy,wesearchedthegenomeandexpressedsequencetagsofZhikongscallop(Chlamysfarreri)forCYPgenes.Intotal,88non-redundantCYPwereidentified,whichwerehomedin13CYPsgenefamilies.Phylogeneticanalysisdividedthesegenesinto4CYPclans.Asindeuterostomes,Clan2wasthelargest,whichcontained33genesbelongingtoCYP1,CYP2,CYP17andCYP356families.Clan3contgained19genesbelongingtoCYP3,CYP5andCYP30families.Clan4contained23genes,allbelongingtoCYP4family.ThemitochondrialCYPclancontained9genesbelongingtoCYP10andCYP24families.Incomparison,protostomes(C.farreri,D.pluex,D.melanogaster)containedmoreCYPgenesthandeuterostomes(S.purpuratusandvertebrates)inClan2butlessgenesinClan3andClan4.OurfindingswillaidtodecipheringCYPfunctionandevolutioninscallopsandbivalves.

简介：砍越过内部核心边界的速度和密度对比为学习深地球动力学，geodynamo和地磁气的进化是必要的。在以前的研究，在短距离和更全体的PKiKP/P的PKiKP/PcP的振幅比率距离被用来抑制shear速度和密度对比，并且砍在最高的内部核心的速度被发现比PREM预言实质地小。这里我们在场PKiKP/P振幅比率的大数据集为80的距离范围在阿拉斯加在ILAR数组在420个地震记录上测量了？？

简介：同位素技术是研究区域地下水循环规律的主要手段之一。本文对平原区地下水进行了取样分析，运用同位素技术并结合水文地质条件，研究了北京市平原区地下水循环演化规律。运用^3H和^14C的测年技术确定了地下水年龄；利用D和18^O关系曲线探讨了地下水的起源；按照是否积极参加了现代水循环的原则将第四系地下水划分为浅层水和深层水；对浅层水和深层水的更新状况进行了研究。研究表明，浅层水广泛分布于北京平原区，径流条件好，更新快；深层水主要分布于永定河、潮白河冲洪积扇下部及冲洪积平原的深部地区，补给条件相对差，与现代大气降水联系弱，径流条件差，更新慢。