简介：Thepaperfirstintroducestheconcepts,methodandrecentdevelopmentofWebGIStechnology,thendiscussesthefunctionalityandapplicationprospectofWebGISinthefieldofseismologicalstudy,finallythepapergivesapresentationonapplicationofWebGIStoseismologicalstudyandconstructsaWebGISinformationsystemforseismologicalstudybyusingGIScomponentMO/MOIMS.ThesystembasedonBrowser/ServerarchitecturecanimplementsthesharingofspatialdataandGISapplicationsandpartlycollaboratingwork.ThisWebGISsolutionhasimportantsignificanceforseismologicalstudyanddeservestofurtherresearch.

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简介：Thispaperaimsatareviewoftheworkcarriedouttodateontheadjointassimilationofdatainmarineecosystemmodelssince1995.Thestructureandfeatureoftheadjointassimilationinmarineecosystemmodelsarealsointroduced.Toillustratetheapplicationoftheadjointtechniqueanditsmerits,a4-variableecosystemmodelcoupledwitha3-DphysicalmodelisestablishedfortheBohaiSeaandtheYellowSea.ThechlorophyllconcentrationdataderivedfromtheSeaWiFSoceancolourdataareassimilatedinthemodelwiththetechnique.Someresultsarebrieflypresented.

简介：Thisstudyshowscrossholeseismictechnologycanoffernotonlyimagesofcrossholetomography,butalsoreflectsectionsofhighresolution.Properprocessingofcrossholeseismicreflectdataproducesahighqualitysectionbetweentwowells.Thinbeds,faultsandothergeologicphenomenacanbefoundclearlyinthissection.Sodetailedreservoirdescriptioncouldbeformedtoguidetheoilfielddevelopmentplan.Meanwhile,crossholetechnologycanbedirectlyusedtomonitortheprocessofoilfieldinjectionandenhancedoilrecovery,soithasawidescopeofusageinoilfielddevelopment.

简介：ExperimentalstudieshavebeenconductedontheacousticeffectsofKLEIN-510subbottomprofilerfordifferentsedimentarylayersinestuaryandbayareas.Sedimentarylayerboundariescanberecordedclearlyandcontinuouslybythisinstrumentandthencomparedwiththeresultsfromdrillingcorestorevealsomevariationsofsedimentaryenvironments.Withthisinstrument,theaveragedepositratecanbedeterminedandthebed-rockbeneaththeseabottomcanbefoundout.

简介：Inthispaper,wereviewthecreation,evolutionandapplicationofwetlanddefinitions.VaryingwetlandsarefoundfromthetundratothetropicsandoneverycontinentexceptAntarcticaintheplanet.Wetlandshavemanydistinguishingfeatures,themostnotableofwhicharewaterpresence,uniquesoilconditions,andbiotathatareadaptedtoortolerantofsaturatedsoils.Manywetlanddefinitionshavebeendevelopedbyscientists,U.S.federalagencies,andtheRamsarConventionforbothscientificandregulatorypurposes.Wetlandsarenoteasilydefinedbutawell-conceived,science-baseddefinitionofwetlandsisimportantforscientistsandresourcemanagerstounderstandthenatureofwetlandsand/ortouseandprotectwetlands.Ascientificdefinitionisthebasisforwetlandclassification.Developinganeffectivewetlandclassificationsystemrequiresawell-conceived,science-baseddefinitionandclearlyexplicitguidanceontheappropriateuseofvariouswetlandindicatorstoverifythepresenceofwetlandsontheground.Basedonawell-acceptedwetlanddefinition,bothwetlandclassificationandinventoryfurtherprovideneededinformationandaworkingframeforwiseuseandmanagementofwetlands.

简介：Thispaperproposestheprincipleofcomprehensiveknowledgediscovery.Unlikemostofthecurrentknowledgediscoverymethods,thecomprehensiveknowledgediscoveryconsidersboththespatialrelationsandattributesofspatialentitiesorobjects.Weintroducethetheoryofspatialknowledgeexpressionsystemandsomeconceptsincludingcomprehensiveknowledgediscoveryandspatialunioninformationtable(SUIT).Intheory,SUITrecordsallinformationcontainedinthestudiedobjects,butinreality,becauseofthecomplexityandvarietiesofspatialrelations,onlythosefactorsofinteresttousareselected.Inordertofindoutthecomprehensiveknowledgefromspatialdatabases,anefficientcomprehensiveknowledgediscoveryalgorithmcalledrecycledalgorithm(RAR)issuggested.

简介：Greatearthquakesoftenoccuralongornearactivefaultbelts.Thus,monitoringandresearchonfaultdeformationarequiteimportant.Methodssuchasshort-leveling,shortbaselineandintegratedmonitoringprofileacrossfaultbeltshavebeenusedtomonitorfaultactivitiesformanyyears.GNSSobservationsaremainlyusedtoobtainthehorizontalvelocityfieldinlargeareasandtostudytheactivitiesanddeformationofmajorblocks.GNSStechnologyhasbeenusedtomonitorandstudythedeformationoffaultsfromadifferentaspects.Inthispaper,someapplicationsandnewexplorationsofGNSSarediscussed.Theyare:(1)Researchandmonitoringofstrike-slipactivitiesoffaultswithGNSS.(2)ResearchandmonitoringofverticalactivitiesoffaultswithGNSS.(3)Investigatingthelawsofdeformationofblocksonthesidesoffaultzoneandsettingupstrainmodelstodeducetheactivitiesanddeformationoffaultswithrespectivemodelsandcomparethededucedresultswiththeactualmeasurementsacrossfault.Itisconcludedthatalargerdiscrepancybetweenthededucedandtheobserveddeformationindicatesastrongerinteractionbetweentheblocks,whichcanbeimportantforpredictingthelocationofastrongearthquakeandassessingseismichazard,aswellastheseismicitytrend.

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简介：Inthispaperthedevelopmentofthetechnologyofthelaserscanningissummarized.Theprinciplesoflaserrangescanningareintroduced.Basedonthelaserscanningtechnologyandmethods,whichareinvestigatedbytheauthorstosurveydepositvolume,asurveyingsystemisdevelopedandapracticalapplicationisperformed.Itisshownthatthelaser-scanningtechnologyhasobviousadvantagessuchasmeasurementprecision,automationandvisualizationofobserveddataincomparisonwiththetraditionalmethods.Asaresult,laborintensityisrelievedobviouslyandworkefficiencyispromoted.

简介：石油地球物理学者认识到与油和煤气的水库有关的许多参数用地震属性数据被预言。然而，优化地震属性，预言薄沙岩水库的特性，并且提高水库描述精确性的最好怎么是为地质学家和地球物理学者的一个重要目标。基于主要部件分析的理论，我们在场一个新优化方法，叫的抑制主要部件分析。在一个油矿的当模特儿的估计和真实申请证明它能提高水库预言精确性并且有更好的适用性。

简介：TwomethodsforsmoothingpseudorangeobservablebyCarrierandDopplerarediscussed.ThentheprocedurebasedontheRINEXobservationfilesistestedusingtheAshtechZ-XII3TgeodeticreceiversdrivenbyastableexternalfrequencyatUNSO.Thispaperproposestoadaptthisprocedureforthelinksbetweengeodeticreceivers,inordertotakeadvantageofthePcodesavailableonL1andL2.Thisnewprocedureusesthe30-secondRINEXobservationsfiles,thestandardoftheInternationalGPSService(IGS),andprocessestheionosphere-freecombinationofthecodesP1andP2;thesatellitepositionsarededucedfromtheIGSrapidorbits,availableaftertwodays.

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简介：Whenusingtherandomprocessinsoilprofilemodeling,thestationaryandergodicityofthesoilpropertiesintheprofilemustbetested.Thispaperdescribesaprocedureforstationaryandergodicitytesting.Numericalexamplesweregivenfordemonstration.Alog-cosinefunctionissuggestedtosimulatethecorrelationfunction,whichhasbeenprovedtobegoodforsoilprofilemodeling.

简介：Astrainofyeast,whichcanendurehighosmoticpressure,isemployedforthesensitivematerialofthemicrobialBODsensor.Twoimmobilizationmethodsareused,I.e.CalciumalginategelbeadsandPVAgelbeads.TheresultsshowthatthePVAgelbeadsisbetter.TheinfluencesofosmosisandheavymetalionsontheyeastentrappedinthePVAgelbeadsarealsostudiedintheexperiment.

简介：Thispaperdiscussessomemechanicalconceptsthathavebeenlargelyappliedtostructuralgeologyandtectonics,andaddressestheproblemsandmisunderstandingsinuseofthesemechanicalterms.Thepurposeistostimulatetheinterestsforstructuralgeologistsinusingthemechanicalprinciplesandmethodscorrectlytosolvethegeodynamicproblems.

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简介：Inthecontextofglobalwarming,Chinaisfacingwithincreasingclimaterisks.Itisimperativetodevelopquantitativeindicestoreflecttheclimateriskscausedbyextremeweather/climateeventsandadverseclimaticconditionsinassociationwithdifferentindustries.Basedontheobservationsat2288meteorologicalstationsinChinaandthemeteorologicaldisastersdata,asetofindicesaredevelopedtomeasureclimaterisksduetowater-logging,drought,hightemperature,cryogenicfreezing,andtyphoon.Astatisticalmethodisthenusedtoconstructanoverallclimateriskindex(CRI)forChinafromtheseindividualindices.Thereisagoodcorrespondencebetweentheseindicesandhistoricalclimaticconditions.TheCRI,theindexofwater-loggingbyrain,andthehightemperatureindexincreaseatarateof0.28,0.37,and0.65perdecade,respectively,from1961to2016.Thecryogenicfreezingindexiscloselyrelatedtochangesintheconsumerpriceindexforfood.Thehightemperatureindexiscorrelatedwiththeconsumptionofenergyandelectricity.Thecorrelationbetweentheyearlygrowthinclaimsonhouseholdpropertyinsuranceandthesumofthewater-loggingindexandthetyphoonindexinthesameyearisashighas0.70.BoththegrowthrateofclaimsonagriculturalinsuranceandtheannualgrowthrateofhospitalinpatientsarepositivelycorrelatedwiththeCRI.Theyear-on-yeargrowthinthenumberofdomestictouristsissignificantlynegativelycorrelatedwiththeCRIinthesameyear.MoreeffortsareneededtodevelopregionalCRIs.

简介：ThispaperpresentsamethodforthecomputationoftheStokesfor-mulausingtheFastHartleyTransform（FHT）techniques.Thealgorithmismostsuitableforthecomputationofrealsequencetransform,whiletheFastFourierTransform（FFT）techniquesaremoresuitableforthecomputatonofcomplexse-quencetransform.Amethodofsphericalcoordinatetransformationispresentedinthispaper.Bythismethodtheerrors,whichareduetotheapproximatetermintheconvolutionofStokesformula,canbeeffectivelyeliminated.Somenumericaltestsaregiven.ByacomparisonwithbothFFTtechniquesandnumericalintegra-tionmethod,theresultsshowthattheresultingvaluesofgeoidalundulationsbyFHTtechniquesarealmostthesameasbyFFTtechniques,andthecomputation-alspeedofFHTtechniquesisabouttwotimesfasterthanthatofFFTtechniques.